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Borkowice – światowej klasy stanowisko paleontologiczne z tropami i kośćmi wczesnojurajskich dinozaurów

Pieńkowski Grzegorz, Niedźwiedzki Grzegprz

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2021

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Vol. 69, nr 11

716--720

EN

As part of the implementation of the Polish Geological Survey numerous and perfectly preserved dinosaur footprints were discovered in the upper Hettangian (Lower Jurassic) barrier-lagoon deposits, outcropping in the ceramic clay pit in Borkowice (Przysucha County, Poland). A large part of the specimens shows (especially visible in 3D scans) three-dimensional natural casts of dinosaur feet, on which anatomical features and impressions of the scaly skin are preserved in unusual details. These are the best-preserved traces of dinosaurs so far discovered in Poland and the quality of their preservation is equal to the best-known discoveries worldwide. In order for such a state of preservation to be possible, a very special sequence of sedimentary/taphonomic events had to take place in a very short time. The collection also includes records of ethology (behaviour) left by dinosaurs running, swimming, resting and sitting on a muddy sediment, as well as many enigmatic biogenic structures, probably related to various life activities of dinosaurs living there. So far, several hundred dinosaur tracks, representing at least seven different species of these animals have been collected and secured in Borkowice, and the prospects for new finds are much more promising. Unique bone remains of ornithischian dinosaurs preserved in the form of casts have also been found. It is necessary to act in cooperation with local authorities and the entrepreneur exploiting the clay deposits in order to secure and protect the geoheritage site.

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Dinosaur footprints from the Thaiat ridge and their palaeoenvironmental background, Jaisalmer Basin, Rajastan, India

Pieńkowski G., Brański P., Pandey D. K., Schlögl J., Alberti M., Fürsich F. T.

Volumina Jurassica

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2015

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Vol. 13, no. 1

17--26

EN

Two dinosaur footprints: Eubrontes cf. giganteus and Grallator tenuis, both attributed to theropods, have been found in the Lower Jurassic Thaiat Member of the Lathi Formation at the Thaiat ridge, near Jaisalmer in western Rajasthan, India. The footprints were left in sediments of a tidal origin, located in profile a few meters above a marked transgressive/flooding surface. They show different states of preservation – the smaller Grallator tenuis represents a well-preserved concave epirelief footprint on the upper surface of a sandstone containing nerineid gastropod shells, while the bigger Eubrontes cf. giganteus footprint shows a rare state of preservation as a positive epirelief on the top of a calcareous sandstone bed, where recent erosion exposed the footprint cast by removing the mud above and around the footprint. The Thaiat ridge section has been amended in its lower part, to indicate the marked transgressive surface. Geochemical analyses and calculated weathering indices (such as CIA) show that the hinterland climate was seasonal to semi-arid during deposition of that part of the succession.

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A Late Jurassic diverse ichnocoenosis from the siliciclastic Iouaride`ne Formation (Central High Atlas, Morocco)

Belvedere M., Mietto P., Ishigaki S.

Geological Quarterly

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2010

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Vol. 54, No 3

367-380

EN

The Late Jurassic Iouaride`ne tracksite has been studied for decades and is well-known for the reference trackway of Breviparopus taghbaloutensis. These siliciclastic flood-plain deposits bear probably more than 1500 tracks, and at least 21 trampled levels: they yield tracks of medium to very large sauropods, possible stegosaurs and theropods. The first accurate description of the footprint association made by biped trackmakers is proposed herein. More than six hundred footprints and more than a hundred trackways has been mapped and analysed; this led to the definition of four tridactyl and two tetradactyl morphotypes, mainly produced by small to very large theropods, while probable small ornithopod tracks are also present. The bipedal footprint association is dominated by medium-large theropods, which are also the most abundant type. The taxonomical attribution of the morphotypes is made difficult by the poor preservation of many specimens. Furthermore, for the most abundant theropod tracks, those with "megalosaurian" affinity, there is also a complex ichnotaxonomical situation, that makes the attributions yet more challenging; however, it was possible to recognize the great affinity of the tridactyl specimens with the Megalosauripus tracks from the Iberian Peninsula and North America. Three-dimensional models were generated from the moulds of the best-preserved specimens to render a more detailed description and for easier access to the specimens.

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Small theropod and ornithopod footprints in the Late Jurassic of Poland

Gierliński G., Niedźwiedzki G., Nowacki P.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2009

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Vol. 59, no. 2

221-234

EN

Late Jurassic material of small theropod and ornithopod dinosaur footprints are reported from the northeastern slope of the Holy cross Mountains, Poland. The ichnites occur in five lithostratigraphical units of an epicontinental basin in central Poland. Small theropod tracks, Wildeichnus isp. and Jialingpus isp., came from the Bałtów Platy Limestones, Bałtów Coral Limestones and Wierzbica Oolite and Platy Limestones. Four specimens of small ornithopod footprints, assigned to Dinehichnus isp., were found in the Błaziny Oolite Limestones and Wierzbica Oolite and Platy Limestones. a medium-sized ornithopod footprint, identified as cf. Dinehichnus isp., was discovered in the Ożarów Oolite and Platy Limestones. The described footprints from the Upper Jurassic of Poland are smaller than similar types of ichnites from other parts of the world. The Polish Late Jurassic dinosaur community probably represented a diminutive insular fauna.

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Ślady wielkich teropodów z wczesnojurajskich osadów Gór Świętokrzyskich

Niedźwiedzki G.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2006

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Vol. 54, nr 7

615-621

EN

Numerous gigantic and large theropod dinosaur footprints were recently discovered in the Lower Jurassic deposits of the Holy Cross Mountains (central Poland). These finds provide paleoichnological evidence for the occurrence of gigantic predatory dinosaurs in the earliest Jurassic (Hettangian) times. The gigantic and large theropod tracks came from two well-known lower Hettangian tracksites at Sołtykow and Gromadzice. The Sołtyków outcrop represents a siliciclastic coal-bearing lithofacies association of a fairly well-watered alluvial plain. The sequence from the Gromadzice site is dominated by typical meandering river deposits with lenticular, incised channels and overbank mudstones, rich in drifted flora and plant roots. Hitherto, twenty four specimens of gigantic theropod Eubrontes-like footprints (50–65 cm long) were found at Sołtyków tracksite. Another large theropod footprints (30–45 cm) identified at Sołtyków, resemble Kayentapus-like ichnites and classic ichnotaxa of the Newark Supergroup (i.e., Eubrontes giganteus Hitchcock, 1845 sensu Olsen et al., 1998). In the Gromadzice site, large Eubrontes giganteus, Eubrontes sp., and cf. Eubrontes sp. footprints were identified. The intriguing gigantic ichnites from Sołtyków are more similar to the large prints left by Middle–Late Jurassic theropods than to other finds from the Early Jurassic.

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Nowe znalezisko śladów dinozaurów w górnym triasie Tatr

Niedźwiedzki G.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2005

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Vol. 53, nr 5

410--413

EN

New material of dinosaur footprints has been found in the Late Triassic fluvial-lacustrine deposits of the Tatra Mountains, Poland. Footprints discovered in a well-known Rhaetian strata of the Tomanová Formation represent pedal ichnites of Kayentapus sp. and Anomoepus sp. These are the second reported record of dinosaur footprints in the Tatra Mountains.

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Enigmatic dinosaur footprints from the Lower Jurassic of Poland

Gierliński G., Niedźwiedzki G.

Geological Quarterly

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2002

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Vol. 46, No 4

467-467

EN

Three unusual dinosaur ichnites are reported from the Hettangian strata of the Holy Cross Mountains, Central Poland. The tracks are compared with similar forms from the Upper Triassic and Lower Jurassic of North America. The Polish footprints resemble Stenonyx Hitchcock (1865), a very small print presumably left by a diminutive or a baby theropod, and Atreipus Olsen and Baird (1986), a footprint suspected to be of ornithischian origin, basically known from Late Triassic deposits.