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PL
W pracy przedstawiono nową metodę wyznaczania dryftu temperaturowe-go (ang. offset) mikrobolometrycznych kamer termowizyjnych bez ko-nieczności stosowania migawki, która przesłania obserwowaną scenę. Zamiast migawki zastosowano półprzezroczystą przysłonę, która zmienia poziom energii docierającej do detektora. Metoda zakłada, że w czasie korekcji dryftu temperaturowego kamera "patrzy" na nieruchomy obiekt.
EN
In this paper a new method of temperature drift compensation of microbolometer detectors is presented. Thermal cameras with such detectors are commonly used thanks to relatively low price, small dimensions and no requirement for cooling the detector. Regardless of the microbolometer type, there is a problem of detector temperature drift which is non-uniform over the detector surface. The problem is a result of very high thermal sensitivity of the microbolometer structure which is susceptible to heat coming from surrounding electronics. The most commonly used approach to deal with the problem of temperature drift is use of a mechanical shutter which periodically blocks the observation of scene for the time necessary to perform the correction. The principle of the presented method is based on using an aperture introduced periodically between the detector and the observed scene instead of the shutter. The detector response to the scene radiation with and without the aperture is recorded. Using equation (4), one can calculate the real amount of scene radiation, irrespective of the offset value introduced by the microbolometer temperature drift (equation (5)). This method enables a thermal camera to perform a live offset correction without using a shutter and without interruption of scene observation. Besides of theoretical information about the new method, chosen quantitative results of experiments realized at the Institute of Electronics, Technical University of Lodz are given (Figs. 4 and 5).
PL
Zaproponowano udoskonalenie metody typu A szacowania niepewności zalecanej przez przewodnik ISO GUM. Polega ono na wykryciu nieznanego a priori trendu i podstawowej składowej oscylacyjnej w surowych wynikach obserwacji pomiarowych oraz ich wyeliminowaniu. Dla dwu przykładów liczbowych przedstawiono i omówiono wpływ takiego "czyszczenia" wyników surowych ze składowych systematycznych na wartość odchylenia standardowego próbki.
EN
A new approach to upgrading the type A uncertainty evaluation due ISO GUM recommendations is presented in this paper. The "cleaning" of raw data set by elimination the systematic components as trend and periodical ones and the influence of this cleanings on standard uncertainty type A is presented and disused on two numerical examples.
PL
Praca jest próbą ustosunkowania się do zjawiska dryftu. Na podstawie materiału polowego, jak i dostarczyły pomiary polskiej sieci grawimetrycznej w latach 1994 -1996, przeprowadzono analizę, która wykazuje, że tzw. dryft krótkookresowy ma charakter głównie przypadkowy.
EN
Polish gravimetric network was measured between 1994-1996 with the use o f LaCoste & Romberg relative gravimeters. These instrument is presently recognised as one o f the most precise in the world, but while using it so-called drift phenomenon also appears. Drift is the result o f decreasing the resilience force o f the main measuring system and is manifested by change o f readings in time; it is a function o f inner and outer factors. The aim o f this work was to make the detailed analysis o f drifts, which appear during measurement o f segments o f Polish gravimetric network, as it is commonly known, that proper drift elimination increases compatibility o f gravimetric measurements and hence their accuracy. In the course o f measurements the scheme o f observations: A-В, В-A, A-В was applied; it ensured repeatability o f measurements for points at three consecutive surveys. Pairs o f drifts observed on segments o f gravimetric network were the subject o f analysis. 1500 drifts were analysed in total. The charts and graphs presenting all daily drifts o f gravimeters used for measurements from June 1994 till October 1996 were prepared. As a result o f all analyses it was found, that there is no relation between measured values o f difference in acceleration and values o f drifts, which appear on this segment. No relation was observed between values o f drift and observer, but they were influenced by the way o f transporting gravimeters. Analysis o f drifts confirms the initial assumption, that for particular type o f measurements and for small time differences modelling o f drifts by first-order polynomial is sufficient; this procedure can be even omitted due to random character o f drifts.
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