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The effect of direct seeding on the soil resistance and the silage corn yield

Stajnko D., Janzekovic M., Brus M., Cus F.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

2009

Vol. 35, nr 2

184-190

Purpose: The paper compares the effect of five different direct seeding methods to the conventional tillage on the emerging and yield of silage corn (Zea may L.) in two different pedo-ecological conditions of Slovenia. Design/methodology/approach: A randomly selected 4x6 block designed field test was carried out; gliphosat treatment 1 week before seeding (V1), mowing+focus ultra on the whole plot 3 weeks later (V2), mowing+focus ultra in bands 3 weeks later (V3), mowing+focus ultra in bands 3 weeks later+mowing the inter-row after emergence (V4), conventional tillage (V5), focus ultra on the whole plot 3 weeks after seeding (V6). Findings: The highest emergence was on parcels with treatment V5; 98.99 % in Noršinci and 82.75 % in Pohorski dvor. The (V1) treatment influenced lowest emergence in Noršinci (82.48 %) and Pohorski dvor (63.25 %). The number of emerged seedlings affected the highest yield of fresh silage on V5 (50.590 kg ha-1 - Nošinci and 45.661 kg ha-1 - Pohorski dvor) and dry matter (20.228 kg/ha). However, there was no difference to V1 and V4. The penetrometer measurements showed the highest soil resistance (119.78 N cm-2) in Noršinci on V3 and (185.31 N cm-2) in Pohorski dvor on V4. Research limitations/implications: The experiment presented herein can be applied under similar pedo-climatical condition. Practical implications: Alternative seeding methods can reduce the fuel consumption and CO2 emission by decreasing the number of passes on the field. Originality/value: By implementing the findings from our experiments a high intensity of soil engagement and inversion of the soil by using of mouldboard plough can be omitted on the majority of sandy and silty-loam soils. On that way the energy saving-method can make an effective contribution to farmers’ economy.

Wpływ sposobu uprawy roli na aktywność enzymatyczną gleby i plon kukurydzy

Natywa M., Majchrzak Rawicka., Rawicka A.

Ekologia i Technika

2009

R. 17, nr 4

171-177

Doświadczenie zlokalizowano w ZDD w Swadzimiu należącym do Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego w Poznaniu. Badano wpływ przygotowania gleby do siewu: (uprawa tradycyjna i siew bezpośredni) i rodzaju pozostawionej biomasy (kontrola - ściernisko, słoma pszenna, wyka jara, owies, gorczyca biała) na aktywność dehydrogenaz w glebie oraz plon kukurydzy. Próbki glebowe do analiz pobierano w 5 terminach: przed siewem (próbka kontrolna), w fazie 2-3 liści, w fazie 7-8 liści, w fazie wyrzucania wiech i po zbiorze kukurydzy. Do oznaczenia aktywności dehydrogenaz zastosowano metodę Thalmanna (1968), wykorzystując jako substrat 1% roztwór TTC, po 24h czasie inkubacji w temperaturze 30 C, przy długości fali 485 nm. Dodatkowo w każdym terminie analiz oznaczano pH gleby. Stwierdzono, iż najwyższa aktywność enzymów wystąpiła latem, w fazie wyrzucania wiech kukurydzy. Płużna uprawa gleby w sposób istotny zwiększyła obsadę roślin, czego konsekwencją był wyższy plon świeżej masy ogółem kukurydzy, jak i plon kolb.

The aim of the studies was determine the impact of different soil village systems as well as conventional, direct seeding and crop residue (control- stubble, wheat straw, spring vetch, oat and white mustard) on the dehydrogenase activity in soil and maize yield. The experiment was carried out at ZDD Swadzim belong to Poznań University of Life Sciences and it included 10 experimental plots which were sown with maize. Soil samples for analyses were taken in 5 terms in the vegetation season: before sowing (control), in the phase of 2-3 leaves, in the phase of 7-8 leaves, in the phase of tasseling and after harvest of maize. For the determination of dehydrogenases activity, the Thalmann's method was applied [38]. It was found, that the highest activity of dehydrogenases was recorded in summer, in the phase of tasseling. Number of plants was significantly higher on the treatments with ploughing tillage and higher fresh matter yield of maize and cobs yield was observed on the treatment with traditional tillage.