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Electromagnetic analysis, efficiency map and thermal analysis of an 80-kW IPM motor with distributed and concentrated winding for electric vehicle applications

Młot Adrian, Korkosz Mariusz, Lechowicz Andrzej, Podhajecki Jerzy, Rawicki Stanisław

Archives of Electrical Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 71, nr 4

981--1002

EN

This paper presents a comparison of an AC radial flux interior permanent magnet (IPM) motor with the distributed winding (DW) and concentrated winding (CW). From time to time, manufacturers of electric vehicles change the design of electric motors, such changes may include changing the DW into CW and vice versa. A change to the winding in a radial permanent magnet synchronous motor may lead to a change in motor parameters during motor operation and /or change in the distribution of the magnetic field and thermal circuit of the electrical machine. The electromagnetic analysis, efficiency map, mechanical stress, and thermal analysis of the machine with the DW and CW are presented in this paper. This article describes the advantages and disadvantages of selected stator winding designs and helps understand manufacturers’ designers how the DW and CW play a key role in achieving the designed motor’s operational parameters such as continuous performance. Analyzing the performance of both machines will help identify their advantages and disadvantages with regard to thermal phenomena, magnetic field and operational parameters of the presented IPM prototypes. Both prototypes are based on commonly used topologies such as 12/8 (slot/pole) and 30/8 (slot/pole) IPM motors consisting of magnets arranged in a V-shape. The AC IPM motor was designed for an 80 kW propulsion system to achieve 170 N·m at a base speed of 4 500 rpm. Modern CAD tools are utilized throughout the numerical computations based on 2-D finite element methods. Selected test data are used to verify and validate the accuracy of finite element models.

2

Performance analysis and comparison of PMSM with concentrated winding and distributed winding

Qiu Hongbo, Zhang Yong, Yang Cunxiang, Yi Ran

Archives of Electrical Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 69, nr 2

303--317

EN

The concentrated winding (CW) is obviously different from the traditional distributed winding (DW) in the arrangement of windings and the calculation of winding factors, which will inevitably lead to different performances of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). In order to analyze the differences between the CW and the DW in the performance, a 3 kW, 1500 r/min PMSM is taken as an example to establish a 2-D finite element model. The correctness of the model is verified by comparing experimental data and calculated data. Firstly, the finite element method (FEM) is used to calculate the electromagnetic field of the PMSM, and the performance parameters of the PMSM are obtained. On this basis, the influences of the two winding structures on the performance are quantitatively analyzed, and the differences between the two winding structures on the performance of the PMSM will be determined. Finally, the differences of efficiency between the two winding structures are obtained. In addition, the influences of the winding structures on eddy current loss are further studied, and the mechanism of eddy current loss is revealed by studying the eddy current density. The analysis of this paper provides reference and practical value for the optimization design of the PMSM.

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Two constructions of IE4 efficiency class synchronous motors with distributed and concentrated winding

Herbst A.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Elektrotechnika

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2015

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Y. 112, iss. 1-E

57--66

EN

This paper takes into consideration two PMSM motors of size 80 with very similar efficiency and output power. In the article, design differences between a classic 4 pole/24 tooth motor with distributed winding and a 10 pole/12 tooth motor with concentrated winding are shown. Calculations and tests results are also presented for both machines.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono dwa silniki synchroniczne z magnesami trwałymi o wzniosie wału 80 mm z bardzo podobną sprawnością i mocą wyjściową. Artykuł skupia się na pokazaniu różnic między konstrukcjami silnika 4-biegunowego/24-żłobkowego z uzwojeniem rozłożonym a 10-polowego/12-żłobkowego z uzwojeniem skupionym. Przedstawiono również wyniki obliczeń oraz badań obu maszyn.

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Two Constructions of High Efficiency (Ie4 Class) Synchronous Motor: with Distributed and Concentrated Winding

Herbst A.

Maszyny Elektryczne : zeszyty problemowe

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2014

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Nr 3(103)

229--234

EN

This article describes two synchronous motors with permanent magnets (PMSM). Both have the same housing and very similar output parameters. First is a classic, four poles construction with distributed winding and standard (like for asynchronous motors) stator’s package. Second is a completely new and optimized design with concentrated winding. First part briefly describes current situation on a market of synchronous motors with rare earths magnets and also describes the way of design in each case. In the second part of the article details of both constructions as well as test results could be seen. At the end of the article conclusion is written which summaries two concepts.

5

Prąd rozruchowy silników indukcyjnych z rozdzielonymi uzwojeniami stojana

Zawilak T., Antal L., Zawilak J.

Prace Naukowe Instytutu Maszyn, Napędów i Pomiarów Elektrycznych Politechniki Wrocławskiej. Studia i Materiały

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2009

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Vol. 63, nr 29

131-142

PL

W pracy przedstawiono sposób łagodzenia procesów rozruchowych w silnikach pradu przemiennego dużej mocy. W metodzie tej zastosowano kilka trójfazowych, symetrycznych, rozdzielonych uzwojeń stojana. Podczas rozruchu czesc z nich przyłaczona jest do napiecia zasilajacego a do pozostałych przyłaczona jest bateria kondensatorów. Składowa bierna pradu rozruchowego kompensowana jest przez prady płynace w niezasilanym uzwojeniu od napiecia transformacji. Pokazano model matematyczny takiego silnika. Obliczono charakterystyki dynamiczne pradu i momentu elektromagnetycznego oraz porównano je z pomierzonymi na modelu fizycznym silnika.

EN

This paper presents a method of attenuating startup processes of high power AC motors. This method makes use of separating windings into two parallel branches. Both windings have no electrical connection, they are magnetic coupled by the main flux. Magnetic axis of all phases have the same direction. It is essential that coils of every parallel branch in the phase must be in the same magnetic condition and the back emf of every branch must be identical (back emfs must have the same amplitude and the same phase). Startup of the considered motor can be divided into two stages. During the first one, one of the windings is fed from the power network and the second winding is connected to the capacitor bank (fig. 2.a). The first winding produces rotating magnetic field with specified pole pairs. Because of the magnetic coupling between windings there is induced voltage in the second winding. Because the second circuit is closed with the bank capacitors the are currents which produce rotating field ampere turns. Via the windings separation the terminal motor impedance is greater that reduces motor starting current (fig. 5, 6a, 7a). Capacitor bank addition causes partial reactive part of starting current component compensation (fig 6b, 7b) and increases starting torque (fig. 7c). When the motor reaches under synchronous speed both windings are switched to parallel configuration. Then the second stage of startup begins (fig. 2b) and the motor has the same parameters as conventional motor.