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Abrasive Wear Mechanisms of S235JR, S355J2, C45, AISI 304, and Hardox 500 Steels Tested Using Garnet, Corundum and Carborundum Abrasives

Szala Mirosław, Szafran Michał, Matijošius Jonas, Drozd Kazimierz

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2023

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Vol. 17, no 2

147--160

EN

Wear resistance is one of the main indicators of the reliability of machine parts. The selection of wear-resistant material should consider the operational environment and specific types of abrasive material. The steel abrasive wear resistance depends not only on its hardness and microstructure but also on the abrasive material's properties, such as hardness and particle morphology. This work aimed to determine abrasion wear mechanisms of a set of steels, i.e., S235, S355, C45, AISI 304 and Hardox 500, abraded by different types of grit i.e. garnet, corundum and carborundum. The abrasion tests were conducted using T-07 tribometer (rubber wheel method). Wear traces were examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and a contact profilometer. SEM analysis revealed that apart from Hardox 500, ploughing and microfatigue were the dominant wear mechanisms. Microcutting was the main wear mechanism for Hardox 500 tested with carborundum (SiC). The highest mass loss was usually obtained for carborundum. The lowest wear resistance in garnet and carborundum was obtained for the S235JR and S235J2 steels and Hardox 500 tested with corundum. The effect of steel microstructure on the wear mechanism has been confirmed. AISI 304 austenitic steel abraded by carborundum grit, presented outstanding roughness parameters: Ra, Rz, RSm, Rk, Rvk and Rpk than other steels tested with carborundum. Steel hardness affects the morphology of the wear trace reducing the Ra and Rz roughness parameters. The effect of abrasive hardness and grain morphology on abraded surfaces has been stated. Contrary to fine grains of the hardest carborundum, coarse garnet grains caused high roughness parameters (Rk, Rpk and Rvk) determined in wear trace.

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Abrasion Resistance of S235, S355, C45, AISI 304 and Hardox 500 Steels with Usage of Garnet, Corundum and Carborundum Abrasives

Szala Mirosław, Szafran Michał, Macek Wojciech, Marchenko Stanislav, Hejwowski Tadeusz

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2019

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Vol. 13, no 4

151--161

EN

The steel presents a wide field of application. The abrasive wear resistance of steel relies mainly on the microstructure, hardness as well as on the abrasive material properties. Moreover, the selection of a abrasion-resistant grade of steel still seems to be a crucial and unsolved problem, especially due to the fact that the actual operating conditions can be affected by the presence of different abrasive materials. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of different abrasive grit materials i.e. garnet, corundum and carborundum on the abrasive wear result of a commonly used in industry practice steels i.e. S235, S355, C45, AISI 304 and Hardox 500. The microstructure of the steel was investigated using light optical microscopy. Moreover, hardness was measured with Vickers hardness tester. Additionally, the size and morphology of the abrasive materials were characterized. The abrasion tests were conducted with the usage of T-07 tribotester (dry sand rubber wheel). The results demonstrate that the hardness and structure of steels and hardness of abrasive grids influenced the wear results. The abrasive wear behavior of steels was dominated by microscratching and microcutting wear mechanisms. The highest mass loss was obtained for garnet, corundum, and carborundum, respectively. The usage of various abrasives results in different abrasion resistance for each tested steel grade. The AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel presents an outstanding abrasive wear resistance while usage of corundum and Hardox 500 while using a garnet as abrasive material. The C45 carbon steel was less resistant than AISI 304 for all three examined abrasives. The lowest resistance to wear in garnet and carborundum was obtained for the S235JR and S355J2 ferritic-perlitic carbon steels and in corundum for Hardox 500 which has tempered martensitic structure.

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Comparative analysis of abrasive-wear resistance of Brinar and Hardox steels

Białobrzeska B., Konat Ł.

Tribologia

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2017

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nr 2

7--16

EN

One of the most important problems encountered during operation of machine parts exposed to abrasive action is their wear. In addition, these parts often work under dynamic loads, so their satisfactory ductility is also required. A combination of these apparently opposing properties is to a large degree possible in low-alloy martensitic steels containing boron. These steels are manufactured by numerous metallurgical concerns, but their nomenclature is not standardised and they appear under names given by the manufacturers, and their specifications are available in commercial information materials only. Till now, Hardox steels have been objects of great interest but, with regard to the continuous development of materials engineering, the created material database requires regular supplementation. To that end, two grades of steels from this group, Brinar 400 and Brinar 500, were subjected to comparative analysis of their abrasive-wear resistance in relation to properties of competitive grades Hardox 400 and Hardox 500. Abrasive-wear resistance tests were carriedout in laboratory conditions using a tribotester T-07. In addition, to identify the main wear mechanisms, worn surfaces of the specimens were examined with use of a scanning electron microscope.

PL

Jednym z najważniejszych problemów, na jaki napotyka się podczas eksploatacji elementów maszyn narażonych na działanie masy ściernej, jest ich zużywanie. Dodatkowo elementy te pracują często w warunkach obciążeń o charakterze dynamicznym, stąd wymaga się od nich również zadowalającej ciągliwości. Połączenie tych, na pierwszy rzut oka, przeciwstawnych właściwości było w dużej mierze możliwe w niskostopowych, martenzytycznych stalach z borem. Stale te są produkowane przez wiele koncernów hutniczych, ale nazewnictwo ich nie jest znormalizowane i występują pod nazwami nadanymi im przez producentów, a dane o nich dostępne są jedynie w materiałach komercyjnych. Do tej pory intensywnie zajmowano się stalami typu Hardox, ale w związku z ciągłym rozwojem inżynierii materiałowej stworzona baza materiałowa wymaga stałych uzupełnień. W tym celu analizie porównawczej, pod względem odporności na zużywanie ścierne, poddano kolejne dwa gatunki należące do tej grupy stali – Brinar 400 i Brinar 500, których właściwości odniesiono do konkurencyjnych stali Hardox 400 i Hardox 500. Badania odporności na zużywanie ścierne tych stali zrealizowano w warunkach laboratoryjnych za pomocą tribotestera T-07. Dodatkowo, w celu zidentyfikowana głównych mechanizmów zużywania, za pomocą elektronowego mikroskopu skaningowego (SEM) zostały przeprowadzone badania wyeksploatowanych powierzchni próbek analizowanych stali.