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1 Inżynieria Ekologiczna

1 2002

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Przygotowanie gleb i dobór gatunków drzew w zalesieniach terenów zanieczyszczonych przez przemysł

Zwoliński J., Hawryś Z.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

2002

Nr 6

47--53

There are distinct differences in soil chemistry (pH, cation exchange capacity, organic matter and nutrient contents, concentration of heavy metals) between sites exposed to industrial air pollution, resulting mainly from their position (distance, direction) towards the emission sources, chemical properties of deposited pollutants, soil type and its previous utilization. Consequently, any schematic approach to the afforestation of above-mentioned lands is bound to fail. Agrotechnical and silvicultural measures must be adapted to the local situation, evaluated by means of soil chemical analyses, with special emphasis to the nutrient content and heavy metal contamination. For assessment of nutritional status of the soil, an index of soil quality (WZ) calculated on the basis of the values of several chemical parameters has been proposed. It can be helpful in determining of potential forest site types and optimal tree species composition of plantations, as well as in setting of proper nutrient supplementation. For improvement of soil condition of degraded sites, a complete plowing has been recommended, especially on sites strongly contaminated with heavy metals. Organic fertilizing (highmoor peat, needle litter, fragmented pine bark) is advisable in case of soils with low organic matter contents and increased pH values. Soil nutrient deficiencies, noted on most of the waste land and post-agriculture lands affected by air pollution, should be overcome by a suitable mineral fertilization. Scots pine ought to be the main forest-forming tree species at afforestation of polluted areas but with the substantial contribution of broad-leaved species. To counteract the attack of parasitic fungi, to which Scots pine is very susceptible, the appropriate agrotechnical treatments aimed at improving of soil condition, as well as application of mycorrrhized seedlings seem to be necessary.