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Olejki eteryczne otrzymywane z roślin rodzaju melaleuca : skład chemiczny i zastosowanie

Gajos Adrianna, Białoń Marietta, Wieczorek Piotr P.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

2024

[Z] 78, 5-6

467--489

The Melaleuca plant genus is included in the myrtle family and is found from the Indochina Peninsula to Tasmania. The greatest diversity of plants in this family is found mainly in Australia. Essential oils extracted from plants of the Melaleuca genus are a mixture of valuable chemicals that exhibit a broad spectrum of biological properties. Studying the chemical composition of these oils can provide information on their active ingredients, which has applicationsin the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, as well as in aromatherapy. The essence of the study was to conduct an analysis to determine the chemical composition, learn about the main volatile compounds, as well as their percentage content in essential oils extracted from different varieties, namely: Melaleuca alternifolia (TTO), Melaleuca viridiflora (niaouli oil) and Melaleuca cajuputi (cayeput oil). Methods of analysis included gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify and determine the chemical components present in the samples. Two different chromatographic columns were used in the study - a non-polar column and a polar column. The results of the analysis indicated the presence of a variety of chemical components in essential oils of the Melaleuca genus. The composition of the chemical compounds present varied depending on the column used for analysis and the type of plant from which the oil was extracted. The main components of niauli and cayeput oils are: 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol), α-terpineol and α-pinene. TTO, on the other hand, contains terpinene-4-ol, p-cymene and γ-terpinene. These compounds exhibit antibacterial, anti-inflammatory activity.