Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Itineraria jako źródła powstania myśli strategicznej i operacyjnej w okresie panowania Stefana Batorego

Łopatecki K.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2018

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R. 63, nr 2

29--49

EN

The article presents military itineraries, i.e. planned descriptions of the routes of troops. Such sources constitute the oldest objects of military cartography. They also enable reconstruction of strategic concepts and operational activities planned by commanders. The time of Stefan Batory was discussed in the article because such cartographic support was the basis for often quite complicated planning. Itineraries could be perfectly used both during mobilization and relocation of the army, and also during military operations. They were especially useful in coordination of operations of two or more numbers of regiments or allied armies. Analysed examples suggest that at the time of the reign of Stefan Batory the early modern cartographic turn took place.

2

Modelowanie procesu zaopatrywania wojsk w czasie prowadzenia działań taktycznych

Myszczyszyn Z., Wielgosik M., Borucka A.

Gospodarka Materiałowa i Logistyka

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2016

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nr 5

469--483

PL

Autorzy w pracy skupiają się na wskazaniu możliwych do zastosowania rozwiązań wykorzystywanych dotychczas w logistyce cywilnej, które mogą z powodzeniem zostać zastosowane w wojsku. Rozwiązania te po implementacji mogłoby posłużyć do organizacji procesu zaopatrywania wojsk w działaniach taktycznych zgodnie z wypracowanym w niniejszej pracy modelem.

EN

In the article authors would like to pay attention to solutions that are already used in civil logistics and on ways how to implement them in military adaptations. These solutions after implementation might be use to organize the army supplying process during tactical operations in accordance with elaborated model.

3

Zadania, możliwości i sposoby użycia artylerii w działaniach przeciwrebelianckich

Rubaj T.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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2012

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nr 2(87)

59-81

EN

The article features artillery’s major tasks, capabilities and ways of use in counterinsurgency operations (COIN). The most important tasks include the show of force, monitoring designated areas and fire counterattacks. The considerations are complemented by selected and most representative, according to the author, conclusions and experiences of the use of artillery in the Balkans, Iraq and Afghanistan. Artillery assets participating in the mentioned above operations, having substantial combat potential (fire power) at their disposal, prove to be effective tool of demonstrating the potential’s presence in trouble spots. This demonstration is conducted not only through static operations (presence) but also through prevention marches, occupying positions with the possibility to achieve fast readiness to open fire. Conclusions and experience from operations show a significant role of special ammunition to reach intended effects through prevention (deterrence, discouragement and isolation) of enemy forces. Artillery reconnaissance assets, like visual reconnaissance performed with special finding range recce tools, radiolocation stations to detect and define coordinates of mobile targets, artillery reconnaissance radiolocation sets and mortars are widely applied in counterinsurgency operations. They contribute to gain the greatest advantage in given conditions of situational awareness leading to information advantage that is an essential component of general advantage. Fire counterattacks essentially mean fire response to insurgents’ various weapons and ammunition used within so called reactive combat. However, due to unconventional tactics, i.e. methods and techniques used by enemy forces, proactive operations gain more and more importance. They consist in forestalling enemy operations, through, among others, skilful coordination of artillery and mortars with combat group operations performing tasks in designated areas.

4

Ontologies and their potential for knowledge representation layer for a CBR System in fire service

Kreński K., Krasuski A., Łazowy S.

Bezpieczeństwo i Technika Pożarnicza

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2011

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Nr 4

93-98

EN

The foundations for knowledge representation for intelligent systems in the State Fire Service of Poland (PSP) are presented in this paper. Part of the documentation collected by PSP, particularly that related to operational matters could be collected to form Knowledge Banks that could be utilised during fire and rescue actions, trainings, analyses, etc. Unfortunately, there is a problem resulting from the way this data is stored - the collected documentation is stored in PSP in a way that cannot be processed by computer systems. Namely, the binary data created by text processors doesn.t contain enough structure to be automatically processed. A mainstream approach currently is to create ontologies to model the knowledge for a given domain. The basics of what ontologies are and how knowledge can be expressed by them are then described. The authors searched for already created ontologies in other countries in order to reuse them. Only one ontology, named e-Response was found in University of Edinburgh, Scotland. However, this ontology is based on the military ontology and is not specific enough to cover the required entities, so the authors decided to create their own ontology rather than reusing the one that was found. It must be noted, that ontologies must always be designed to serve a special goal. The authors. research is centered around the Case Based Reasoning (CBR) system, which could assist the officers in charge by quickly finding the descriptions of similar actions from the past. A CBR system needs to find similar cases in the database and the ontology is supposed to enhance this process. The article concludes that ontologies sound as a most proper way to address the problem of data organisation in most of domains (including PSP), as they become more and more popular and are actively researched worldwide.

PL

Artykuł przedstawia podstawy reprezentacji wiedzy dla inteligentnych systemów w Państwowej Straży Pożarnej. Część dokumentacji gromadzonej przez PSP, zwłaszcza tej, związanej z działaniami operacyjnymi mogłaby służyć do tworzenia banków wiedzy wykorzystywanych następnie podczas akcji, szkoleń, analiz itp. Istnieje niestety problem wynikający ze sposobu przechowywania danych - dane są gromadzone w sposób uniemożliwiający ich przetwarzanie przez systemy komputerowe. Problemem wynika z braku odpowiedniej struktury w binarnych dokumentach tworzonych za pomocą procesorów tekstu. Najpopularniejszym obecnie podejściem do rozwiązania powyższego problemu jest tworzenie ontologii dla modelowanej dziedziny. W artykule opisano podstawy ontologii oraz możliwości wyrażania za jej pomocą wiedzy. Autorzy rozpoczęli badanie od przeglądu literatury światowej w poszukiwaniu ontologii w dziedzinie pożarnictwa. W ramach przeglądu znaleziono tylko jedną ontologię (nazwaną e-Response) na Uniwersytecie w Edynburgu w Szkocji. Okazało się jednak, że ta ontologia bazuje na specyfikacji wojskowej i nie zawiera wymaganych (w dziedzinie modelowania akcji ratowniczych) obiektów. W związku z tym podjęto decyzję o utworzeniu nowej ontologii. Należy zaznaczyć, że przy tworzeniu ontologii należy określić cel jakiemu ma ona służyć. Prace prowadzone przez autorów koncentrują się wokół wnioskowania na podstawie przypadków (CBR) celem wspomagania dowódców w czasie prowadzonych działań ratowniczych. System CBR opiera się na wyszukiwaniu podobnych przypadków w bazie danych i ontologia mogłaby ulepszyć ten proces. W podsumowaniu artykułu stwierdzono, że ontologie są właściwym mechanizmem organizacji danych w wielu dziedzinach (w tym w PSP) co znajduje potwierdzenie w ich rosnącej popularności oraz liczbie prowadzonych nad nimi badań.

5

Zadania SZ w operacjach poza granicami kraju

Elak L.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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2010

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nr 1(78)

87-96

EN

The geo-military situation, contradictions between countries, nations, ethnic or religious groups are the main source of tensions and destabilisation that, indirectly, determines the armed forces’ tasks in operations. They mainly consist of counteracting negative phenomena, limiting their possible effects and their fast elimination. Therefore, the tasks to be reached must be rational and adequate to operation aims. The tasks carried out by armed forces should lead to reaching the final state of operation and to win favour with the local population. The main aim of the article is to present the tasks conducted by the armed forces in operations outside the country by answering the question which tasks are carried out by the armed forces in these operations. The author drccws special attention to non-kinetic tasks performed within Civil Military Cooperation (CIMIC). Their success determines largely the success of the whole operation.

6

Struktura działań taktycznych

Kubiński M.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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2009

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nr 2(75)

91-97

EN

Dynamically changing reality requires reconsidering the problem of tactical operations' structure. Therefore, the article suggests and justifies some solutions not resulting from the fact that the present division has been wrong but that the reality (situation) has changed so much that it requires a different approach to the problem. As a starting point while classifying forces’ operations, there are assumed stages in which a state may function which include before the conflict stage, conflict and post-conflict phase. Thus it seems justified to introduce such notions as peace support operations, combat operations and stabilization operations which are characterized by, among others, the necessity to combine and choose selectively these kind of operations which will be effective in a given situation. However, it is difficult to close the set which is called tactical operations. This difficulty involves mainly its complexity. In peace support operations the opposing forces and the enemy in combat are clearly defined, whereas how to name situations when the enemy (opponent) is not clearly defined, not uniformed, who looks as any other citizen of the country with only one difference that an explosive device is attached under his clothes. New rules and regulations of land forces operations have been binding since January 2009. Apart from numerous changes in the tactical operations area published in this document, a new tactical operations’ structure is introduced. Analysing the provisions of the new regulations, some issues are disputable. Symmetric operations are treated slightly differently there as they are defined as “primary operations”. Moreover, intermediate stages are differentiated within complementary combat operations.

7

Współczesna sztuka operacyjna

Czupryński A.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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2006

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nr 4(65)

209-225

EN

The evolution of military art for the reason of political assumptions of using the armed forces to solve contentious issues causes changes in practice and theory of the military art. Changes in the area of military art are resulted from the unification of the main object of research, namely military operations. Contemporary operations in individual conflicts became independent categories, in the result of which the goal of military strategy is achieved directly. It causes changes in the development of operations theory. It is contemporarily assumed that all operations will be joint in nature and hence it is not legitimate to develop theories of operations conducted by only one service in one environment. If the main subject of researches has changed, it is legitimate to do some changes in the theory adequately to its diagnosis and forecasted development. Therefore, in the structure of military art the basis of operational art and the theory of operations should be specified.

8

Właściwości bojowe lotnictwa i artylerii w aspekcie realizacji zadań wsparcia ogniowego wojsk walczących

Polcikiewicz Z., Świętochowski N.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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2005

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nr 3(60)

102-118

EN

In recent years there have been voiced opinions that air force is the dominant and decisive fire support means that may successfully replace artillery. The aim of the article is to present a combat capabilities comparative analysis of contemporary air force and artillery destructive systems. The features have been discussed in detail that decisively influence combat capabilities of aeroplanes, helicopters and artillery. They include: the depth of activities; - time of task (fire response) accomplishing; - expected results of strikes or fire (combat effectiveness); - survivability; - resistance to external factors (weather conditions, season of the year, time of the day). The authors have taken advantage of experiences and conclusions drawn after using various fire support assets in wars and armed conflicts that took place recently. In the conclusion the authors state that in the contemporary battlefield, both air force and artillery will still play a decisive role carrying out numerous important tasks for fighting troops. Each military commander should have the possibility to choose a fire support asset in order to eliminate the enemy effectively and according to schedule regardless the tactical situation and terrain or weather conditions.

9

Nowe metody - stare środki. Cz. 1

Kloske Marcin

Wiedza Obronna

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2005

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nr 3

24--33

10

Operacyjny obszar sztuki wojennej obrony terytorialnej

Jakubczak R.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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2003

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nr 2(51)

256-269

EN

The military system of a democratic state allows conducting territorial operational actions on a large scale - both in national and coalition operations. Hence territorial operational actions are common in these countries where defence advantages are perceived, not only armed but most of all humanitarian, particularly in Territorial Defence and non-military units joint operations. It is also the consequence of decreasing the differences between military and non-military. Security in general terms and defence within its framework become evenly the area of the state authorities responsibilities. Hence territorial joint operations within a NATO country are reasonable as a basic area of civilian – military actions. Territorial Defence is naturally in such situations a kind of link joining all operations resulting from the necessity of facing numerous peace threats. These main circumstances prove that soon there may appear not only political but also functional need to create a separate security organisation of the state basing on binding civilian – military in character law. It will comprise the functions of Territorial Defence troops and non-military security forces. This process may be fostered in the course of making the operational troops more professional, their significant decreasing and selective NATO armies specialisation in the framework of intervention actions.

11

Wybrane problemy obrony przeciwchemicznej w działaniach operacyjnych

Michailiuk B.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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2002

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nr 3-4(48-49)

220-241

EN

The article presents the idea of chemical defence and general abilities and principles of chemical troops functioning in operations. In the introduction the author describes actions and tasks of chemical defence in operations. Later he presents the principles of actions and abilities of chemical troops' assets and forces in operations. A special attention is drawn to the principles of actions of chemical battalion subunits and fighters' section of contamination and smoke reconnaissance in operations.

12

Dokumenty normatywne „państwa - gospodarza" w działaniach wojsk z wykorzystaniem transportu lotniczego

Sieczka J.

Systemy Logistyczne Wojsk

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2001

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Nr 26

81--85