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1

Przyrządy dozymetryczne produkowane dla ludności po katastrofie w Czarnobylu

Karolewski Łukasz

Postępy Techniki Jądrowej

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2022

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z. 1

30--40

PL

Do czasów katastrofy w Czarnobylu praktycznie nie istniała produkcja sprzętu dozymetrycznego na potrzeby obywateli – pozostawał on wyłącznie w gestii wojska i instytucji naukowych, zwłaszcza w bloku państw komunistycznych. Dopiero po tej katastrofie nastąpił dynamiczny rozwój produkcji dozymetrów dla ludności, przede wszystkim w ZSRR i państwach powstałych po jego rozpadzie. Mierniki te można podzielić na 3 grupy: indykatory promieniowania, dozymetry i radiometry-dozymetry. Indykatory jedynie sygnalizują, czy bieżąca moc dawki promieniowania gamma jest bezpieczna w kontekście długotrwałego narażenia całego ciała oraz czy przekroczenie tego poziomu jest nieznaczne, czy też silne. Dozymetry zaś podają konkretną wartość mocy dawki promieniowania gamma. Dozymetry-radiometry są zaś przyrządami uniwersalnymi: oprócz mocy dawki promieniowania gamma mierzą też aktywność emiterów beta, zarówno na powierzchniach, jak i w produktach żywnościowych. Wspominane przyrządy wykazują bardzo duże różnice, jakości wykonania oraz parametrów użytkowych. Niektóre (głównie indykatory i proste dozymetry) charakteryzują się wręcz absurdalnymi rozwiązaniami technicznymi, inne zaś (szczególnie radiometry-dozymetry) są nadal bardzo użyteczne dla potrzeb amatorskich, oczywiście z zastrzeżeniem traktowania wyników, jako orientacyjnych.

EN

Till Chernobyl disaster there was no production of dosimetry equipment for popular use – those devices were only for scientfic and military purposes, especially in Communist Bloc. After that disaster began extensive development of production of dosimeters for population, mostly in USSR and countries left after dissolution of that Union. Those meters can be divided into three groups: radiation indicators, dosimeters and radiometers-dosimeters. Indicators only show, if current gamma ray dose rate is safe regarding to long-term irradiation of whole body and if exceeding of safe radiation level is slight or significant. Dosimeters give exact value of current gamma ray dose rate. On the other hand, dosimeters-radiometers are universal devices: measure gamma ray dose rate and also activity of beta emitters, both on surfaces and in food products. Mentioned devices exhibit differences of quality and performance characteristics. Some of them (mostly indicators and simple dosimeters) have sometimes ridiculous technical solutions, but other (especially dosimeters-radiometers) still are very usable for amateur usage, of course when treating measurement as only indicative.

2

Analysis of noise sources and selection of ear protector in a coal mine

Erol Ilknur, Su Okan

Archives of Mining Sciences

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2022

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Vol. 67, no. 3

455--476

EN

In this study, the noise sources to which a coal miner, who works at the Kurul panel of Kilimli Colliery, Zonguldak, was exposed were investigated. These sources were positioned at different points from the surface to the workface. Noise levels were measured according to the working periods of the coal miners around the machines. The results were evaluated under the Turkish Noise Regulation. The critical exposure times in which the coal miners could work without the use of personal protective equipment were examined according to the noise values to which they were exposed. In addition, the personal noise exposure values of the machine operators (boring machine, electro-hydraulic drill, and pick hammer) were determined during the development works. Two different types of noise measurements, with a microphone at the ear level and inside the ear protector, were conducted. The results obtained when the microphone of the personal dosimeter was at ear level, were found to be 15 dBA higher than those when the microphone was inside the ear protector. As a result, the selection methods of ear protectors were analyzed. Recommendations were given for those working on the risky tasks at the panel.

3

Tartrazine Solution as Dosimeter for Gamma Radiation Measurement

Gobara M., Baraka A.

International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy

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2014

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Vol. 14, iss. 1

106--117

EN

In this study, Tartrazine aqueous solution was investigated as a simple low-dose dosimeter in the range of 20-500 Gy for the high ionizing radiation, gamma ray. Gradual bleaching of Tartarzine solution was observed with dose by measuring the absorbance of Tartarzine-solutions at specified wavelength, λmax = 428 nm. Tartrazine concentration (10–4, 5 ×10–4 and 10–3 M) and solution-initial pH value (5, 7 and 9) were considered as factors affecting degree of bleaching. It was found that Tartarzine-solution color was diminished gradually with selected dose range due to breakdown of the azo bond. The rate of bleaching increases with the increase of solution-initial pH. Increase of Tartarzine-concentration causes widening of range to which solution is susceptible. The post-irradiated effect (24 hours) was found to cause more bleaching. The sensitivity of Tartrazine solution is not regular with the Tartarzine-concentration and regular with pH.

4

Zagrożenia wynikające z promieniowania UV i metoda pomiaru

Andrzejewski M., Wlazło P.

Wiadomości Elektrotechniczne

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2013

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R. 81, nr 12

24--27

PL

Przedstawiono projekt przenośnego miernika promieniowania UVA i UVB przeznaczonego do pomiarów dawki oraz natężenia promieniowania osób narażonych na długotrwałą ekspozycję światła naturalnego lub sztucznego.

EN

The paper presents a design of portable UVA and UVB radiation meter intended for measurement of radiation doses of persons exposed to prolonged natural or artificial light exposure.

5

Opracowanie mobilnego systemu pomiaru promieniowania UV do oceny indywidualnej dawki napromieniowania

Andrzejewski M., Wlazło P.

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

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2013

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Vol. 54, nr 4

101-103

PL

Przedstawiono rozwiązanie ergonomicznego i przenośnego miernika promieniowania UV, który może być stosowany w komorach naświetlających oraz na świeżym powietrzu. Omówiono energooszczędne możliwości miernika, jego tryby pracy oraz analogowe moduły pomiarowe.

EN

In the paper ergonomic and mobile UV meter has been presented. It can be used outdoors and inside radiation chamber. Energy-efficient aspects, working modes and analog meter module has been discussed.

6

Dosimetric properties of gammaand electron-irradiated commercial window glasses

Fuochi P., Corda U., Lavalle M., Kovács A., Baranyai M., Mejri A., Farah K.

Nukleonika

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2009

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Vol. 54, No. 1

39-43

EN

Two different types of window glasses have been investigated as possible routine dosimeters in the range of 1-50 kGy. Glass samples were irradiated with 3.4 MeV and 8.4 MeV electron beams and the results compared with those obtained by 60Co gamma irradiation. Due to the strong optical absorption at wavelengths ess than 310 nm, even at low doses, optical measurements were limited to the range 320-700 nm. In both types of glasses, irradiation induced two absorption bands around 410 and 600 nm the intensities of which are proportional to dose; the 600 nm band being less sensitive to radiation. These bands have been attributed to non bridging oxygen hole centres existing in two different configurations. Because of the rapid fading of the optical absorbance observed at room temperature immediately after irradiation (greater than 15% in two days), the samples underwent a post-irradiation thermal treatment (150 graduate C for 20 min) to improve the stability of absorbance. The fading characteristics of the irradiated and thermally treated glasses, kept in the dark at room temperature, were studied for several weeks. A fast decay, whose intensity depends on the type and energy of the ionizing radiation, was observed for few days after irradiation and thermal treatment, followed by a much slower decay. The results show that this kind of material could be used as routine dosimeters within a certain dose range, as long as proper calibrations are made for each batch of glass and the appropriate precautions are taken when doing calibration and performing routine dosimetry.