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1

Laboratory study of the effects of terrestrial coastal forests on the absorption of solitary wave force

Mirzakhani Golnaz, Ghanbari-Adivi Elham, Fattahi Rohollah

Acta Geophysica

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2024

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Vol. 72, no. 1

449--465

EN

One of the beach protection techniques is using natural methods based on the coastal ecosystem. Studies show the reducing effect of forest covers on wave destruction intensity in different areas. However, it is not yet well understood how various densities of terrestrial coastal forest (TCF) affect the wave attenuation and reduce their strength. Studying the impact of various forest parameters, such as density, distance, and arrangement type on the wave force attenuation, this research measures the wave forces directly. TCF model was installed in a knife edge flume, which equipped with a load cell and an acoustic Doppler velocimeter. The experiments were performed in two staggered and parallel arrangements consisting of different densities from 12 to 273 stems per unit area. Based on obtained results, TCF had significant effects on the wave force absorption. An increase in the number of trees (density) increased TCF resistance force and the absorbed wave force. In its best, the TCF could absorb the wave force 3.76 times more than the no-TCF case. It could reduce the wave height by up to 81% at the highest density and maximum wave height. The absorbed wave force and drag coefficient rose as the number of rows of trees opposing the flow decreased and the intervals between trees were shortened. Increasing tree density from 12 to 273 stems per unit area increased the drag coefficient by the average of 61.82% for parallel and staggered arrangements, which means an average increase of 9.7% for each TCF row.

2

3D simulation of incompressible flow around a rotating turbulator: Effect of rotational and direction speed

Zoubai Elhadi, Laidoudi Houssem, Tlanbout Ismail, Makinde Oluwole Daniel

Archives of Thermodynamics

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2023

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Vol. 44, no 2

139--157

EN

This paper presents new results for the dynamic behaviour of fluid around a rotating turbulator in a channel. The turbulator has a propeller form which is placed inside a flat channel. The research was carried out using 3D numerical simulation. The rationale of the experiment was as follows: we put a propeller-turbulator inside a flat channel, and then we insert a water flow inside the channel. The turbulator rotates at a constant and uniform speed. The main points studied here are the effect of the presence of turbulator and its rotational direction on the flow behaviour behind the turbulator. The results showed that the behaviour of flow behind the turbulator is mainly related to the direction of turbulator rotating. Also, the studied parameters affect coefficients of drag force and power number. For example, when the turbulator rotates in the positive direction, the drag coefficient decreases in terms of rotational speed of the turbulator, while the drag coefficient increases in terms of rotational speed when the turbulator rotates in the negative direction.

3

Experimental study on Ahmed’s body drag coefficient

Wysocki Dominik, Szymanek Arkadiusz

Technical Sciences / University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn

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2022

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nr 25(1)

87--105

EN

The work presents an experimental designation of the aerodynamic drag coefficient for two configurations of the Ahmed body model, with slant angle of 25° and with the inactive synthetic jet generator. When analyzing the aerodynamic drag of vehicles, most authors focus on higher Reynolds numbers, describing lower values only by designated trend lines. Which is why the main contribution of this experimental work was to designate the Ahmed’s body drag coefficient for low Reynolds numbers and to verify the obtained results with other authors experiments especially with the trend lines for Reynolds number in the range 0,35x105 – 1,8x105. For data taken from the literature, it can be seen that the value of the drag coefficient for the Ahmed body model decreases when the Reynolds number increases. The results obtained during the experiment show the opposite tendency.

4

Numerical study of debris flows around bridge piers

Thai Thi Kim Chi

Roads and Bridges - Drogi i Mosty

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2022

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Vol. 21, no. 4

331--342

EN

Landslide is a natural hazard that has crucial direct impact on the socio-economic system. Among various types of landslides, debris flows are a major threat to transportation structures such as bridges in mountainous areas. Vulnerability analysis of bridges that are exposed to debris flows is an important part of risk assessment and management. In the presented study, the characteristics of debris flows around bridge piers are investigated numerically for different boundary conditions using ANSYS FLUENT software. The non-Newtonian power-law model was used to model the debris flow. Drag coefficient was also determined to quantify the vulnerability of bridge piers to debris flows with different velocities and Reynolds numbers.

PL

Osuwiska stanowią naturalne zagrożenie mające bezpośredni wpływ na środowisko, warunki społeczne i ekonomiczne. Spośród różnych typów osuwisk, spływy rumoszowe stanowią poważne zagrożenie dla konstrukcji drogowych, takich jak mosty w terenach górzystych. Analiza podatności mostów na uszkodzenia spowodowane spływem rumoszowym jest ważnym elementem oceny ryzyka i zarządzania nimi. W niniejszej pracy zbadano charakterystyki spływów rumoszowych w bezpośrednim sąsiedztwie filarów mostu, wykorzystując symulacje numeryczne, dla różnych warunków brzegowych, przy zastosowaniu oprogramowania ANSYS FLUENT. Do modelowania spływu rumoszowego użyto potęgowego modelu reologicznego cieczy nienewtonowskiej. W celu oceny ilościowej odporności filarów mostu na spływy rumoszowe charakteryzujące się różnymi prędkościami i liczbami Reynoldsa, w artykule wyznaczono także współczynnik oporu przepływu osuwiska rumoszowego.

5

Improving the operation characteristics of non-insulated overhead power lines

Kozlovskyi Oleksandr, Trushakov Dmitro, Savchenko Oleksandr, Rendzinyak Serhiy, Korud Vasyl

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2022

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R. 98, nr 2

28--32

EN

Methods of protection of wires of overhead power lines of group "anti-icing" are analyzed. The expediency of applying the winding method of protection of wires of overhead lines in operation for a long time is shown. Based on numerical simulations of the hydrodynamic problem, the degree of influence of the protective coating on the wind load of the wire is analyzed. The research results showed a decrease in the modified wire's drag coefficient with increasing wind speed.

PL

Przeanalizowano metody ochrony przewodów linii napowietrznych z grupy „przeciwoblodzeniowa”. Pokazano celowość zastosowania metody uzwojenia do ochrony przewodów linii napowietrznych eksploatowanych od dłuższego czasu. Wykorzystując symulacje numeryczne zagadnienia hydrodynamicznego analizowany jest stopień wpływu powłoki ochronnej na obciążenie żyły kabla wiatrem. Wyniki badań wykazały spadek współczynnika rezystancji zmodyfikowanej żyły wraz ze wzrostem prędkości wiatru.

6

Effects of air-sea drag coefficient on estimating wind stress using wind statistics

Myrhaug Dag, Wang Hong, Holmedal Lars Erik, Leira Bernt J.

Oceanologia

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2022

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No. 64 (3)

546--552

EN

This article addresses the effects of the air-sea drag coefficient on estimation of wind stress based on wind statistics. This is achieved by applying the same wind stress parameterizations chosen by Wrobel-Niedzwiecka et al. (2019) together with mean wind speed statistics from three locations in the North Atlantic and one location in the Northern North Sea. The expected values and the variances of the wind stress are provided. This study is complementary to that of Wrobel-Niedzwiecka et al. (2019), also demonstrating different results depending on the drag coefficient formula used.

7

Numerical analysis and optimization of a winglet sweep angle and winglet tip chord for improvement of aircraft flight performance

Al-Khafaji Ali J. Dawood, Panatov Gennady S., Boldyrev Anton S.

Diagnostyka

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2022

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Vol. 23, No. 2

art. no. 2022210

EN

In this paper, a study of the effect of winglet sweep angle and winglet tip chord of the aircraft wing on the aerodynamics performances and how to improve it are carried out, assuming Cant angle 60°, winglet height = 3.5 m, Toe angle = -5°, and Twist angle = +5°. Different sweep angles tested (-25°, -15°, 0°, +15°, +25°, +35°, and +45°) and winglet tip chord (0.25, 0.375, and 0.5 m). Four Angle of attack is presented (0°, 3°, 6°, and 9°). The aerodynamics properties of the wing were measured in terms of calculated lift to drag ratio to decide which wing has a high value of lift and lower drag. All models of a wing (eighty-four models) are drawn for 3D using the SOLIDWORKS program. Boeing 737-800 wing dimensions were used. All models of a wing were analyzed using ANSYS FLUENT. The results showed that sweep angle and winglet tip chord of the winglet by changing their configuration can improve aerodynamic performance for various attack angles. The maximum value of the lift to drag ratio was obtained with a sweep angle -15°, winglet tip chord 0.375m, and angle of attack 3°.

8

Ruch pęcherzyka w cieczach i fizykochemiczna metoda detekcji zanieczyszczeń powierzchniowo-aktywnych w wodzie

Zawała Jan, Kosior Dominik, Małysa kazimierz

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2021

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[Z] 75, 9-10

1317--1342

EN

Motion of gas bubbles in aqueous phase (either clean water or solutions of surface-active substances) is a phenomenon of great practical importance. Gas/liquid contacting is one of the most common operations in the chemical and petrochemical industry and mineral processing In particular in mineral industry, for all kind of flotation processes it is the main act responsible for the success of the entire technology As a result, properties of the liquid/gas interfaces are considered as a one of the most important parameters, determining the outcome of industrial applications and engineering processes. These properties can be modified by surfactants which adsorption (molecules accumulation) at the interfaces leads to the decrease in the interfacial tension and modification of the hydrodynamic boundary conditions. Description of a single bubble motion in wide range of flow magnitude (Reynolds numbers) is not trivial and many attempts have been undertaken to quantify a bubble behavior in liquids. This paper presents a short overview of the current “state of arts” on physics of the bubble motion in liquids and the elaborated models, describing motion of the bubble formed in liquid phase. The comparison of the theoretical models predictions with the available experimental data is presented. It is shown, moreover, that the bubble velocity can be used as a very sensitive tool for detection of organic contaminations in environmental water samples.

9

Finite Element Analysis and Experimental Study on the Thermal Resistance Characteristics of Motor Coolers

Xu Ke, Yang Jie, Tang Chuansheng, Zhao Qiang, Li Tao

Journal of Power Technologies

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2020

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Vol. 100, nr 3

279--289

EN

Motor coolers are operated with the coupling of temperature and pressure fields, in which the change rule is affected by multiple factors. In this study, the thermal resistance of the motorcooler was examined using the velocity coefficient method to reveal the influence of heat transfer and wind resistance. The temperature and pressure fields were analyzed using the finite element method based on the hydrodynamics and momentum theorem. By varying the heat transfer and wind resistance coefficients to reflect temperature and pressure characteristics, wind and water velocities were determined. Results demonstrate that the total convective heat transfer and wind resistance coefficients of the cooler model are sensitive to variations in face-to-face wind velocity, but not to those of the cooling water flow rate. When wind velocity increases from 0.8 to 5.19m/s, the total convective heat transfer increases by 1.85 times and wind resistance increases by 18.74 times. Variations in cooling water velocity has little effect on the Nusselt numberon the air side and the Euler number of the single row tube, which are multiplied with the increase of the Reynolds number. When the Reynolds number increases from 1020 to 6345, the Nusselt number increases by 2.05 times and the Euler numer decreases by 2.29 times. The results provide references for the design and performance testing of high-power motor coolers.

10

Numerical computation of low Reynolds number viscous flow past bluff bodies

Tarafder Md. Shahjada, Mursaline Miad Al

International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 25, no. 3

133--157

EN

This article presents a two-dimensional steady viscous flow simulation past circular and square cylinders at low Reynolds numbers (based on the diameter) by the finite volume method with a non-orthogonal body-fitted grid. Diffusive fluxes are discretized using central differencing scheme, and for convective fluxes upwind and central differencing schemes are blended using a ‘deferred correction’ approach. A simplified pressure correction equation is derived, and proper under-relaxation factors are used so that computational cost is reduced without adversely affecting the convergence rate. The governing equations are expressed in Cartesian velocity components and solution is carried out using the SIMPLE algorithm for collocated arrangement of variables. The mesh yielding grid-independent solution is then utilized to study, for the very first time, the effect of the Reynolds number on the separation bubble length, separation angle, and drag coefficients for both circular and square cylinders. Finally, functional relationships between the computed quantities and Reynolds number (Re) are proposed up to Re = 40. It is found that circular cylinder separation commences between Re= 6.5-6.6, and the bubble length, separation angle, total drag vary as Re, Re-0.5, Re-0.5 respectively. Extrapolated results obtained from the empirical relations for the circular cylinder show an excellent agreement with established data from the literature. For a square cylinder, the bubble length and total drag are found to vary as Re and Re-0.666, and are greater than these for a circular cylinder at a given Reynolds number. The numerical results substantiate that a square shaped cylinder is more bluff than a circular one.

11

Effect of drag coefficient formula choice on wind stress climatology in the North Atlantic and the European Arctic

Wróbel-Niedźwiecka Iwona, Drozdowska Violetta, Piskozub Jacek

Oceanologia

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2019

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No. 61 (3)

291--299

EN

Interactions between the atmosphere and the ocean determine boundary conditions for physical and biogeochemical processes in adjacent boundary layers, and the ocean surface is a complex interface where all air-sea fluxes take place and is a crucial valuable for ocean circulation and the ecosystem. We have chosen to study the differences between the relevant or most commonly used parameterizations for drag coefficient (CD) for the momentum transfer values, especially in the North Atlantic (NA) and the European Arctic (EA), using them together with realistic wind field. We studied monthly mean values of air-sea momentum flux resulting from the choice of different drag coefficient parameterizations, adapted them to momentum flux (wind stress) calculations using wind fields, sea-ice masks, as well as integrating procedures. We compared the resulting spreads in momentum flux to global values and values in the tropics, an area of prevailing low winds. We found that the spread of results stemming from the choice of drag coefficient parameterization was 14% in the Arctic, the NA and globally, but it was higher (19%) in the tropics. On monthly time scales, the differences were larger at up to 29% in the NA and 36% in the EA (in months of low winds) and even 50% locally (the area west of Spitsbergen). Comparing the values of drag coefficient from chosen parameterizations, it showed that momentum fluxes were largest for all months, in both regions with low and high winds, when the CD values increased linearly with wind speed.

12

Environmental Monitoring and Simulation of Infrasound Generating Mechanism of Traffic Flow

Grafkina Marina Vladimirovna, Nyunin Boris Nikolaevich, Sviridova Evgeniya Yurevna

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 7

90--97

EN

Ground vehicles are the main sources of noise and infrasounds in residential areas. Numerous published works are devoted to the studies of audible sound, its sources in vehicle, and development of measures to its reduction. The authors believe that the problem of infrasound occurrence and propagation in residential areas and – hence – its negative impact on humans and ambient environment is underestimated. Development of predictions and experimental methods of studying the infrasound generating mechanism and environmental monitoring of this negative factor are an urgent issue. A significant portion of acoustic emission from a vehicle comprises infrasound and low frequency range. Internal and external infrasound of vehicle were measured. A prediction model was proposed and the influence of vehicle design features on the infrasound level was estimated. Predictions of the external infrasound generating the mechanism of vehicles reveal that its frequency and level depend on driving speed, drag coefficient, vehicle body length, and Strouhal number Wheels, which execute rotation and progressive movement in airstream, are important sources of vehicle infrasound. Five wheel harmonics were calculated for motor vehicles at various driving speeds, the existing dependences are detected. It was demonstrated that the regulatory levels of infrasound can be exceeded only in residential areas adjacent to traffic flow with driving speeds higher than 80 km/h. The results of field studies of infrasound level on the streets of Moscow were presented. Recommendations on the development of environmental monitoring and main approaches to reduce infrasound in urban environment were given.

13

Investigation of flow resistance exerted by rigid emergent vegetation in open channel

D’Ippolito Antonino, Lauria Agostino, Alfonsi Giancarlo, Calomino Francesco

Acta Geophysica

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2019

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Vol. 67, no. 3

971--986

EN

The issue of the resistance to flow in open channels with vegetation has been considered by several researchers mainly experimentally, but the case of rigid emergent vegetation with linear stem arrangement is scarcely investigated. In the present work, the results are presented of an experimental investigation related to the case of rigid emergent vegetation that has been modeled by placing small rods on the bottom of a laboratory flume in aligned configuration. Tests have been executed by varying the flow rate, the bottom slope and the number and the diameter of the rods, by directly measuring the drag force exerted by the flow on a given number of rods, and the water-level profiles. A new expression has been devised for the drag coefficient as a function of the vegetation density, weakly dependent on the stem Reynolds number that allows the use of the former also in large-scale cases. The experimentally measured forces exerted by the flow on the rods have been also compared with the results obtained by applying the momentum equation in integral form to given control volumes, exhibiting a general agreement, but also showing that the use of this technique for the evaluation of the drag coefficients can give rise to not negligible errors. One of the experimental tests has been numerically simulated with the RANS technique (ReynoldsAveraged Navier–Stokes equations), and it is found that the results, mainly in terms of water-level profiles, confirm the ability of such a numerical technique in investigating this complex category of flow cases.

14

Influence of the diffuser on the drag coefficient of a solar car

Mierzejewska P., Cieśliński A., Jodko D.

Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 22, nr 2

509--519

EN

The purpose of the research was to design a solar vehicle for Bridgestone World Solar Challenge competition which takes place biannually in Australia. The article, however, presents the aerodynamic research on the car body, especially on the exit diffuser. Numerous CFD simulations of different diffuser shapes were performed in ANSYS CFX software. The paper presents the results of pressure distribution on the body and velocity contours. The drag force acting on the car body is dependent on the pressure distribution. The article includes comparison of corresponding drag coefficient values for different cases. Furthermore, the variation of the lift force depending on the shape of the bodywork was also taken into consideration. The research shows that slight differences in the construction of the exit diffuser correspond to noticeable changes in the drag coefficient values (0.138 minimum, 0.168 maximum) and significant changes in the lift force (minimum 71 N, maximum 160 N).

15

The influence of computational domain discretization on CFD results concerning aerodynamics of a vehicle

Sosnowski M.

Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics

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2018

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Vol. 17, nr 1

79--88

EN

The paper presents research concerning the influence of computational domain discretization on the results of CFD analysis. Tetrahedral and polyhedral numerical mesh types are analyzed and the mesh convergence index is calculated. The obtained results are compared to the experimental measurements concerning the estimation of drag coefficient of the vehicle model. The research carried out indicates the great influence of pre-processing on the reliability of the obtained results. Moreover, the advantages of polyhedral mesh over tetrahedral mesh are pointed out in the paper.

16

35 mm ammunition’s trajectory model identification based on firing tables

Baranowski L., Gadomski B., Majewski P., Szymonik J.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2018

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Vol. 66, nr 5

635--643

EN

The article presents a procedure designed for identification of projectile’s trajectory model through aerodynamic coefficients estimation. The identification process is based on firing tables artificially prepared (firing tables prepared using mathematical flight model for the projectile instead of trajectories recorded on field tests) with the use of modified point–mass and rigid body trajectory models. All the necessary data, including physical parameters of the projectile and its aerodynamic characteristics are provided. The detailed results of estimation of chosen aerodynamic coefficients are presented in both visual and tabular form. The main purpose of this paper is to establish the minimum number of trajectories (as characterized in firing tables), and the permissible error of initial parameters being passed to the mathematical model that would allow the correct identification of projectile’s trajectory model.

17

Experimental study of the flow around two finite square cylinders

Sohankar A., Abbasi M., Nili-Ahmadabadi M., Alam M. M., Zafar F.

Archives of Mechanics

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2018

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Vol. 70, nr 5

457--480

EN

An experimental investigation is conducted on the air flow past two wallmounted finite length side-by-side square cylinders, each of the aspect ratio AR = 7. The cylinder center-to-center spacing ratio T/d is varied from 2 to 6, where d is the side-width of the cylinder. The cylinders are placed at three incidence angles with respect to the freestream velocity, i.e. both cylinders at zero incidence angle (case I), both cylinders at 45° incidence angle (case II), and one cylinder at zero incidence angle with the other at 45° incidence angle (case III). The pressure distributions on the surfaces of the cylinders are measured at Reynolds numbers of 5.9 × 104–8.1 × 104. In addition, the flow structures are visualized in a smoke wind tunnel at the Reynolds number of 2 × 103. Depending on the flow characteristics, four flow structures are identified at the mid-height of the cylinders, namely the asymmetric flow, antiphase shedding flow, leading-edge separated flow and wedge flow. The sectional drag near the bottom is more sensitive to T/d than that near the top. The sectional drag coefficient measured at 0.5d below the mid-span can represent the surface-averaged drag coefficient on the entire cylinder.

18

Numerical analysis of the drag coefficient of a motorcycle helmet

Czyż Z., Karpiński P., Sevdim T.

Applied Computer Science

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2018

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Vol. 14, no 1

16--26

EN

The paper discusses a numerical investigation, using a CFD tool, ANSYS FLUENT, of drag acting on a motorcycle helmet. The simulations were performed on a model of a helmet downloaded from a free CAD model library. A solid model enabled us to generate a mesh, to define boundary conditions and to specify a model of turbulence. Accordingly, the values of forces acting on individual sections of the helmet were obtained and the coefficients of aerodynamic drag were calculated. The test results can be used to optimize the shape of the existing motorcycle helmet construction and to study the impact of generated drag forces on reaction forces affecting a motorcyclist’s body.

19

Analiza porównawcza współczynników oporu naddźwiękowych pocisków moździerzowych

Magier M., Merda T.

Problemy Techniki Uzbrojenia

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2016

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R. 45, z. 140

21--28

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki analizy porównawczej współczynników oporu uzyskanych na postawie wyników badań strzelaniem i symulacji numerycznych. Wyniki obliczeń numerycznych przeprowadzone metodą CFD z wykorzystaniem oprogramowania Ansys Fluent v16, posłużyły m.in. do opracowania wstępnych tabel strzelniczych dla nowoprojektowanych pocisków do moździerza RAK.

EN

Results of comparison between drag coefficients established by the firing tests and numerical simulations are presented in the paper. The results of numerical calculations carried out by CFD method, exploiting Ansys Fluent v16 software, were used to develop initial firing tables for newly designed projectiles for RAK mortar.

20

Analysis of Aerodynamic Characteristics of the Rocket-Target for the „Stinger” System

Fedaravičius A., Kilikevičius S., Survila A., Patašienė L.

Problemy Mechatroniki : uzbrojenie, lotnictwo, inżynieria bezpieczeństwa

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2016

|

Vol. 7, Nr 1 (23)

7--16

EN

This paper presents an analysis of aerodynamic characteristics of the rocket target for the final training of shooting at aerial targets by the „Stinger” system service staff. The governing equations of fluid dynamics are presented and the computational model of airflow around the rocket is developed. ANSYS CFX computational fluid dynamics software is used to compute airflow velocities, pressure, the drag force and the drag coefficient. A practical implementation of the research is presented. Taking into account the simulation results, the rocket-target was designed and manufactured.