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Time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy in monitoring acute ischemic stroke patients - Case study

Kuls-Oszmaniec Aleksandra, Kacprzak Michał, Morawiec Magdalena, Sawosz Piotr, Fiszer Urszula, Leńska-Mieciek Marta

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

2024

Vol. 44, no. 1

149--160

Stroke is a leading cause of disability and death worldwide, with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) accounting for the majority of cases. Early and accurate diagnosis of AIS is crucial for improving patient outcomes. Non-invasive monitoring techniques, such as time domain near-infrared spectroscopy (tdNIRS), have shown potential for real-time monitoring of AIS patients at the bedside. However, there is a need for further research to evaluate the effectiveness of tdNIRS in the acute phase of stroke. In this study, we present the results of a case report using tdNIRS to monitor AIS patients without any additional stimulation. The tdNIRS technique allows for noninvasively assessing cerebral oxygenation in absolute units, enabling accurate measurement of changes in oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin concentrations in the brain. Our aim was to determine the feasibility of tdNIRS in monitoring AIS patients.

Time-resolved reflectometry and spectroscopy for assessment of brain perfusion and oxygenation

Liebert A., Kacprzak M., Maniewski R.

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

2007

Vol. 27, no. 1-2

217-225

Time-resolved optical methods and instrumentation for non-invasive assessment of the cerebral cortex perfusion and oxygenation are presented. The oxygenation can be calculated using the moments of the distributions of times of flight of photons measured at two wavelengths in the near infrared region. For assessment of the brain perfusion, the kinetics of the inflow and washout of an exogenous dye injected intravenously is analyzed. The instrument developed at the Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering PAS is equipped with picosecond diode lasers, fast photodetectors and time correlated single photon counting electronics for acquisition of the distributions of times of flight of photons. This technique allows for a depth-resolved estimation of the changes of absorption and, in consequence, for an assessment of the changes occurring in the cerebral cortex. Combination of the data from multiple sources and detectors placed on the surface of the head with the depth-resolved analysis based on the moments enables to obtain images of the cortex perfusion and/or oxygenation. Potential applications of the instrument and its limitations are also discussed.