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1

Line segmentation of handwritten text using histograms and tensor voting

Babczyński Tomasz, Ptak Roman

International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science

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2020

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Vol. 30, no. 3

585--596

EN

There are a large number of historical documents in libraries and other archives throughout the world. Most of them are written by hand. In many cases they exist in only one specimen and are hard to reach. Digitization of such artifacts can make them available to the community. But even digitized, they remain unsearchable, and an important task is to draw the contents in the computer readable form. One of the first steps in this direction is to recognize where the lines of the text are. Computational intelligence algorithms can be used to solve this problem. In the present paper, two groups of algorithms, namely, projection-based and tensor voting-based, are compared. The performance is evaluated on a data set and with the procedure proposed by the organizers of the ICDAR 2009 competition.

2

Projection-based text line segmentation with a variable threshold

Ptak R., Żygadło B., Unold O.

International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science

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2017

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Vol. 27, no. 1

195--206

EN

Document image segmentation into text lines is one of the stages in unconstrained handwritten document recognition. This paper presents a new algorithm for text line separation in handwriting. The developed algorithm is based on a method using the projection profile. It employs thresholding, but the threshold value is variable. This permits determination of low or overlapping peaks of the graph. The proposed technique is shown to improve the recognition rate relative to traditional methods. The algorithm is robust in text line detection with respect to different text line lengths.

3

Comparison of Two Goal-Oriented Methods for the Evaluation of the Text-Line Segmentation Algorithms

Brodić D., Milivojević Z. N., Milivojević D. R.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2013

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R. 89, nr 6

66--71

EN

Text line segmentation process represents the key step in the optical character recognition. Hence, the efficiency evaluation procedure for text line segmentation algorithms is the challenge. Text line segmentation process is established by the algorithms application to the text dataset. Furthermore, two goal-oriented methods for the evaluation of the text line segmentation results based on extended errors type and binary classification are explained. The paper presents the main points of the provided analyses and results discussion. The results confirm the superiority of the extended errors type over binary classification evaluation method.

PL

Przedstawiono analizę algorytmów segmentacji linii tekstu. Analizowano dwie metody – analizy błędu i binarnej klasyfikacji. Wykazano przewagę pierwszej z tych metod.

4

Methodology for the evaluation of the algorithms for text segmentation based on errors type

Brodic D.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2012

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R. 88, nr 1b

259-263

EN

Text segmentation represents the key element in the optical character recognition process. Hence, testing procedure for text segmentation algorithms has significance importance. All previous works deal mainly with text database as a template. They are used for testing as well as for the evaluation of the text segmentation algorithm. However, because of inconsistencies in this process, some methodology for the experiments is required. In this manuscript, methodology for the evaluation of the algorithm for text segmentation based on errors type is proposed. It is established on the various multiline text samples linked with text segmentation. Final result is obtained by comparative analysis of cross linked data. At the end, its suitability for different type of scripts represents its main advantage.

PL

Segmentacja tekstu stanowi kluczowy element procesu optycznego rozpoznawania znaków. Wszystkie dotychczasowe prace dotyczą głównie bazy danych tekstu jako szablonu. Są one używane do testowania, jak i dla oceny algorytmu segmentacji tekstu. Jednak w taki, algorytmie występują nieścisłości. W pracy przedstawiono , metodologię oceny algorytmu segmentacji tekstu w oparciu o typ błędów. Badania przeprowadzono na różnych próbkach tekstu wielowierszowego. Końcowy wynik uzyskuje się poprzez analizę porównawczą danych.

5

Basic experiments set for the evaluation of the text line segmentation

Brodic D.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2010

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R. 86, nr 11a

353-357

EN

Text line segmentation represents the key point of the optical character recognition process. All previous works deal primarily with various text database as a reference for the evaluation of the text line segmentation. Due to inconsistencies in measurement and evaluation of text line segmentation algorithm quality, some basic set of test experiments is required. In this paper, basic set of exepriments for the evaluation of the algorithm’s text line segmentation is proposed. This test set consists of a few experiments primarily linked to text line segmentation. Although they are mutually independent, the obtained results are strongly cross linked. At the end, its suitability for different types of letters and languages as well as its adaptability are its main advantages.

PL

Segmentacja linii tekstu jest ważnym elementem optycznego rozpoznawania znaków. Większość dotychczasowych metod opierało się na bazach danych tekstów. Na skutek niespójności w detekcji i ocenie linii tekstu wymagane jest przeprowadzenie pewnych podstawowych testów. W artykule zaproponowano kilka eksperymentów umożliwiających ocenę algorytmów segmentacji linii tekstu. Chociaż eksperymenty są wzajemnie niezależne otrzymane rezultaty są ze sobą powiązane. Są one możliwe do zastosowania dla różnych typów liter oraz różnych języków.