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Approximation models for the evaluation of TCP/AQM networks

Marek Dariusz, Domański Adam, Domańska Joanna, Szyguła Jakub, Czachórski Tadeusz, Klamka Jerzy, Filus Katarzyna

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2022

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Vol. 70, nr 4

art. no. e141986

EN

The article proposes a model in which Diffusion Approximation is used to analyse the TCP/AQM transmission mechanism in a multinode computer network. In order to prevent traffic congestion, routers implement AQM (Active Queue Management) algorithms. We investigate the influence of using RED-based AQM mechanisms and the fractional controller PIγ on the transport layer. Additionally, we examine the cases in which the TCP and the UDP flows occur and analyse their mutual influence. Both transport protocols used are independent and work simultaneously. We compare our solution with the Fluid Flow approximation, demonstrating the advantages of Diffusion Approximation.

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The IoT gateway with active queue management

Domański Adam, Domańska Joanna, Czachórski Tadeusz, Klamka Jerzy, Szyguła Jakub, Marek Dariusz

International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science

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2021

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Vol. 31, no. 1

165--178

EN

As the traffic volume from various Internet of things (IoT) networks increases significantly, the need for adapting the quality of service (QoS) mechanisms to the new Internet conditions becomes essential. We propose a QoS mechanism for the IoT gateway based on packet classification and active queue management (AQM). End devices label packets with a special packet field (type of service (ToS) for IPv4 or traffic class (TC) for IPv6) and thus classify them as priority for real-time IoT traffic and non-priority for standard IP traffic. Our AQM mechanism drops only non-priority packets and thus ensures that real-time traffic packets for critical IoT systems are not removed if the priority traffic does not exceed the maximum queue capacity. This AQM mechanism is based on the PIα controller with non-integer integration order. We use fluid flow approximation and discrete event simulation to determine the influence of the AQM policy on the packet loss probability, queue length and its variability. The impact of the long-range dependent (LRD) traffic is also considered. The obtained results show the properties of the proposed mechanism and the merits of the PIα controller.

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The use of a non-integer order PI controller with an active queue management mechanism

Domański A., Domańska J., Czachórski T., Klamka J.

International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science

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2016

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Vol. 26, no. 4

777--789

EN

In this paper the performance of a fractional order PI controller is compared with that of RED, a well-known active queue management (AQM) mechanism. The article uses fluid flow approximation and discrete-event simulation to investigate the influence of the AQM policy on the packet loss probability, the queue length and its variability. The impact of self-similar traffic is also considered.

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A RED modified weighted moving average for soft real-time application

Domańska J., Domański A., Augustyn D. R., Klamka J.

International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science

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2014

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Vol. 24, no. 3

697--707

EN

The popularity of TCP/IP has resulted in an increase in usage of best-effort networks for real-time communication. Much effort has been spent to ensure quality of service for soft real-time traffic over IP networks. The Internet Engineering Task Force has proposed some architecture components, such as Active Queue Management (AQM). The paper investigates the influence of the weighted moving average on packet waiting time reduction for an AQM mechanism: the RED algorithm. The proposed method for computing the average queue length is based on a difference equation (a recursive equation). Depending on a particular optimality criterion, proper parameters of the modified weighted moving average function can be chosen. This change will allow reducing the number of violations of timing constraints and better use of this mechanism for soft real-time transmissions. The optimization problem is solved through simulations performed in OMNeT++ and later verified experimentally on a Linux implementation.

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The choice of optimal 3-rd order polynomial packet dropping function for NLRED in the presence of self-similar traffic

Domańska J., Augustyn D., Domański A.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2012

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Vol. 60, nr 4

779-786

EN

Algorithms of queue management in IP routers determine which packet should be deleted when necessary. The article investigates the influence of the self-similarity on the optimal packet rejection probability function in a special case of NLRED queues. This paper describes another approach to the non-linear packet dropping function. We propose to use the solutions based on the polynomials with degree equals to 3. The process of obtaining the optimal dropping packets function has been presented. Our researches were carried out using the Discrete Event Simulator OMNET++. The AQM model was early verified using the discrete-time Markov chain. The obtained results show that the traffic characteristic has the great impact on the network node behavior, but self-similarity of network traffic has no influence on the choosing of the optimal dropping packet function.