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Proposal of measurement and visualization methods for dominance structures in the saprobe communities

Łagód G., Chomczyńska M., Montusiewicz A., Malicki J., Bieganowski A.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2009

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Vol. 16, nr 3

369-377

EN

A large taxonomic diversification of saprobes causes difficulties in practical use of the saprobic system for biomonitoring purpose. In such a case taxonomic levels higher than species level became more popular. Methods based on biocenotic structure can be also used in bioindication. It is known that application of the Shannon biodiversity index based not only on numbers and abundances of species but also on numbers and abundances of easily identified morphological-functional groups gives the same information as saprobe measurements. Moreover, the other structural indices together with the Shannon index can be used to obtain more complete characteristics of saprobe communities. It enables more precise interpretation of biomonitoring results based on dominance structure of organism groups settled at the examined object. The obtained results of the quantitative nature can be compared with a chosen accuracy, however they are difficult to be perceived. The aim of the present work is calculating a similarity of dominance structures characterizing saprobe communities as well as presenting modified methods for visualization of these structure changes.

PL

Zróżnicowanie taksonomiczne systemu saprobów wiąże się z trudnościami w jego zastosowaniu do celów biomonitoringu. Dlatego też wprowadzenie do bioindykacji jednostek taksonomicznych wyższych rangą , gatunku oraz metod opartych na strukturze biocenotycznej staje się powszechne. Zastosowanie indeksu bioróżnorodności Shannona, bazującego nie tylko na liczbie i ilościowości gatunków, lecz również na liczbie liczebności łatwo identyfikowalnych grup morfologiczno-funkcjonalnych, jest tak samo przydatnym źródłem informacji jak pomiary saprobowości. W celu otrzymania pełniejszej charakterystyki badanego obiektu obok indeksu Shannona stosowane są także inne indeksy struktury biocenotycznej. Użycie tych indeksów umożliwia bardziej precyzyjną interpretację wyników biomonitoringu uwzględniającego strukturę dominacji. Ze względu na ilościowy charakter danych wyniki mogą być porównywane z dowolną dokładnością, jednakże lało czytelne w odbiorze. Celem prezentowanej pracy jest wyznaczenie podobieństwa struktury dominacji zbiorowisk sapsorbów i przedstawienie metod wizualizacji zmian badanych struktur.

2

Soil and litter macrofauna in shelterbelts and in adjacent croplands: changes in community structure after tree planting

Olechowicz E.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2007

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Vol. 55, nr 4

647-664

EN

Studies were carried out in the vicinity of Turew near Poznań (Western Poland) in the years 2003 and 2004 in three midfield shelterbelts of different age (150, 11, 6 years old) and along two transects across shelterbelt (6 and 11 years old) >ecotone> field at distance 15 and 50 m from the shelterbelt. The field located in deforested area was treated as the control. The studies were aimed at estimating the changes in community structure (composition, density, biomass) of soil and litter macrofauna, (mainly dipteran larvae), related to shelterbelt age both within shelterbelts as in adjoining fields. The results were compared to previous studies carried out in 1999-2000 in the same agricultural landscape. The density and biomass of soil and litter macrofauna were many times higher in shelterbelts (2824-870 ind. m[^-2] and 3782-521 mg.d.wt. m[^-2]) than in fields (483-53 ind. m[^-2] and 101-12 mg.d.wt. m[^-2]) and increased with the age of planted trees. The same was true for taxonomic richness. Ecotone zone of both transects was characterised by the greatest density and biomass of animals, mainly those of mobile epigeic animals, particularly the ants. The density and biomass values were declining in the field with the increasing distance from the shelterbelt. Across the transect of an older (10-11 years old) shelterbelt and adjacent field the density and biomass of studied animals were higher in all plots than across the younger (5-6 years old) one. It can be concluded, that the effect of the shelterbelt increases with age of planted trees. The results confirm the previous suggestions of the enhancement of the field macrofauna by forested strips. The highest similarity in taxonomic and dominance structure was found between the shelterbelts and their ecotones and they differed significantly from those in the field.

3

Community structure of soil-litter macrofauna in shelterbelt and adjacent crop field

Olechowicz E.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2004

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Vol. 52, nr 2

135-153

EN

Studies were carried out in 1999 and 2000 in the vicinity of Turew near Poznań (West Poland) and dealt with the composition, density and biomass of soil-litter macrofauna with special reference to dipteran larvae in the agricultural landscape. Sites were located on a 7-years old mid-field shelterbelt and on adjacent field with maize crop in the first and wheatcrop in the second year of study and - on 9 various patches of vegetation within the mid-field shelterbelt. Studies carried out along the transect: the shelterbelt (S) - ecotone (E) - field 10 m (F 10) - field 50 m (F 50) demonstrated a decline of: 1) animal density (10 times) and biomass (30 times) of total macrofauna and (80 times) of dipteran larvae, 2) taxonomic richness and biodiversity measured with the H` index, 3) individual weight of the entire macrofauna, of dipteran larvae,saprophagous animals and predators so that the individuals became smaller with the distance from the shelterbelt, 4) similarity of macrofauna communities in terms of composition and dominance structure, with increasing distance between plots. Close relationship was found between plant cover and soil-litter macrofauna. Species composition, density, biomass and trophic structure of soil invertebrate community depended on tree or herb species. Those soil animals and especially dipteran larvae were a sensitive indicator of small-scale habitat changes.