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1

Geometric forms in landscape – lighthouses

Gomółka Mikołaj

Przestrzeń i Forma

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2022

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nr 49

135--156

PL

Przedmiotem badań jest potencjał latarni morskich, znajdujących się na terenie województwa zachodniopomorskiego, jako motywu przewodniego dla przebiegu szlaku rowerowego EuroVelo 10. Przebadano, z których miejsc na szlaku widać latarnie, oznaczono miejsca te miejsca, oraz zaproponowano działania, które mogłyby pomóc w polepszeniu ekspozycji latarni z perspektywy szlaku. Stwierdzono, że 6 z siedmiu badanych obiektów jest już, w jakiejkolwiek formie, widocznych ze szlaku. Uznano, że obiekty latarni morskich są już lub mogą się stać cennymi motywami przewodnimi dla trasy EuroVelo 10. Należy jednak zastanowić się w jaki sposób zachować ciągłość wrażeń wizualnych na odcinkach między latarniami.

EN

The subject of this study is the potential of lighthouses located in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship as a leitmotif for the EuroVelo 10 bicycle trail. The study examined from which places on the trail lighthouses can be seen, marked places where panoramic views of the sea open, and suggested activities that could help improve the exposure of lighthouses from the perspective of the trail. It was found that 6 of the 7 surveyed objects are already visible, in some form, from the trail. It was con cluded that lighthouse objects are already or could become valuable landmarks for EuroVelo 10 route, but it should be considered how to maintain continuity of visual experience on the sections between lighthouses.

2

Semantic aspects of architectural dominants transformation in Western Ukrainian cities in the 1940s–1950s

Isupova Mariia

Przestrzeń i Forma

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2020

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nr 43

261--268

EN

This article focuses on the semantic aspects of architectural dominants transformation in Western Ukraine in the second half of the 1940s - 1950s. On the example of cities-regional centres, such as Rivne, Lutsk and Ternopil, the so-called "socialist reconstruction", which created new dominants in the urban silhouette, embodying the Soviet ideological principles in the architectural space is examined.

3

Diversity of Vegetation Dominated by Selected Grass Species on Coal-Mine Spoil Heaps in Terms of Reclamation of Post-Industrial Areas

Błońska Agnieszka, Kompała-Bąba Agnieszka, Sierka Edyta, Bierza Wojciech, Magurno Franco, Besenyei Lynn, Ryś Karolina, Woźniak Gabriela

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 2

209--217

EN

Grasses have a considerable potential for the adaptation to various, often extreme, habitat conditions. The aim of the work was to present the vegetation diversity of the coal-mine spoil heaps with the dominant share of grasses and to identify the main factors responsible for this diversity in the aspect of post-industrial land reclamation. The communities differ in reference to the species preferences to light, moisture, soil fertility and reaction, which is reflected in the wide variety of microhabitats in the area. It was shown that the increase in the abundance of certain grass species, including Calamagrostis epigejos, Festuca rubra, Festuca arundinacea, Phragmites australis, has a significant negative impact on the species richness, species diversity and the uniformity of distribution of species of the plant community. Preliminary analyses revealed that on post-mining waste, the biomass production of the dominant species is negatively correlated with biodiversity. The knowledge about the biology and ecology of grass species, as well as on the assembly rules may be used in the reclamation of degraded areas. Gaining the knowledge about the vegetation diversity of the coal-mine spoil heaps with the dominant share of grasses can be useful in planning the reclamation works, taking into account natural processes, which leads to the creation of a permanent vegetation cover at a given site, protecting it against water or wind erosion. In the future these areas may provide a number of important ecosystem services.

4

Dominanty krajobrazowe – symbole władzy we współczesnej Polsce

Plit J., Plit F.

Prace Komisji Krajobrazu Kulturowego

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2017

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nr 35

63--73

PL

Za dominanty krajobrazu kulturowego Polski minionych wieków uznawano wieże kościołów i rezydencje magnackie, okresu industrializacji – kominy fabryczne. Po upadku komunizmu (1989) w publicystyce częste są opinie, że dominację w przestrzeni zaznaczyć chcą: Kościół katolicki oraz banki. Jednak dążą one raczej do wypełnienia przestrzeni, wznosząc liczne obiekty swej obecności, rzadziej do monumentalizmu budowli – dominant (choć są i takie, np. Świątynia Opatrzności Bożej w Warszawie, posąg Chrystusa Króla w Świebodzinie). Dominantami krajobrazowymi stały się natomiast liczne elektrownie wiatrowe oraz wieże radiowo-telewizyjnych i radiowych centrów nadawczych. Te ostatnie mogą być traktowane jak symbol władzy mediów i decentralizacji zarządzania informacją w Polsce. Przejawem decentralizacji są też – często monumentalne – gmachy instytucji samorządowych.

EN

It is considered that the landscape dominants of the past centuries were the spires of the churches and the magnate residences, while for the period of industrialisation they were constituted by the factory shafts. After the downfall of the communism (1989) frequent opinions have been formulated that it is the Catholic Church and the banks that wish to mark their domination in space. Yet, these two tend rather to fill the space, by erecting numerous objects, expressing their presence, and less often they tend towards construction of monumental buildings – the actual dominants (even though there exist such structures, like the Shrine of Divine Providence in Warsaw, or the monument of Christ the King in Świebodzin). Yet, in fact, the landscape started to be actually dominated by numerous wind power stations, as well as telecommunication and broadcasting towers. The latter structures might be considered to constitute the symbols of the power of the media and of decentralised power over information in Poland. Another expression of the decentralisation is constituted, as well, by the – frequently monumental – buildings of the territorial self-governmental institutions.

5

Linie nieba

Patoczka P.

Środowisko Mieszkaniowe

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2013

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nr 12

60--64

PL

Panoramy krajobrazu otwartego i widoki miast stanowią najbardziej syntetyczną formę zapisu krajobrazu. Pierwsze z nich ukształtowała natura, a zmiany wynikające z pokrycia terenu powoduje człowiek. W przypadku panoram miast symbolika i zdominowanie kompozycji jest dziełem myśli człowieka. Poczynając od dawnych widoków po sylwety współczesnych aglomeracji, zapisy te wiele mówią o historii i współczesności. Dlatego też, rozważanie zagadnień kształtowania i ochrony widoków panoramicznych mieści się w futurologii. Zamiarem autora jest opracowanie wskazań dotyczących „linii nieba” które nie tylko w krajobrazie otwartym, lecz także w miastach będą świadczyły o pięknie formy, bogactwie treści i użyteczności przyszłych panoram.

EN

The panoramas of open landscape and city views constitute the most synthetic form of a landscape record. Open landscape was shaped by nature, whereas city views are the result of changes caused by man. The symbolism of city panoramas and the domination of a composition is the work of man’s thought. Beginning from the older views and ending with the outlines of modern agglomerations, those records say a lot about the history and the present time. For this reason deliberation on the issues of shaping and preservation of panoramic views stays within the limits of futurology. Author’s aim is to put forward recommendations concerning ‘skylines’ which will show the beauty of the form, content richness and usefulness of future panoramas not only in open landscape but also in the cities.

6

Pieszy, kierowca, pasażer, flaneur. Percepcja dominant we współczesnej przestrzeni miejskiej

Szewczyk J. P., Żarnowiecka J. C.

Architektura Krajobrazu

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2006

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nr 1-2

49-54

EN

Global cities and mega-cities, virtual cities and post-situational cities of New Town development became abstract ideas, describing ideas impossible for individual perception, highly surpassing the perceptive abilities of man. Over-scaling urban environment over what one is able to perceive and connect into full, bears new aesthetical theories in which city tissue becomes a background, coulisse without hierarchy. Rules of aesthetic anarchy begin to rule the city perception and a system of accent, marks and dominants stops bonding urban space, because a compact picture of a city simply ceases to exist. Accents, marks and dominants become a set of non hierarchized sections of space with defined charm, climate, "city spirit", "flowers on a meadow of a city" - but do not direct, do not inform, stop being a reference system. A city dweller becomes a wanderer - flaneur, perceiving that what he wants to see, and a wander in the city becomes to be a form of not orientated meditation, devoid of direction and aim.

7

Dominanty w krajobrazie

Przyłęcki M.

Architektura Krajobrazu

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2006

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nr 1-2

4-9

EN

Landscape, its parts and individual fragments create a defined spatial composition. A very important element and a component in landscape compositions are dominants. Mountains, rocks hills, downcasts, mountain slopes and other natural creations as such are distinctive with their scale and situation in a landscape. Dominants are very often enriched by interesting historical buildings-today protected as relics of the past and objects of national heritage. Most architectonical landscape dominants apart from spatial, artistic and often historical values also have a rank and importance as a symbol. Spatial place "identificator". The carrier of identity and landscape discriminator, which sight (e.g. in a photograph, drawing or a film) without a doubt associates with a city, area, historical and geographical region or a country. It is most of all landscape dominants, terrain shape and vegetation which define the identity of a landscape and identify it on a geographical, historical and cultural account.

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Dominanty dawnej i współczesnej wsi południowo-zachodniej Polski

Niedźwiecka-Filipiak I., Borcz Z.

Architektura Krajobrazu

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2006

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nr 1-2

17-23

EN

Identification of the place in question is the most important issue for a village. There is nothing more confusing than an indistinction and chaotic pseudo-freedom which leads to the lack of orientation. One of the identifying elements both in the natural landscape and in their anthropogenic origin always were dominants. Their role in rural landscape is very important although not always appreciated, and in cases when it blemished the neighborhood, often underestimated. Traditional dominants in villages among others are: a church with a tower, often situated on a rise or in the highest place in a village, towers of distilleries, breweries or other production workshops in granges, water towers, towers of fire stations, windmills, former, brick tower transformer stations, chapels and side road crosses, single specimens of trees, whole farm sets, with remarkable, in comparison to the rest of the village, storage and farming buildings, mansions and palaces, former recreation halls distinguished by their size and arch castellated window openings, huge village ponds or empty squares in a village. The above mentioned not always are dominants. Everything depends on their surrounding which means that an element is receipted as a dominant and gives character both to the panorama and closed interiors. While situating objects where importance was to be stressed, terrain shape was used. Even a minor hill allowed a good exposition of a church, chapel or cross. Unfortunately, a new object with big cubature situated in a modern village most often takes into consideration only the functional needs of the users. Blocking vistas, dominants, gates or accents are the ideas which are avoided while designing, especially in rural areas. Impulsive actions can be noticed here, which answer only the needs of a moment. In fact it is difficult to find modern built objects in areas of a village which fulfill the expectations which were bestowed in dominants.