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Silniki elektryczne stosowane w układach napędowych pojazdów

Glinka Tadeusz

Śląskie Wiadomości Elektryczne

2021

Nr 3 (135)

15--27

Przedstawiono silniki napędowe pojazdów elektrycznych. Najprostszym rozwiązaniem samochodu elektrycznego jest zastąpienie spalinowego układu napędowego elektrycznym układem napędowym. Do każdego pojazdu elektrycznego, prezentowanego w artykule, elektryczny silnik napędowy był opracowany w Instytucie Komel. W pojazdach drogowych są to silniki synchroniczne z magnesami trwałymi BLSM wykonane w Instytucie Komel, a w pojazdach trakcyjnych są to silniki indukcyjne klatkowe produkowane przez ZME Emit. W wózku inwalidzkim silniki są zabudowane w kołach jezdnych. Silnik do zabudowy w kołach jezdnych samochodu jest na etapie opracowania i wykonania silników modelowych.

The drive motors of electric vehicles are presented. The simplest solution for an electric car is to replace the combustion drive with an electric drive. For each electric vehicle presented in the article, an electric drive motor was developed at the Komel Institute. In road vehicles, these are synchronous permanent magnet motors BLSM manufactured at the Komel Institute, and in traction vehicles they are squirrel-cage induction motors produced by ZME Emit. In a wheelchair, the motors are built into the running wheels. The engine to be installed in the car's road wheels is at the stage of development and production of model engines.

Losses and energy efficiency of drive motors and systems. Replacement of the Sankey diagram of power decrease in the direction of power flow by a diagram of power increase oppo site to the direction of power flow opens a new perspective of research of drive motors and systems

Paszota Z.

Polish Maritime Research

2013

nr 1

3--10

Losses and energy efficiency of every drive motor must be presented as functions of physical quantities independent of losses in the motor. Such quantities are speed and load required by the machine or device driven by the motor, changing in the drive operating field. Speed and load of the motor decide of the instantaneous useful power of the motor and also in a differentiated way of kinds and values of losses occurring in the motor. However, losses and energy efficiency of the hydrostatic drive motors and systems are evaluated by researchers and manufacturers as functions of parameters depending on the losses. The basic cause of such situation is the traditional, commonly accepted but erroneous, view of the power flow in the drive motors and systems represented by the Sankey diagram of power decrease in the direction of power flow. It is necessary to replace the Sankey diagram by the proposed diagram of increase of power in the motor and in the drive system in the direction opposite to the direction of power flow. The proposed view of losses and energy efficiency should be applied to all types of motor and drive systems. The aim of this paper is showing the resulting problems of the above postulates, exemplified by operation of a rotational displacement motor in a hydrostatic drive system. In order to make possible objective evaluation of the energy behaviour of different motor and system solutions and sizes, the losses and energy efficiency should be described and compared as dependent on the motor speed coefficient ωM and load coefficient changing in the drive system operating field (0 ≤ ωM< ωMmax, 0 ≤ M< Mmax). The presented proposals open a new perspective of unavoidable research of drive motors and systems, making it possible to compare objectively the energy efficiency of different types of motors and drive systems.