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1

Using GIS to detect spatial inequality in primary schools in Ain Touta

Akakba Ahmed, Lahmar Belkacem

Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape

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2023

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no. 4

27--39

EN

The economic and social changes in Algerian society at the end of the 1980s and the beginning of the 1990s had a radical impact on the urban and regional dynamics and on population growth (besides rural migration) in the regional and urban networks, including cities like Ain Touta, which is considered the most prominent urban agglomeration in the region. Ain Touta was unable to keep up with development challenges, which has led to a deterioration of its education system and other public services. Moreover, the decision-makers of none of these sectors use modern technologies such as geographic information systems (GIS), spatial decision support systems (SDSS), smart cities, and E-government, which would enable them understanding the current issues from a geographical perspective, especially through measuring spatial inequality access to education services. This paper uses a GIS approach to identify spatial inequality in primary schools and measure the distribution pattern using the nearest neighbour average method, vector distribution, hotspot, and service area analyses. These analyses can be help creating a functional access and disability map to improve the local school map. The results obtained confirm the basic hypothesis, as it was found that the northern area of the city, which is the area were the immigrant population resides, is the least accessible to educational institutions. In consequence, other parts of the city have to bear the burden of supporting the northern area, and thus themselves become under-resourced.

2

Predicting Spatial Distribution of Plant Functional Traits in a Forest-Steppe Zone

Fan Shunxiang, Zhang Zhidong

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2021

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Vol. 69, nr 1

1--13

EN

We investigated the response mechanisms of plant functional traits to environmental factors at the community level in order to elucidate the adaptive and survival strategies of plants in different environmental gradients. 184 vegetation sampling plots were laid by stratified random sampling in the Saihanba region of Hebei, China. Three functional traits (leaf nitrogen content, LNC; specific leaf area, SLA; leaf dry matter content, LDMC) were measured and the community-level weighted means of the trait values were calculated by the species coverage values. Climate and terrain data were generated from the climate model ClimateAP and using ArcGIS. Finally, eight environmental factors, including climate, topographical, and soil factor, were recorded and the association with functional traits was analysed using a generalized additive model. Model testing indicated a good predictability for the SLA and LDMC while a relatively poor predictability was seen with LNC. Environmental factors that significantly impacted SLA included elevation, degree-days above 0°C, mean annual precipitation and total soil nitrogen content. In contrast, LDMC was significantly influenced by elevation, total soil nitrogen and phosphorous content while LNC was affected by elevation and degree-days above 0°C. High values of SLA and LNC were found in areas at lower elevations. The distribution of high LDMC values indicated that plant leaves have a relatively high tolerance and resistance to stress, which was better for plant to grow in the adverse environment. At the community level, clarifying plant functional traits distribution and their changes with environmental gradients is useful for the potential vegetation restoration.

3

Analiza wzrostu rzepaku ozimego w okresie zawiązywania i wypełniania łuszczyn

Spychalski B., Pietkiewicz S., Ławicki A., Adamski A., Kalaji H. M.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2018

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Vol. 19, nr 5

36--46

PL

W doświadczeniu polowym przeprowadzonym w sprzyjających warunkach pogodowych w indywidualnym gospodarstwie rolnym autora pracy analizowano dynamikę wzrostu rzepaku ozimego w okresie zawiązywania i wypełniania łuszczyn u dwóch odmian (populacyjnej Brendy i mieszańcowej Primus F1) rzepaku ozimego. Zastosowano wariant wskaźnikowej analizy wzrostu dla pojedynczej rośliny. Stwierdzono, że odmiana mieszańcowa charakteryzuje się wyższą tolerancją na występujące w trakcie zawiązywania i wypełniania łuszczyn stresy biotyczne (choroby i szkodniki) i okresową suszę (większa zdolność gromadzenia wody), ale tworzy mniejszą suchą masę oraz wcześniej traci liście. Odmiana populacyjna wytwarza więcej suchej masy, wcześnie ustalają się u niej stałe proporcje poszczególnych organów, ale jest narażona na osypanie nasion. W efekcie różnica w plonie nasion wynosi 0,4 t ha-1. Mieszańcowa hodowla rzepaku powinna zatem dążyć do wczesnego ustalenia się stałych proporcji udziału poszczególnych organów w suchej masie całej rośliny.

EN

Field experiment was conducted to analyze the growth dynamics of the oilseed rape and the filling of pods in two types (cv. Brendy population and cv. Primus F1 hybrid). The variant of quantitative growth analysis for a single plant was chosen. It was found that the hybrid variety has a higher tolerance to biotic stresses that may occur (pests and diseases) and periodic drought (increased water storage capacity). However, it created a lower dry weight and lost the leaves earlier. Population produces more dry matter, earlier it establishes a fixed proportion of each organ within, but is exposed on spill on the seeds. As a result, the difference in the yield of the seed was 0,4 t ha-1

4

Distribution patterns and habitat preferences of mountain vascular plant species in the Silesian uplands (southern Poland)

Nowak T., Urbisz A., Kapusta P., Tokarska-Guzik B.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2011

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Vol. 59, nr 2

219-234

EN

The descent of some mountain species into the lowlands is an interesting phenomenon in plant geography and ecology. The main purpose of the present study is to update the list of mountain species for the Silesian Uplands and to provide a synthesis of the knowledge accumulated to date on the habitats for their occurrence, a possible origin and their distribution patterns. In the present study, both the authors. own records and those obtained by other researchers have been used: published, unpublished and herbarium records, and assembled in a form compatible with the Atlas of distribution of vascular plants in Poland (ATPOL) in the ATPOL.Silesia database). A list of mountain species present in the study region (approximately 4000 km2) is provided in relation to their altitudinal groups. For each species, information about its affiliation to geographical elements and the type of habitats in which it has occurred is recorded. The distribution of mountain species in the Silesian Uplands has been investigated by mapping the species onto a grid of 2 x 2 km squares (1040 in total). For ATPOL squares, containing at least one mountain species (N = 647), CORINE land cover data were obtained and used in explaining the distribution of mountain species composition and richness. In the vascular flora of the Silesian Uplands 76 mountain taxa have been noted, including 2 submontane, 41 montane, 1 subalpine nd 32 multizonal species. The list of mountain species has been supplemented with Lonicera nigra and Cirsium erisithales. Many mountain species occurring in the Silesian Uplands have localities distributed throughout the whole region and thus they do not represent any particular type of range. Some species show certain patterns of distribution associated with local habitat conditions. Stands of the montane species are concentrated mainly in the western part of the Silesian Uplands, while the multizonal species are concentrated in the eastern and central part of the study area. Most of the mountain species occur in natural habitats, in particular in broadleaved woodlands, even when they have been degraded. However, some of the species prefer strongly degraded habitats, in particular sand- and clay-pits, quarries and industrial spoils which has been confirmed by multivariate (RDA) analysis. Discussing the possible origin of the mountain species in the Silesian Uplands one can consider migration routes from two directions: from the Sudety Mts. or from the Carpathian Mts. (located approximately 400 km south-west from a study area and 50.100 km south, respectively). Another possible explanation is that the species had a wider range during the glaciations and survived here in refugia.

5

SEC/ICP-MS studies of heavy metal complexes with humic substances in compost extract

Kralj P., Veber M.

Chemia Analityczna

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2007

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Vol. 52, No. 1

67-81

EN

Binding of metals to humic substances in compost extract has been studied. An instrument for size exclusion chromatography coupled on-line with diode array detector and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer was used for the studies. The above hyphenated system was optimized prior to the measurements. Continuous flow of 10 mmol L-1 trisfhydroxymethyl)aminomethane through the mass spectrometric system required the use of internal standardization method for signal correction and mixed argon-oxygen plasma to avoid interferences caused by carbon. The results of our studies have showed different distributions of the elements among molecular size fractions of humic substances in compost extract.

PL

W ekstrakcie kompostu badano wiązanie metali z substancjami humusowymi. Do badań stosowano przyrząd do chromatografii żelowej sprzężony z detektorem z matrycą diodową i spektrometrem mas z indukcyjnie sprzężoną plazmą. Ciągły przepływ roztworu 10 mmol LL-1 tris(hydroks) metylo)aminometanu przez układ spektrometru mas wymagał użycia metody normalizacji wewnętrznej do korekcji sygnału oraz mieszanej plazmy Ar-0, aby uniknąć zakłóceń powodowanych przez węgiel. Wyniki badań wykazały, że we frakcjach cząsteczek substancji humusowych o różnych wielkościach, w ekstrakcie kompostu, udział metali był różny.