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Design flows for pressure sewers

Błażejewski R., Matz R.

Environment Protection Engineering

2012

Vol. 38, nr 2

157--170

Existing methods to estimate design flows of sewage in pressure mains have been compared. It was found that the number of simultaneously running identical cavity displacement (grinder) pumps (m out of n), connected to a pressure main is better described by the binomial (for n &le 30) and normal distributions (for n > 30) than by the Poisson probability distribution. A new probabilistic approach to estimate the design flow which takes into account distinguishable (not identical) sources of sewage, disposing to a pressure main, is presented. All possible states of pumps, equal to the number of variations with repetitions, are considered. The method is elaborated for small systems equipped with cavity displacement pumps which have relatively steep characteristic curves. A new formula for the peaking factor, combining averaging over time and over ensemble (number of dwellings) is also presented. The new formula can be applied for individual homes, dwellings in apartment blocks and villages, serving by cavity displacement and/or centrifugal pumps.

Use of planarian Dugesia tigrina Girard bioassay for assessing the toxicity of sterigmatocystin produced by Aspergillus versicolor Tiraboschi

Piontek M.

Environment Protection Engineering

2010

Vol. 36, nr 1

65-71

In the biomasses from 17 moulds isolated in housing buildings, a Dugesia tigrina bioassay was carried out to assess the toxicity of Aspergillus versicolor sterigmatocystin (ST) producing strains. Making use of this method it was possible to test the fungal isolates of A. versicolor coming from the naturally infested construction materials of different housing buildings. The toxicity of the extracts prepared from the biomasses was in a wide range of LC 50 starting from non-toxic through weakly toxic (100-1000 mg dm-3), medium toxic (10-100 mg dm-3), and potently toxic (1-10 mg dm-3), in the latter case 8.2 mg dm-3 air-dry biomass of A. versicolor was highly productive and synthesized more than 500 mg kg-1 ST.