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Diffraction enhancement using the double sparse dictionary method

Wang Tao, Peng Suping, Lin Peng, Cui Xiaoqin, Zhou Jiawei

Acta Geophysica

2023

Vol. 71, no. 3

1259--1271

Seismic diffraction delivers high-precision imaging of subsurface discontinuities and objects. As diffraction is characterised by weak energy, separating diffraction from full wavefields is an essential pre-imaging step. However, traditional diffraction separation methods generally produce unsatisfactory separation results for datasets with low signal-to-noise ratios. Accordingly, we propose a novel diffraction separation method that incorporates plane-wave destruction and the double sparse dictionary algorithm to improve separation quality. The plane-wave destruction method is used to suppress strong reflection, whereas the double sparse dictionary can simultaneously extract diffracted signals. A robust plane-wave destruction method using the Hilbert transform is employed to improve the stability and accuracy of slope estimation. The double sparse dictionary algorithm has better performance when sparsely representing seismic signals and can effectively extract weak diffraction with a high signal-to-noise ratio. Synthetic and field examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in removing strong reflection and enhancing weak diffraction. Overall, the proposed method is conducive to detect small structures and offers a new resource for seismic structural interpretation.