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Recenzja książki "Koncepcja komunikacji strategicznej. Implikacje dla Polski"

Stańczyk Jerzy

Security Review

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2019

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nr 3(12)

24--26

2

Działania psychologiczne w konfliktach nowego wieku

Wrzosek M.

Kwartalnik Bellona

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2016

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Nr 2

19--34

PL

Konflikty nowego wieku nie zawsze mają znamiona (cechy) typowego konfliktu. Wiele z nich rozpoczyna się bowiem długo przed faktycznym zainicjowaniem działań identyfikowanych jako starcie interesów. Szeroki kontekst konfliktu sprawia, że można rozpatrywać go jako zjawisko społeczne w różnych aspektach. Niemniej jednak z punktu widzenia bezpieczeństwa jest to proces, w którym państwo lub organizacja (sojusz, przymierze) dąży do osiągnięcia własnych celów drogą wyeliminowania, podporządkowania sobie, a niekiedy zniszczenia przeciwnika (eliminacja zagrożenia). W tym aspekcie działania psychologiczne stanowią część ogólnego procesu destabilizacji zaufania, systemu wartości oraz przekonań potencjalnych obiektów. Działania psychologiczne są zwykle podejmowane długo przed zasadniczą fazą konfliktu. Autor na wybranych przykładach dowodzi, jak istotnym elementem składowym współczesnych konfliktów są operacje informacyjne, a w ich trakcie - działania psychologiczne.

EN

Conflicts of the new century do not always have the characteristics of a typical conflict. Many of them start long before actual commencement of operations identified as conflict of interests. The wide context of a conflict makes it possible to look at it as a social phenomenon from various aspects. Nevertheless, as it comes to security, it is a process in which a state or an organization (alliance, union) strives to achieve its own goals by eliminating, subjugating, and sometimes destroying the enemy (elimination of a threat). In this aspect, psychological operations are a part of a general process of destabilizing the trust, value system and convictions of potential objects. Psychological operations are usually undertaken lang before the main phase of a conflict. The author, basing on selected examples, shows the significance of information operations, including psychological operations, as an element of current conflicts.

3

Współczesne działania psychologiczne : Stany Zjednoczone

Kacała T.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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2014

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nr 2(95)

388-416

EN

The article describes the United States psychological operations (US PSYOP). It presents the US definition of PSYOP, the organization of US PSYOP groups, both active and functioning as the reserve component, as well as the structure of US PSYOP. The US PSYOP equipment encompasses the military state-of-the-art assets and classic tools of psychological influence. Furthermore, the article describes, in detail, the PSYOP proces including preparation, conduct and control of the psychological operations. The process comprises: planning; target audience analysis; development of a series ofpsychological products; psychological product design; approval of (series of) psychological products; production, distribution and dissemination of psychological products and psychological impact assessment.

4

Rozpoznanie wojsk przeciwnika na potrzeby działań psychologicznych

Podkowski A.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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2000

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nr 3(40)

82-92

EN

Psychological actions directed against troops and population during a military conflict are very important for the process of combat preparing and conducting. Psychological state of people participating in combat and those who are in a close or distant area of operation depends on many factors of both subjective character and non-man depending. Also the efficiency and effectiveness of psychological actions depend on various factors, the main tasks include recognising the enemy, gaining and collecting current and true information on the potential enemy’s soldiers and population concerning social, demographic and cultural aspects. The author proves that these statements are true by, on the one hand, presenting modern American opinions on the role of reconnaissance in psychological operations, on the other hand, by a certain historical reflection on the Russian Army experiences in this area during the Second World War. The main body of the article presents the concept of social-demographic and cultural reconnaissance for the Polish Armed Forces psychological operations needs.

5

Działania propagandowe i psychologiczne w armii niemieckiej : historia i teraźniejszość

Podkowski A.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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2000

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nr 2(39)

199-214

EN

Society’s military preparation to war and getting civilian population’s acceptance, army in particular, to pursue politics was one of the main tasks that Hitler undertook after taking over in Germany. The Reich’s propaganda system played an exceptional role in that time. The analysis of Hitler’s Germany propaganda psychological endeavours directed to its own nation and enemy’s population and soldiers during the Second World War are the contents of this article. In Fascist period in Germany one party ideology was apparent in its military doctrine and society’s indocrination system. After establishing the Federal Republic of Germany and German armed forces, however, the leadership of the state did everything so that no decisions, either in the society or in the Bundeswehre, were connected with one party ideology and manipulation. The unknown character of future battlefield and connected with it complicated information situation determined setting up companies and battalions in the army to conduct propaganda and psychological actions. The structures, equipment and evolution of war and psychological defence subunits and operational information were presented in the second part of the article.

6

Działania psychologiczne w wojsku

Podkowski A.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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1999

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nr 4(37)

177-189

EN

The notions “psychological actions or activities” arise different associations in the Polish Armed Forces. It happens that some associate them immediately with very useful, particularly among conscripts, activity of unit commander aides for psychological prophylactics, the others, however, think of planning psychological-ill-functional actions influencing enemy soldiers and population in a probable armed conflict. Some others stress the problem of an appropriate shaping of their own soldiers’ morale and their moral - psychological preparation for fighting and difficult situations. Linguistic and subject-matter similarity undoubtedly makes it difficult to situate selective ranges or, in other words, organisational - functional areas directed to mental sphere and to attitudes of the own soldiers, and in wartime to enemy soldiers. The article presents the author’s considerations concerning psychologists’ activities in military units, soldiers’ moral and psychological preparations for fighting, psychological activities influencing a potential enemy during a probable conflict, and endeavours of, so- called, psychological defence. By providing a specific character of selective areas and presenting their basic methods, forms, tasks and similarities, the author wants to exclude any misunderstandings in interpretation.