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1

Iontophoresis of the eye - a computational approach

Mikołajewska Emilia, Mikołajewski Dariusz

Studia i Materiały Informatyki Stosowanej

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2023

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T. 15, nr 1

28--32

EN

ontophoresis is an effective, non-invasive method of intraocular drug delivery based on electric current. However, it has many limitations that can be addressed by effective computational models based on both machine learning (a data-driven approach) and other artificial intelligence methods and techniques. To date, computational models using AI/ML are lacking, including for the iontophoresis mechanism itself. Their wider use would help facilitate the delivery of drugs to the eye, which remains a major challenge dueto the multiple barriers in the eye. The aim of this paper is to explore the feasibility of developing a computational model for ocular iontophoresis using available AI methods and techniques.

PL

Jonoforeza jest skuteczną, nieinwazyjną metodą wewnątrzgałkowego podawania leków opartą na prądzie elektrycznym. Ma jednak wiele ograniczeń, które można rozwiązać za pomocą skutecznych modeli obliczeniowych opartych zarówno na uczeniu maszynowym (podejście oparte na danych), jak i innych metodach i technikach sztucznej inteligencji. Do tej pory brakuje modeli obliczeniowych wykorzystujących AI/ML, w tym dla samego mechanizmu jonoforezy. Ich szersze zastosowanie pomogłoby ułatwić dostarczanie leków do oczu, co pozostaje poważnym wyzwaniem ze względu na liczne bariery w oku. Celem artykułu jest zbadanie wykonalności opracowania modelu obliczeniowego dla jonoforezy ocznej przy użyciu dostępnych metod i technik sztucznej inteligencji.

2

Układy hybrydowe na bazie krzemionki i haloizytu do zastosowań środowiskowych i biomedycznych

Kurczewska Joanna

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2022

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[Z] 76, 7-8

529--550

EN

Silica and halloysite are inorganic materials of great importance in various areas of industry. Inorganic-organic hybrid systems obtained on their basis allow for the expansion of potential applications to new directions and improve their properties in the context of possible applications. Silica is characterized by good selectivity and mechanical stability. It consists of siloxane and silanol functional groups that can be functionalized with different organic units. Halloysite is an aluminosilicate clay mineral with silica and alumina sheets. It is often characterized by tubular structure, and its internal and external surfaces can be easily functionalized. Two large areas of application for hybrid materials based on silica and halloysite are environmental protection and medicine. Herein, the exemplary materials dedicated to the adsorption of impurities and drug delivery systems are presented.

3

Hydrogel microspheres containing dextran-based nanoparticles as novel anticancer drug delivery system

Kulikowska-Darłak Aleksandra, Stefanek Agata, Wasiak-Wojasińska Iga, Wiechecka-Ożdżyńska Paulina, Ciach Tomasz

Chemical and Process Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 43, nr 3

405-–417

EN

Developing an effective and safe cancer therapy could significantly reduce the number of deaths and improve the quality of life of treated patients. Nowadays medicine has developed a wide range of anticancer chemotherapeutics but at the same time there is a lack of effective drug delivery methods. Therefore, the development of the targeted drug delivery system which will selectively release drug into the cancer cells is a key challenge of modern medicine. The main aim of the presented research was to investigate the targeting effect of a drug delivery system based on the controlled release of dextran nanoparticles containing the anticancer drug – doxorubicin from the alginate microspheres coated with chitosan multilayers. During the research the physicochemical properties of the alginate microspheres and its stability in the physiological environment were investigated. Moreover, the kinetics of the nanoparticles with doxorubicin release from the alginate microspheres covered with chitosan multilayers was characterized, depending on the thickness of the chitosan layer. Further, the cytotoxicity study of the alginate microspheres covered with chitosan multilayer and containing nanoparticles was performed to determine the therapeutic effect of the released nanoparticles with doxorubicin on the HeLa cells during the in vitro cell culture.

4

Wybrane zagadnienia fizykochemii koloidów w procesach inhalacyjnego dostarczania leków do płuc

Sosnowski Tomasz R., Dobrowolska Katarzyna

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2021

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[Z] 75, 9-10

1376--1393

EN

The paper highlights selected problems of physical chemistry and dynamics of colloidal systems indispensable for the understanding and optimization of drug delivery by inhalation. Besides describing the fundamental aspects of aerosol flow and deposition in the respiratory system, some problems related to particle or droplet generation in the inhalers are discussed. In particular, the influence of liquid properties on aerosol formation in different nebulizers is demonstrated as a critical factor in successful aerosol therapy. The paper also addresses interactions between inhaled drug particles and bronchial mucus or the pulmonary surfactant, indicating another broad field of colloid and interface science application in medicine.

5

Nanocząstki magnetyczne w diagnostyce i leczeniu chorób nowotworowych

Piech Radosław, Skrzypiec Maksymilian, Drabczyk Anna

Inżynieria Materiałowa

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2021

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Vol. 42, nr 6

15--23

PL

W ostatnich latach intensywnie bada się nanocząstki magnetyczne (MNPs) pod względem użycia ich w medycynie, głównie w walce z chorobami nowotworowymi. Przy użyciu nanocząstek magnetycznych możliwe jest celowe, nieinwazyjne dostarczenie leku w miejsce kumulacji komórek rakowych za pomocą m.in. pola magnetycznego, co faworyzuje je w stosunku do klasycznych cytostatyków, które uszkadzają również zdrowe komórki i oddziałują na cały organizm. Nanocząstki magnetyczne mogą służyć również do wykrycia i zdiagnozowania chorób nowotworowych, jak również określania postępów terapii antynowotworowej. Różnorodność zastosowania nanocząstek magnetycznych sprawia, że są one postrzegane jako innowacyjny i przełomowy środek do zwalczania chorób nowotworowych. W artykule zebrano informacje na temat najpopularniejszych metod wytwarzania nanocząstek magnetycznych i ich wykorzystania w medycynie oraz poruszono kwestię biokompatybilności i toksyczności tychże struktur.

EN

Magnetic nanoparticles have attracted attention because of their properties that make it possible to use them to treat cancer through targeted therapy. By using a magnetic field to target nanoparticles containing drugs, it is possible to reach cancer cells directly and fight them in their place of growth without affecting healthy cells or the body as a whole. Magnetic nanoparticles can be used in diagnostics to detect and diagnose cancer as well as to determine the progress of anti-cancer therapy. In this paper, we mentioned the biocompatibility and toxicity of magnetic nanoparticles because their use also carries the risk of health damage which is a necessity for further research on this topic.

6

Fractal model of transdermal drug delivery

Walicka A., Iwanowska-Chomiak B.

International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 23, no. 4

989--1004

EN

Skin, separating the vital organs of a human body, is a desirable route for drug delivery. However, the intact skin is normally permeable only for drug molecules with a low molecular weight. The stratum corneum (SC), being the outermost layer of the skin and the epidermis being the second – more permeable – layer of the skin, play an essential function in transdermal drug delivery. Physical and chemical methods of skin poration are used to enhance transdermal drug delivery. Each poration leads to an irregular system of pores which are connected with a system of micro-capillaries passing through the epidermis. Both the systems by their irregularity form a fractal porous matrix. Drugs administrated by this matrix can be either suspensions and solutions or creams and gels, therefore they have to be modelled as non-Newtonian fluids. To analyse the fluid flow through the porous matrix the model of the epidermis is assumed as gobbet-andmortar with the tortuous mortar of variable thickness and after transition from the mortar to the tube one considered classical and fractal capillary flows of selected non-Newtonian fluids. Fractal expressions for the flow rate, velocity and permeability of fluids flow in a porous matrix are derived based on the fractal properties of the epidermis and capillary model. Each parameter in the proposed expressions does not contain any empirical constant and has a clear physical meaning and the proposed fractal models relate the flow properties of considered fluids with the structural parameters of the epidermis as a porous medium. The presented analytical expressions will help understand some of the physical principles of transdermal drug delivery.

7

Drug diffusion transport through human skin

Walicka A., Iwanowska-Chomiak B.

International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 23, no. 4

977--988

EN

The stratum corneum (SC) forms the outermost layer of the human skin and is essentially a multilamellar lipid milieu punctuated by protein-filled corneocytes that augment membrane integrity and significantly increase membrane tortuosity. The lipophilic character of the SC, coupled with its intrinsic tortuosity, ensure that it almost always provides the principal barrier to the entry of drug molecules into the organism. Drugs can be administered either as suspensions or as solutions and the formulation can range in complexity from a gel or and ointment to a multilayer transdermal path. In this paper, we discuss theoretical principles used to describe transdermal release and we show that relatively simple membrane transport models based on the appropriate solution to the Fick’s second law of diffusion can be used to explain drug release kinetics into such a complex biological membrane as the human skin. To apply the Fick’s law we introduced into our considerations a brick-and-mortar model with two factors of tortuosity. Assuming that the mortar thickness is variable we also introduced the hindrance factor allowing us to model this variability. Having the modified Fick’s equation we presented its general solution and two special cases of this solution frequently applicable in permeation experiments. It seems that the solutions presented herein better approximate the real conditions of drug delivery then these well known.

8

Spray drying as a method of producing silk sericin powders

Genç G., Narin G., Bayraktar E.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2009

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Vol. 37, nr 1

78-86

EN

Purpose: The purpose of paper is to analyse Spray drying as a method of producing silk sericin powders. Design/methodology/approach: Aqueous sericin solutions were used as raw material for the production of dry powders using a lab-scale spray dryer. A linear regression analysis of agglomeration was employed, in addition to experimental designs at two levels with three factors for the analysis of three responses: moisture content, particle type and agglomeration degree. The process factors were the drying air temperature (120şC and 160şC), the feed rate (1.25 × 10-7 and 2.5 × 10-7 mł/s), and the concentration of sericin solutions of 10% and 30% (w/w) fed to the spray dryer. Findings: The three responses were analyzed statistically to determine the effective parameters and it was concluded that moisture content depended on three factors--drying air temperature being the dominant parameter. Particle size and shape depended mainly on feed rate and agglomeration depended on the moisture content of the product. Practical implications: As a result of the growing interest in drug delivery through a pulmonary route for local and systemic effects, the crucial physical characteristics of the spray-dried sericin influencing the dispersion and deposition behaviour including particle size, morphology, moisture content and agglomeration degree were examined for formulation and spray drying variables. Originality/value: The most effective parameters on particle size and morphology were found to be the feed solution concentration and feed rate, while the temperature was an insignificant variable.