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Gdy bogiem było Słońce - starożytne jednostki miar cz. II

Wollek A.

Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola

2009

R. 55, nr 12

1037-1040

W artykule autor zabiera czytelnika w wędrówkę po świecie antyku przedstawiając wybrane jednostki miar używane przez największe cywilizacje świata starożytnego: Sumer, Egipt, Grecję i Rzym. W pierwszej części artykułu [1] opisano prawdopodobnie pierwszy przykład wykorzystania do pomiarów skali naturalnej, którym były tokeny. W drugiej części artykułu autor przedstawił jednostki miar masy, objętości oraz związane z nimi aspekty prawne i religijne.

This part of the paper describes weight and volume units of measure. The Sumerian weight system was the most important for our civilization. It was taken by other civilizations like: Acadians, Babylonians, Assyrians and Greeks. Sumerian weight units were called (from the smallest to the biggest): še (grain), gin, mana, gun. This system was adopted by Greeks with small changes. Greeks units of weight were called: obolus, drachme, mina, talanton. The relationship between these units was constant. The value of units was changed through the time. Most important and popular were two systems: Aegean and Attica. Egyptians had his own independent units of weight: kite and deben. Deben was the basic Egyptian units of weight from the New Kingdom times (the Ramesses dynasty). Romans basic units of weight were called: libra or pondus (for that reason British pound short is lb). Sumerian volume units were: ka (or sila) and were the kinds of measured wares independent. In Egypt, Greece and Rome another units were for dry and another for liquid measure. The Egyptian units of volume were: hekat (the barrel) and henu (the jug), des (for beer), hebenet (for wine), meni (for oil). Greek basic unit for dry measure was medimnos. The biggest unit for liquid measure was metretes. Romans were taking volume units from Greeks. The basic volume unit measure in Rome was sextarius. There were many attempts of the measure unit standardization in the past. The Urnammu legal code was probably the first known us. In the Bible we have also some example of that.