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Review of Methodologies in Recent Research of Human Echolocation

Bujacz Michał, Sztyler Bartłomiej, Wileńska Natalia, Czajkowska Karolina, Strumiłło Paweł

Archives of Acoustics

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2023

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Vol. 48, No. 2

249--271

EN

The presented review discusses recent research on human echolocation by blind and sighted subjects, aiming to classify and evaluate the methodologies most commonly used when testing active echolocation methods. Most of the reviewed studies compared small groups of both blind and sighted volunteers, although one in four studies used sighted testers only. The most common trial procedure was for volunteers to detect or localize static obstacles, e.g., discs, boards, or walls at distances ranging from a few centimeters to several meters. Other tasks also included comparing or categorizing objects. Few studies utilized walking in real or virtual environments. Most trials were conducted in natural acoustic conditions, as subjects are marginally less likely to correctly echolocate in anechoic or acoustically dampened rooms. Aside from live echolocation tests, other methodologies included the use of binaural recordings, artificial echoes or rendered virtual audio. The sounds most frequently used in the tests were natural sounds such as the palatal mouth click and finger snapping. Several studies have focused on the use of artificially generated sounds, such as noise or synthetic clicks. A promising conclusion from all the reviewed studies is that both blind and sighted persons can efficiently learn echolocation.

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Comparison of echolocation abilities of blind and normally sighted humans using different source sounds

Bujacz Michał, Skulimowski Piotr, Królak Aleksandra, Sztyler Bartłomiej, Strumiłło Paweł

Vibrations in Physical Systems

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2022

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Vol. 33, nr 2

art. no. 2022213

EN

The ability of some humans to echolocate has become widely known primarily due to a small number of famous expert echolocators who are capable of extraordinary feats. However, a lesser-known fact is that all humans exhibit this skill unconsciously and can learn it relatively quickly and implicitly through repeated practice. In our experiments we tested groups of 12 blind and 14 sighted untrained participants in a simple echolocation test - localizing a 1m x 2m vertical wall at distances between 1 and 3 meters using 10 different types of sounds as the source signals for the echolocation attempts. There were significant differences between the participant groups and between some of the tested sounds. Although the groups were small, a clear difference was also observed between the experienced totally blind participants and the legally blind visually impaired participants that had residual light sensitivity. From the compared sounds 3 kHz and 4 kHz synthetic percussion sounds, pink and blue noise were among the sources that led to the highest chances of correctly guessing the obstacle’s direction and distance.

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Stanowisko laboratoryjne do generowania i przetwarzania sygnałów echolokacyjnych

Kaszyński Mateusz, Grzywiński Stanisław, Rodzik Dariusz

Mechanik

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2019

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R. 92, nr 8-9

577--579

PL

W artykule przedstawiono zagadnienia związane z przetwarzaniem sygnałów echolokacyjnych. Opisano prowadzone badania symulacyjne dotyczące wpływu wybranych parametrów układowych i metod przetwarzania sygnałów na możliwości detekcyjne oraz dokładność określanych współrzędnych echolokatora. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono prezentacji rozwiązań sprzętowo-programowych opracowanego stanowiska laboratoryjnego, przeznaczonego do generowania sygnałów echolokacyjnych odbitych od imitowanych obiektów.

EN

The paper presents issues related to the generation and processing of echolocation signals. The conducted simulation studies on the influence of selected system parameters and signal processing methods on the detection capabilities and the accuracy of the determined echolocation coordinates have been described. Particular attention was paid to the presentation of hardware and software solutions for the laboratory stand developed, involving the generation of echolocation signals reflected from imitated objects.

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Acoustic imaging of selected areas of Gdansk Bay with the aid of parametric echosounder and side-scan sonar

Grelowska G., Kozaczka E., Szymczak W.

Polish Maritime Research

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2017

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nr 4

35--41

EN

The article presents and analyses the data recorded during sounding of the Gdansk Bay seabed with the aid of a parametric echosounder and a side-scan sonar. The accuracy of seabed structure examination, as a condition for obtaining valuable results, requires correct configuration of echolocation devices and proper calibration of peripheral devices, such as the survey unit geographical position sensor – GPS, the navigation unit, the MRU-Z sensor of pitch, roll and heave, and the sound velocity meter, which deliver the data to the bathymetric measurement system. Parametric seabed profilers deliver two types of data: the envelope, and the detailed echo signal without processing. The envelope is used for data visualisation in the form of online echograms, while the echo signal is stored for further analyses, to be performed using dedicated software or, after relevant conversion, in arbitrary programming environment1. The presented data analysis is illustrated by selected sample images recorded by the parametric echosounder and the side-scan sonar during Gdansk Bay sounding.

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Wyrobisko w 3D

Patla S.

Surowce i Maszyny Budowlane

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2013

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nr 1

50-54

PL

Równoczesne wykorzystanie metody echolokacji i skaningu laserowego do odwzorowania powierzchni pozwala na połączenie wyników pomiarów z lądu i wody. Daje to możliwość uzyskania modelu całej powierzchni wyrobiska w zakładach prowadzących eksploatację lądową i spod wody.

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Analiza sygnałów echolokacyjnych nietoperzy zarejestrowanych za pomocą różnych systemów pomiarowych

Herman K., Gudra T.

Acta Bio-Optica et Informatica Medica. Inżynieria Biomedyczna

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2009

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Vol. 15, nr 1

91-94

PL

wybranych gatunków nietoperzy występujących na terenie Dolnego Śląska. Dokonano porównania takich sygnałów zarejestrowanych za pomocą systemów pomiarowych typu time expansion, frequency division oraz wysokorozdzielczych torów pomiarowych. Rozważono problemy związane z wpływem przetworników wejściowych oraz wpływem toru pomiarowego na parametry zarejestrowanych sygnałów bioecholokacyjnych.

EN

selected bats' species from the Lower Silesia region are presented. Echolocation signals of bats recorded by various measurement systems based on time-expansion effect, frequency division effect and high resolution registration tracks were examined and compared. Some problems related to the registration methods, input transducers and their influence on parameters of analyzed bioecholocation signals, were considered, as well.