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Polon : jego chemia i tajemnice : 125 rocznica jego odkrycia

Skwarzec Bogdan

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2023

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[Z] 77, 9-10

921--936

EN

The paper is of a review character and in historical terms, it contains an overview of research on polonium from the time of its discovery in 1898 (125 years ago) to the present time. The article contains a description of the state of knowledge about the chemistry of polonium, taking into account its physicochemical properties, as well as methods of its production and the radioactivity of its isotopes, as well as its current scientific and industrial applications. The issue of strong radiotoxicity of polonium and the dangers associated with research on it, as well as numerous example of diseases and death from its absorption into the human body, are described in detail. Despite the passage of 125 years since the discovery of polonium, it still fascinates researchers with its mysteries that have not been fully understood, revealed and explained. The sources of this peculiarity should be sought in the fact that although it is classified as a metal, it also has non-metallic properties and can form a number of different chemical compounds. Several chemical compounds of polonium have been tested, which are very easy to get into the human body, where it causes terrible havoc. Alpha particles emitted from decay of 210Po can cause damage to proteins and DNA that load to cell death or such changes in the body that consequently initiate the development of cancer. So you could say that polonium not only has a rich past, but also has an undeniably interesting future.

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Badania złóż surowców metalicznych przez Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny

Oszczepalski S., Wiszniewska J., Mikulski S.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2018

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Vol. 66, nr 9

529--541

EN

Very intensive prospecting works for metallic ores have been conducted by the PGI since the 50. of the 20th century. Strong research-prospecting teams were organized and focused on the detailed and successive recognition of different and prospective metallogenic formations in Poland. The most important was the discovery of the enormous Cu-Ag Lubin–Sieroszowice deposit of the Zechstein formationon the Fore-Sudetic Monocline made by J. Wyżykowski’s team. Also, in the 50-70. the iron prospecting finalized with documentation of a few sedimentary type deposits in central Poland. Intensive drilling works carried out in the 60-70. on the Mazury–Suwałki Elevation allowed for discovery and documentation of the Fe-Ti-V deposit in Krzemianka and Udryn, which are related to Mesoproterozoic magmatic AMCG rock complexes. Besides, in the Tajno Massif REE mineralization, hosted by carbonatites, was recognized. Moreover, in the Triassic carbonate formation of the Zawiercie region a few Zn-Pb deposits of the Mississippi Valley Type were documented in the 70-80. The intensive prospecting drilling program carried by the PGI in the 90. within the contact zone of the Małopolska and Upper Silesia blocks documented the buried Myszków Cu-Mo(-W) deposit of porphyry type and a few very prospective areas for another porphyry-type deposits along the Kraków–Lubliniec Fault Zone. In addition, the REE and/or gold resources both in the primary (hydrothermal and contact-metasomatic) and the secondary (detrital) deposits have been discoveredanddocumentedintheSudetes.Theverysuccessfulprospectiveworkscarriedout by the PGI ore geologists allowed for a strong development of the base metal mining industry which has highly influenced the Polish economy during the last 50 years.

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Wizerunek menadżera jutra w organizacji

Ciekanowski Z., Szymański Z., Załoga W.

Nowoczesne Systemy Zarządzania

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2018

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T. 13, nr 3

95--109

PL

Autorzy artykułu podjęli w nim próbę charakterystyki, jak powinien wyglądać menadżer jutra. Najpierw wskazano rolę menadżera w organizacji oraz scharakteryzowano umiejętności menadżerskie. Omówiono zasady etycznego zachowania i przedstawiono jak istotna jest rola etyki menadżera w zarządzaniu. Następnie określono wizerunek menadżera jutra wskazując, że jego prawdziwa siła będzie się przejawiać w jego zdolnościach, umiejętnościach i kreatywności rozumianej jako odkrywanie, porządkowanie oraz planowanie. Wskazano również na umiejętności i cechy menadżerów zwracając uwagę, że muszą być oni odporni na zmęczenie i zdolni do wykonywania zróżnicowanych zadań w nienormowanym czasie pracy. Ponadto menedżerowie muszą chcieć, umieć i lubić oddziaływać na innych ludzi. Powinni także umieć celowo dysponować swoimi osobistymi zasobami i używać ich na rzecz organizacji.

EN

The authors of the article attempted to characterize what the manager of tomorrow should look like. First, the manager's role in the organization was indicated and he characterized managerial skills. The principles of ethical behavior were discussed and the importance of the manager's ethical role in management was discussed. Next, the image of the manager of tomorrow was determined, indicating that his real strength would be manifested in his abilities, skills and creativity understood as discovering, organizing and planning. They also pointed to the skills and characteristics of managers, pointing out that they must be resistant to fatigue and able to perform differentiated tasks in non-standard working hours. In addition, managers must want to, be able to and enjoy interacting with other people. They should also be able to deliberately dispose of their personal resources and use them for the organization.

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Blaski i cienie sukcesu, czyli o życiu Jana Wyżykowskiego i odkryciu „wielkiej miedzi”

Wołkowicz K., Graniczny M., Wołkowicz S., Urban H.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 5

304--311

EN

After World War II, Jan Wyżykowski studied at the Faculty of Mining University in Kraków. In 1946-1948, he held summer practices in mines and at the Polish Geological Institute (PGI), which allowed him to explore the ore deposits in Lower Silesia. On January 1951, he was transferred to the PGI, where all works related to the issues of the ore exploration were gradually taken over by the Ore Department based in Kraków. In the early 1950’s, a research program for copper exploration began to crystallize in the area located north of the Old Copper Basin and north of Wroclaw. Such program was postulated by two heads of the Ore Department, R. Krajewski and A. Graniczny. A seismic profile was acquired along the Boleslawiec-Glogów line to determine the extent of the Zechstein Kupeferschiefer formation in the Fore-Sudetic area. Wyżykowski was a planner ofthe drillings along this profile. Thefirst three boreholes did not indicate the possibility of success. What is more, Wyżykowski’s research was illegal, because he drilled to a depth of 700 metres, which was about 300 metres deeper than allowed. The thesis offutility of exploration in this area started to dominate. Despite all these adversities, Wyżykowski stubbornly strove to achieve the goal. A team led by him came across economic copper ore deposits on 23 March, 1957. In the Sieroszowice IG 1 borehole, at a depth of650 m, copper mineralization of 1.4% was found in marls. The presence of rich copper mineralization was confirmed also in a nearby borehole drilled in Lubin, S-19. The history of the "great Polish copper has started”.

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60-lecie odkrycia złoża rud miedzi Lubin–Sieroszowice – nowa perspektywa

Oszczepalski S.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 5

312--320

EN

During the period of 60 years, the mining and metallurgical industry has been developed to such extent that Poland is now among the worlds’major producers ofcopper and silver. The discovery, made on 23 March 1957 by a team of specialists from the Geological Institute under the leadership of Jan Wyżykowski, was followed by the preparation of the first geological documentation of the copper deposit, containing the results ofpioneering works that laid the foundation for the knowledge of the Fore-Sudetic Monocline geology. This discovery marked the beginning of the recognition of the deposit and gave rise to further exploration for prospective areas elsewhere in SW Poland. Later studies of numerous drill cores strongly indicate that the Zechstein copper-bearing series contains a very large volume of prognostic, prospective and hypothetical resources, rimming the oxidized Rote Fäule areas also outside the Lubin-Sieroszowice Copper District. Extensive deep exploration drilling is required to verify the resource potential in several prospects. The long-term challenges demand new solutions for the mining industry of the future within the EU, to enable the reindustrialization of Europe.

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Discovering knowledge about causes of diabetes using an approach based on rough sets

Gościewska K.

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Computer Science

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2014

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Vol. 8, nr 3

23--30

EN

Diabetes is called a disease of civilization. It occurs when the blood glucose level is too high and insulin level is too low to transport glucose into cells to produce energy. If left untreated, the diabetes can lead to long-term complications causing severe damages to the human body. Therefore, it is desirable to become aware of the causes that can contribute to the development of this illness. In this paper, the rough sets approach is applied for knowledge discovery. The main goal is to obtain simple rules from the given diabetes dataset that would reveal patterns hidden in it.

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Redefinition of Decision Rules Based on the Importance of Elementary Conditions Evaluation

Sikora M.

Fundamenta Informaticae

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2013

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Vol. 123, nr 2

171--197

EN

The paper presents an algorithm of decision rules redefinition that is based on evaluation of the importance of elementary conditions occurring in induced rules. Standard and simplified (heuristic) indices of elementary condition importance evaluation are described. There is a comparison of the results obtained by both indices concerning classifiers quality and elementary condition rankings estimated by the indices. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm has been verified on 21 benchmark data sets. Moreover, an analysis of practical applications of the proposed methods for biomedical and medical data analysis is presented. The obtained results show that the redefinition reduces considerably a rule set needed to describe each decision class. Additionally, after the rule set redefinition negated elementary conditions may also occur in new rules.

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UPnP-based discovery and management of hypervisors and virtual machines

Zieliński S., Handzlik T., Lewicki T.

Computer Science

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2011

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Vol. 12

137-148

EN

The paper introduces a Universal Plug and Play based discovery and management toolkit that facilitates collaboration between cloud infrastructure providers and users. The presented tools construct a unified hierarchy of devices and their management-related services, that represents the current deployment of users' (virtual) infrastructures in the provider's (physical) infrastructure as well as the management interfaces of respective devices. The hierarchy can be used to enhance the capabilities ofthe provider's infrastructure management system. To maintain user independence, the set of management operations exposed by a particular device is always defined by the device owner (either the provider or user).

PL

Artykuł opisuje zestaw narzędzi opartych na technologii Universal Plug and Play, wspomagających współpracę pomiędzy użytkownikami i dostawcą usług w zakresie wykrywania zarządców wirtualizacji (ang. hypervisor) i maszyn wirtualnych oraz zarządzania nimi. Prezentowane narzędzia konstruują spójną, hierarchiczną reprezentację rozmieszczenia maszyn wirtualnych w infrastrukturze fizycznej, zawierającą opisy fizycznych i wirtualnych urządzeń oraz usług służących do zarządzania nimi. Struktura ta może być wykorzystana przez dostawcę usług np. w celu optymalizacji wykorzystania posiadanych mocy obliczeniowych. W celu zachowania niezależności pomiędzy użytkownikami i dostawcami infrastruktury przyjęto założenie, że zbiór usług oferowanych przez poszczególne urządzenia jest określany przez jego posiadacza.

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Searching and Reasoning with Distributed Resources in Computational Intelligence and Machine

Wojtusiak J, Chorowski J, Pietrzykowski J., Zurada J. M.

Journal of Applied Computer Science Methods

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2009

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Vol. 1 No. 2

5--19

EN

Virtual organizations (VO) are geographically distributed groups of people sharing common goals and willingness to collaborate. One of the important roles of virtual organizations is to facilitate sharing resources related to the area of collaboration. This paper presents an approach to handling resources in Computational Intelligence and Machine Learning distributed over a large number of sites. Resources are first discovered in the internet, evaluated, and then shared among users. Reasoning and adaptation methods can then be applied to best fit resources into users’ needs without a long search process.