The role of modern helicopters has increased in recent years so highly that one may risk stating that they are becoming the basic land forces’ asset and the main tool to support them. Their combat capability is immense and thanks to their maneuverability they are able to survive on the turbulent battlefield. Modern helicopters are equipped with guns and rockets to destroy both the armoured and aerial targets. They are able to breach any fortification lines, rivers, forests, mountainous terrains or swamps. They can camouflage perfectly and effectively fight against air defence due to their possibility to fly on low altitude and attack suddenly with high precision and strength. Because of such extensive helicopters capabilities, a need arises to designate units in the armed forces’ structures that would take advantage of their potential. Therefore it seems justified to feature the role and tasks that organic aviation units of air cavalry brigade play in the contemporary battlefield and present the directions of their further development.
Autor wykazuje, iż nowa sytuacja geopolityczna wywołała wiele przewartościowań w sferze międzynarodowego bezpieczeństwa, a tym samym w obszarach przewidywanych zadań dla NATO i naszych Sił Zbrojnych. Modyfikacji uległy także zasady wykorzystania wojsk operacyjnych i obrony terytorialnej. W obecnej sytuacji, szczególnie pod wpływem zmian technologicznych, weryfikacji ulegają szybkość i tempo działań oraz zasady prowadzenia działań taktycznych. W tych uwarunkowaniach szczególnie istotną kwestią staje się możliwość użycia sił i środków w trzecim wymiarze. Ten wymóg, przy szczupłości sił specjalistycznych, generuje kolejną, ważną przesłankę, to jest konieczność posiadania odpowiednio przygotowanych sił i środków z innych rodzajów wojsk do działań aeromobilnych. Rozwój środków walki oraz koncepcje ich wykorzystania wpłynęły na wypracowanie szeregu zasad, dzięki którym usprawniono proces planowania i organizacji taktycznych desantów śmigłowcowych. Tym samym uległo poprawie przygotowanie pododdziałów do walki, a ich możliwości w realizacji postawionego zadania zdecydowanie zwiększyły się. Proces dowodzenia pododdziałami śmigłowców i pododdziałów wojsk lądowych wykorzystywanych w działaniach desantu śmigłowcowego jest skomplikowany ze względu na różnorodny skład sił, obszar działań oraz ich dynamikę. Stąd też jednym z podstawowych czynników warunkujących sukces w takich działaniach jest pełna integracja na każdym etapie działań. Zakres obowiązków dowódców w procesie dowodzenia siłami wyznaczonymi do działania jako desant śmigłowcowy jest zróżnicowany.
EN
The author indicates that the new geopolitical situation has led to a number of redefinitions in the sphere of international security, hence in the areas of the anticipated tasks for NATO and our armed forces. The rules of employing operational forces and territorial defence units have also been modified. At present juncture, in particular under the influence of changes in technology, the speed and pace of operations as well as the principles of conducting tactical operations are being reviewed. What is particularly crucial under these circumstances is the capability to use forces and assets in the third dimension. This requirement, with specialist forces being tight, generates another, significant premise: it is imperative to possess properly trained forces and adequate assets from other services for airmobile operations. The development of means of combat and the concepts for their employment have resulted in working out numerous principles owing to which the process of planning and organising tactical helicopter landing operations has been facilitated. As a result, combat training of subunits has been improved and their capabilities of carrying out the assigned tasks have been greatly enhanced. The process of commanding helicopter and army subunits employed in helicopter landing operations is a complex one and because of the diverse composition of forces, the area of operations and their dynamics. This is why, one of the fundamental factors influencing success in such operations is full integration at every stage of an operation. The scope of duties for commanders in the process of commanding forces assigned to a helicopter landing operation is diversified.
3
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The article deals with presenting the use of a new type of land forces, i.e. airmobile forces. The article has been divided into three subject blocks. The fiest one discusses generally the role, aim and tasks to be accomplished by airmobile forces in basic kinds of operations, i.e. defensive, offensive and delay actions. The second block presents basic rules and regulations related to conducting airmobile operations. The third one contains the author’s considerations referring particularly to an important airmobile forces’ component - air cavalry in airmobile and anti - diversion operations and in raids.
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The article presents the present state of forces in the Polish military to conduct air-land actions, airmobile actions including. A small, even modest number of these forces, especially helicopters points to very limited possibilities to carry out this kind of actions. Therefore, there has been presented an alternative development to conduct air-land actions through creating extemporaneously airmobile group formations and also a future direction to solve the mentioned above problem on a strategic and operational level.
5
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The operations of airmobile formations have been discussed taking into consideration the enemy threats. On this background, there have been presented the kinds and ways of air mobile formation actions in a defence operation. The analysis of these actions has been shown due to selective stages of conducting an operation. The operations of airmobile formations are perceived as common actions with other forces of operational troops and territorial defence, engaged to defend the defence responsibility zone of a military district.
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