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Palynology of the deep structures of the Carpathian Foredeep (3,950–5,467 m) at the front of Carpathian overthrust, the NS-1 Borehole, SE Poland

Gedl Przemysław, Śmist Piotr, Worobiec Elżbieta

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2023

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Vol. 93, No. 4

423--445

EN

The current paper presents the results of palynological studies from deep structures at the front of the Carpathian overthrust, penetrated by the NS-1 Borehole. Both the method used and hardly accessible material from a depth of almost 5.5 km allow the presentation of new data from the Stebnik Unit, the underlying autochthonous Miocene succession, and the conglomerates that rest upon the crystalline basement. Samples collected from available cored intervals and cuttings from the lower part of the borehole provided the opportunity to study for the first time the palynological content of the strata under consideration. Samples yielded diversified material, composed of terrestrial and marine elements, commonly showing various stages of preservation. The latter indicate various origins for the material analysed, which is possibly at least partly recycled. The occurrence of this phenomenon, particularly in the Stebnik Unit and the upper part of the autochthonous Miocene sequence, confirmed also by results of earlier micropalaeontological studies, makes precise stratigraphic correlation highly debatable. The authors discuss the possibility of both Paleogene and Miocene ages for the material. Also highly debatable are the palaeoenvironmental reconstructions of this interval, although the general intense influx of terrestrial material recorded is probably responsible for the unfavourable conditions for planktonic biota. Different, optimal marine conditions can be deduced for the lower part of the autochthonous Miocene; an abundance of dinoflagellate cysts allows their precise correlation with coeval strata of the Carpathian Foredeep Basin. Palynological analysis of conglomerate matrix material gave negative results. However, this and the lithological characteristics indicate a different origin and age of these strata in comparison with other coarse-grained lithosomes, known from neighbouring areas. The generally immature state of preservation of the organic matter in the deepest part of the borehole indicates that this part of the succession was not affected by the high temperatures that would be expected at such a depth. This contrast with the much more mature palynomorphs of the overlying Stebnik Unit points to the fact that these strata were heated to a much higher degree prior to their final burial.

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Integrated biostratigraphy and palaeoenvironments of the Upper Cretaceous in the Petrich section (Central Srednogorie Zone, Bulgaria)

Pavlishina Polina, Dochev Docho, Wagreich Michael, Koukal Veronika

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2023

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Vol. 73, no. 1

33--62

EN

The Upper Cretaceous succession (Coniacian to lowermost Maastrichtian, with focus on the Campanian) at Petrich, Central Srednogorie Zone in Bulgaria, is described and calibrated stratigraphically based on nannofossils, dinoflagellate cysts and inoceramids. The following standard nannofossil zones and subzones are identified: UC10-UC11ab (middle to upper Coniacian), UC11c-UC12-UC13 (uppermost Coniacian to Santonian), UC14a (lowermost Campanian), UC14bTP-UC15cTP (lower Campanian to ‘middle’ Campanian), UC15dTP-UC15eTP (upper Campanian), UC16aTP (of Thibault et al. 2016; upper part of the upper Campanian), and UC16b (Campanian-Maastrichtian boundary). The base of the Campanian is defined by the FO of Broinsonia parca parca (Stradner) Bukry, 1969 and Calculites obscurus (Deflandre) Prins and Sissingh in Sissingh, 1977 (a morphotype with a wide central longitudinal suture). The Areoligera coronata dinoflagellate cyst Zone (upper lower Campanian to upper upper Campanian) is identified, corresponding to the UC14bTP-UC16aTP nannofossil subzones. The inoceramid assemblage indicates the ‘Inoceramus’ azerbaydjanensis-‘Inoceramus’ vorhelmensis Zone, correlated within the interval of nannofossil subzones UC15dTP-UC15eTP. The composition of the dinoflagellate cyst assemblages and palynofacies pattern suggest normal marine, oxic conditions and low nutrient availability within a distal shelf to open marine depositional environment during the Campanian.

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Cysty Dinoflagellata z górnego kampanu i najniższego mastrychtu (górna kreda) profilu środkowej Wisły : stratygrafia i paleoekologia

Nechwedowicz Mariusz

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2022

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Vol. 70, nr 10

751--760

EN

Among the rich dinoflagellate cyst assemblages recovered from the upper Campanian-lowermost Maastrichtian succession of the Middle Vistula River section (central Poland), four taxa (Callaiosphaeridium bicoronatum, Odontochitina dilatata, Oligosphaeridium araneum and Samlandia paucitabulata) have been described as new. An analysis of the distribution of particular dinoflagellate cyst taxa enabled the development of a highly resolved biostratigraphic framework, calibrated against other biozonal schemes (based, among others, on inoceramid bivalves, ammonites and belemnites), formerly established for the succession. A comparison of the Middle Vistula River record with the dinoflagellate cyst ranges documented in other European successions enabled correlations with selected sections in Belgium, the Netherlands, southern Germany and northern Italy, and with the Campanian/Maastrichtian boundary stratotype section in Tercis les Bains, southwest France. A palaeoecological analysis of the dino- flagellate cyst assemblages and of other components of phytoplankton communities revealed a well-defined trend in sea-level fluctuations (likely of eustatic origin), and palaeoclimatic changes probably related to the latest Cretaceous cooling episode, as observed elsewhere.

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The K-Pg boundary section at Nasiłów, Poland : stratigraphic reassessment based on foraminifers, dinoflagellate cysts and palaeomagnetism

Remin Zbyszek, Cyglicki Michał, Barski Marcin, Dubicka Zofia, Roszkowska-Remin Joanna

Geological Quarterly

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2021

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Vol. 65, No. 3

art. no. 45

EN

The Nasiłów section represents the uppermost part of the Middle Vistula River section, a classical Polish extra-Carpathian Cretaceous section, and gives access to the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary interval. Despite many papers that have been published so far, our newly collected data shed new light on the completeness of biostratigraphic and sedimentary records of the K-Pg at that site. The Nasiłów section encompasses the upper Maastrichtian regional XII and XIII foraminiferal assemblage zones and the lower Danian P0?-Pα standard planktonic foraminiferal zones. The K-Pg boundary is placed at the top of a phosphatic layer. The grey marly chalk unit, never before subjected to examination of biostratigraphically important taxa, displays blooms of guembelitrids pointing to the uppermost Maastrichtian (XIII foraminiferal assemblage Zone) as well as of planktonic and benthic foraminifers of a reduced test size. Such foraminiferal dwarfism is commonly observed near the end of the Cretaceous and interpreted as a response to the Deccan volcanism (possible 2nd phase) that caused climate changes and ocean acidification. The terminal Maastrichtian age of the marly chalk unit is additionally supported by an acme of the dinoflagellate cyst Palinodinium grallator, together with Tallasiphora pelagica and Disphaerogena carposphaeropsis. The “Greensand”, a distinct glauconite-quartz sand unit, contains exclusively terminal Maastrichtian planktonic foraminifers and dinoflagellate cyst assemblages. Individual specimens of Danian age are interpreted to be either an effect of contamination or were translocated down by burrowers into the Greensand. The lowermost portion of the Siwak (informal lithostratigraphic unit) demonstrates an early Danian age based on the co-occurrence of the common planktonic foraminifers Globoconusa daubjergensis, Guembelitria cretacea, Muricohedbergella monmouthensis, M. planispira, Planoheterohelix globulosa, Parvularuglobigerina extensa and P. alabamensis. The last occurrence of Palynodinium grallator and the first occurrences of Carptella cornuta and Senoniasphaera inornata, recorded directly above the phosphatic layer, support the same age assignment. The new palaeomagnetic data cannot prove remagnetization at the boundary interval, in contrast to previous research which gave support to a hiatus in the critical interval.

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The Apectodinium spp. acme as an evidence for the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum from the Polish Outer Carpathians

Cybulska Danuta, Rubinkiewicz Jacek

Geological Quarterly

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2020

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Vol. 64, No. 2

241--251

EN

Numerous Apectodinium taxa, with A. augustum, and the presence of Florentinia reichartii were found in the Bystre slice (Polish Outer Carpathians). Such abundance of Apectodinium is described for the first time in the Outer Carpathians. The occurrence of thermophilic Apectodinium taxa, with co-occurrence of Florentinia reichartii, are interpreted to be strongly related to the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM). The PETM is characterized by a notable global warming and changes in marine and terrestrial biota, such as a global dispersion of thermophilic dinoflagellates. We are also reporting a new, unrecorded section of the Hieroglyphic beds from the Jabłonka Stream.

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Dinoflagellate cyst stratigraphy of the Popiele Member and Menilite Formation in the Boryslav-Pokuttya Nappe (Aksmanice, SE Poland)

Suchocka Arleta, Barski Marcin, Bieńkowska-Wasiluk Małgorzata

Geological Quarterly

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2019

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Vol. 63, No. 3

539--557

EN

In the Paratethys Sea, isolation, the development of anoxia and stratification of the water column resulted in deposition of organic-rich sediments. In the Western Carpathians (Central Paratethys) these sediments now lie within the Menilite Formation. Whereas the Eocene-Oligocene transition has been studied in the Western Carpathians and is documented by dinoflagellate cyst assemblages, the dinoflagellate cyst stratigraphy of the Menilite Formation members has been uncertain. The Popiele Member and the Menilite Formation exposed at Aksmanice (Boryslav-Pokuttya Nappe, Western Outer Carpathians) reflect palaeogeographic changes at the beginning of the Oligocene. These previously studied deposits have been assigned to lithostratigraphic units, though without biostratigraphic documentation. The age of the Menilite Fm. in the Carpathian sedimentary succession is particularly interesting due to the diachronous character of the facies development. In this study we provide biostratigraphic data based on well-preserved organic-walled dinoflagellate cyst assemblages. The marker taxa recovered indicate a Rupelian age (Early Oligocene) for the Menilite Fm. A different assemblage occurs in the Popiele Member underlying the Menilite Fm. Here, the dinoflagellate cysts are more diverse and abundant, and represented by typical Eocene taxa attributed to Areosphaeridium spp. and Charlesdowniea spp. The Popiele Member may be assigned to the Priabonian (Late Eocene).

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The Jurassic to Palaeogene strata in the northern boundary fault zone in deep borehole PD-9 at Szczawnica, Pieniny Klippen Belt, West Carpathians, Poland : biostratigraphy and tectonic implications

Birkenmajer Krzysztof, Gedl Przemysław

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2019

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Vol. 89, No. 3

233--257

EN

The Jurassic through Palaeogene stratigraphy and tectonic structure of the PD-9 borehole at Szczawnica, Pieniny Klippen Belt, West Carpathians, Poland, is revised. The borehole was drilled in the strongly tectonized northern boundary fault zone of the Pieniny Klippen Belt, of Miocene age. Age revision is given by dinoflagellate cysts. Late Cretaceous taxa are reported from the Hałuszowa Formation. The Bryjarka Member (previously with the rank of formation) yielded rich Early Eocene (Ypresian) assemblages. Similar ones are reported from the Szczawnica Formation. A tectonic thrust sheet of the Jurassic Szlachtowa Formation (Grajcarek Unit) in the Palaeogene of the Magura Nappe is evidenced; it yielded late Toarcian-Aalenian dinoflagellate cyst assemblages. The succession of strata recorded from the PD-9 borehole shows the steep, almost vertical attitude of the Grajcarek Main Dislocation at Szczawnica, separating the structures of the Magura Nappe (to the north) and the Pieniny Klippen Belt to the south.

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Dinoflagellate cyst assemblages across the Oxfordian/Kimmeridgian boundary (Upper Jurassic) at Flodigarry, Staffin Bay, Isle of Skye, Scotland – a proposed GSSP for the base of the Kimmeridgian

Barski M.

Volumina Jurassica

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2018

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Vol. 16, no 1

51--62

EN

Examination of seven ammonite-calibrated palynological samples across the Oxfordian/Kimmeridgian boundary in the Flodigarry sections at Staffin Bay, Isle of Skye, northern Scotland, has revealed dinoflagellate cyst assemblages in general terms in line with previous contributions. The sparse occurrence of Emmetrocysta sarjeantii, Perisseiasphaeridium pannosum and Senoniasphaera jurassica slightly above the proposed Oxfordian/Kimmeridgian boundary may be used as a palynological approximation of the base of the Kimmeridgian. The high abundance of tests resembling modern zygnemataceous chlorophycean alga Spirogyra in two samples above the Oxfordian/Kimmeridgian boundary horizon is probably associated with increased eutrophication and possible association with ‟green tides”. This bloom is proposed as a palynofloral proxy event for the boundary in the Flodigarry section. According to previous studies, various eutrophication events may have a correlation potential in Subboreal Europe.

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New palynological data for Toarcian (Lower Jurassic) deep-marine sandstones of the Western Caucasus, southwestern Russia

Goryacheva A. A., Zorina S. O., Ruban D. A., Eskin A. A., Nikashin K. I., Galiullin B. M., Morozov V. P., Mikhailenko A. V., Nazarenko O. V., Zayats P. P.

Geologos

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2018

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Vol. 24, No. 2

127--136

EN

Information on Jurassic palynomorphs from the Greater Caucasus is potentially of great importance, but its availability to the international research community is severely limited. New palynological data for Toarcian deposits of the Western Caucasus are recorded in the present paper. Particularly, dinoflagellate cysts are described for the first time from the Bagovskaja Formation; palynomorphs are found in sandstone levels within this unit. The most representative assemblage includes pollen (with predominant bisaccate pollen), spores (Cyathidites being commonest), and dinoflagellate cysts amongst which the predominant taxon is Nannoceratopsis spiculata. The dinocyst assemblage implies a late Toarcian age for the upper part of the Bagovskaja Formation. On the basis of these new palynostratigraphical results, the range of the formation is extended; previously, only the lower part had been dated on ammonite evidence.

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Palynology of Lower Oligocene brown coal and lowermost Middle Miocene sand deposits from the Łukowa-4 borehole (Carpathian Foredeep, SE Poland) : implications for palaeogeographical reconstructions

Gedl P., Worobiec E., Słodkowska B.

Geological Quarterly

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2016

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Vol. 60, No. 4

943--958

EN

Brown coal and overlying sand strata from the Łukowa-4 borehole, located in the northeastern sector of the Carpathian Foredeep in Poland, were studied for palynology. These strata are underlain by Upper Eocene sands, and covered by Middle Miocene rocks. Coal beds yielded infrequent sporomorphs and freshwater algae Botryococcus. The presence of the latter indicates that these deposits accumulated in a freshwater environment whereas sporomorph assemblages point to the presence of mixed forests with a significant portion of thermophilous taxa. Age of the coal beds has been established based both on the presence of species that appear for the last time in the Early Oligocene, and on the similarity with sporomorph spectra from the Lower Oligocene of the Polish Lowlands. Overlying sands yielded marine dinoflagellate cysts, which point to a marine sedimentary setting, and frequent sporomorphs. The latter indicate the presence of mixed mesophytic forests, bush swamps, swamp forests, and riparian forests in the vicinity of lacustrine environments. Stratigraphic analysis of dinoflagellate cyst and sporomorph assemblages suggests that the sands accumulated in early stages of Miocene transgression in the Carpathian Foredeep in the latest Early–early Middle Miocene. Our climatic interpretation of the sporomorph spectra suggests that the climate during deposition of the strata was relatively warm, although less frequent thermophilous taxa recorded in the Miocene sands suggest a slightly cooler climate than that deducted from the spectra yielded by the underlying Lower Oligocene coal beds. Correlation of Lower Oligocene coal beds with neighbouring coeval marine sands suggests diverse morphological conditions in the Carpathian foreland at that time, partly covered by a sea, and partly emerged. A similar, morphologically diverse basement in the Carpathian foreland favoured accumulation of Lower Miocene phytogenic deposits. A similar stratigraphic position of both Lower Oligocene and Lower Miocene coal beds in the Carpathian Foredeep may result in a false correlation of these strata devoid of fossils, which are commonly regarded as Miocene.

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Foraminiferal and palynological organic matter records of the Upper Badenian (Middle Miocene) deposits at Anadoly (marginal part of the Ukrainian Carpathian Foredeep Basin)

Gedl P., Peryt D., Peryt T. M.

Geological Quarterly

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2016

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Vol. 60, No. 2

517--536

EN

The Badenian section of Anadoly near Kamyanets Podilskyy (Ukrainian Carpathian Foredeep Basin) consists of the Tyras Fm. (gypsum and Ratyn Limestone) and the Ternopil Mb. of the Kosiv Fm. The latter are 5.3 m thick and are composed of dark grey mudstones with limestone intercalations. This study indicates the occurrence of over 54 species of benthic foraminifers and 10 species of planktonics. Benthic foraminifera are represented mainly by calcareous forms; agglutinated tests are very rare. Planktonic foraminifera appear in the upper part of the succession studied. Five benthic foraminiferal assemblages are recognized: A (Elphidium/Lobatula/Astrononion) B (Hauerinidae), C (Cibicidoides/Lobatula), D (Porosononion) and E (Uvigerina/Bulimina). The foraminiferal record indicates deposition in a shallow subtidal environment (20 m depth) of normal marine salinity and temperate waters followed by gradual deepening of the basin to >50 m. Analysis of foraminiferal assemblages indicates that bottom waters were highly oxygenated during deposition of the lower and middle parts of the Anadoly sequence. During deposition of the upper part of the sequence the oxygenation of bottom water gradually decreased, as expressed by a large decrease in the proportion of oxic species and an increase in dysoxic ones. The same set of samples yielded low amounts of palynological organic matter represented by dominant black opaque phytoclasts; bisaccate pollen grains and dinoflagellate cysts are rare. Taxonomically impoverished assemblages of the latter consist of dominant Polysphaeridium and Cleistosphaeridium placacanthum associated with Lingulodinium machaerophorum and a few other taxa. The taxonomically richest assemblage was found in the topmost sample. These changes were interpreted as indicative for increased salinity in the surface water layer, with its maximum in the middle part of the section; the assemblage from the topmost part is characteristic for normal marine salinity.

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A new Triassic-Jurassic section in the southern part of the Holy Cross Mts. (Poland) implications for palaeogeography

Kozłowska M., Barski M., Mieszkowski R., Antoszewska A.

Geological Quarterly

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2016

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Vol. 60, No. 2

365--484

EN

Sedimentological, stratigraphical and geophysical studies across a new Triassic-Jurassic transition section in the Holy Cross Mts., Poland have revealed a large sedimentary hiatus embracing the entire latest Triassic–Early Jurassic – earliest Middle Jurassic time interval and yielded new data on the Triassic fluvial system and on Middle Jurassic shallow marine sedimentation. The presence of organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts allowed a precise age assignment of the black clay facies. Regional discussions and comparisons may be made with other areas with a similar depositional environment in Poland. For the first time a counterpart of the “Kościeliskie Beds” lithostratigraphic unit is proposed to exist in the Holy Cross Mts. area.

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Dinoflagellate cysts and palynofacies from the upper Badenian (Middle Miocene) of the Roztocze area at Józefów and Żelebsko (Carpathian Foredeep Basin, Poland) : palaeoenvironmental implications

Gedl P.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2016

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Vol. 86, No. 3

273--289

EN

The post-evaporitic upper Badenian (Middle Miocene) succession of the Roztocze (marginal zone of the Carpathian Foredeep Basin) consists of shallow-marine sands and organodetrital deposits. The latter, although predominantly coarse-grained, include very rare and usually very thin intercalations of fine-grained, loamy material. A few such clay layers were sampled for their palynological content in quarries at Józefów (Józefów and Pardysówka) and Żelebsko. The clay samples yielded palynological organic matter, in contrast to organodetrital limestone samples, which were barren. The palynofacies composition, both presence/absence of land-derived material and the specific composition of aquatic material, are useful for the palaeoenvironmental reconstructions of sedimentary settings. During late Badenian time, the sedimentary setting of the deposits studied was characteri- zed by proximity to the shoreline, which, however, supplied limited input of terrestrial matter, and by restricted marine conditions caused by increased salinity. During the latest Badenian, water salinity presumably underwent a further increase, leading to the collapse of the dinoflagellate floras. The frequent occurrence of reworked Palaeogene dinoflagellate cysts in upper Badenian samples and their absence from the uppermost Badenian indicate variable intensity of erosion of the epicontinental Palaeogene strata during the Middle Miocene at Roztocze.

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Integrated biostratigraphy of the Jurassic strata of the Wagad Uplift, Kachchh, western India

Rai J., Garg S., Gupta M., Singh A., Pandey D. K., Fürsich F. T., Alberti M., Garg R.

Volumina Jurassica

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2015

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Vol. 13, no. 2

55--80

EN

An integrated study based on calcareous nannofossils, organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts, and ammonites from the Washtawa and Kanthkot formations of the Wagad Uplift have allowed a detailed documentation of the stratigraphic position of these formations within the Oxfordian and Kimmeridgian sediments of the Kachchh Basin, western India. The nannofossil assemblages from the lower part of the Nara Shale Member exposed in the Nara and Washtawa domes, the Kanthkot Ammonite Beds along the Trambau River section, and the Patasar Shale Member exposed along the Trambau River section and the Patasar Tank section in the eastern part of the Wagad Uplift belong to the NJ 14 Cyclagelosphaera margerelli Zone of the Early Oxfordian, the NJ 15a Lotharingius sigillatus Zone of the Middle Oxfordian, and the NJ 15b Cretarhabdus conicus of Early Kimmeridgian age, respectively. Zonation schemes, based on calcareous nannofossils, dinoflagellate cysts, and ammonites were calibrated highlighting their biostratigraphic potential. These studies may represent a reference biochronology for Oxfordian–Kimmeridgian age strata applicable to the Tethyan realm of which India was a part during Late Jurassic times.

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Early?–Middle Jurassic dinoflagellate cysts and foraminifera from the dark shale of the Pieniny Klippen Belt between Jarabina and Litmanová (Slovakia) : age and palaeoenvironment

Gedl P., Józsa Š.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2015

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Vol. 85, No. 1

91--122

EN

The results presented are a part of the biostratigraphical and palaeoenvironmental studies of the authors on the microfauna and organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts from the Mesozoic dark deposits of the Pieniny Klippen Belt. The authors present the latest results from the Lower–Middle Jurassic strata, including the Szlachtowa and the Skrzypny Shale formations in the Slovak part of the Pieniny Klippen Belt near the villages of Jarabina, Kamienka and Litmanová. Material for the present study comes from exposures along the Malý Lipník, Veľký Lipník and Riečka Streams, and from the Jar-1 borehole, near Jarabina. The authors document the microfaunal and phytoplanctonic content of these rocks that contain over 50 foraminifera and 20 dinoflagellate cyst species. Their Middle Toarcian?–Aalenian to Bajocian–Bathonian ages are proposed and discussed. Quantitative and qualitative variations of both microfossil groups are interpreted as reflecting various sedimentary settings, related mainly to the variable intensity of influx of terrestrial matter into marine basins, leading to different bottom-water living conditions.

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Dinoflagellate cysts from the Palaeogene of the Łukowa-4 borehole (Carpathian Foredeep, SE Poland) : biostratigraphy and palaeoenvironment

Gedl P.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2015

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Vol. 85, No. 1

285--308

EN

This paper documents the presence of Eocene marine strata in the Carpathian Foredeep area in Poland. Assemblages of marine dinoflagellate cysts have been found in sands penetrated by the Łukowa-4 borehole below the Miocene succession of the foredeep. Their age is interpreted as Late Eocene. The presence of marine strata of this age in this area sheds new light on the palaeogeography of the Carpathian foreland during the Late Eocene. The dinoflagellate cysts described are compared with coeval Carpathian and epicontinental assemblages; possible connections between these two basins are discussed. Phytogenetic deposits that occur above the marine sands of the Łukowa-4 borehole contain freshwater palynomorphs, indicating their swamp and lacustrine origins. The overlying sand contains impoverished dinoflagellate cyst assemblages; their age is discussed.

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Integrated stratigraphy of the Oxfordian global stratotype section and point (GSSP) candidate in the Subalpine Basin (SE France)

Pellenard P., Fortwengler D., Marchand D., Thierry J., Bartolini A., Boulila S., Collin P., Enay R., Galbrun B., Gardin S., Huault V., Huret E., Martinez M., Smith C.

Volumina Jurassica

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2014

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Vol. 12, no. 1

1--44

EN

An integrated biostratigraphic approach, based on ammonites, calcareous nannofossils, dinoflagellates, combined with sedimentology, carbon-isotope and physical stratigraphy, is proposed for the Subalpine Basin (Thuoux and Saint-Pierre d’Argençon sections). Within the expanded marl deposits of the Terres Noires Fm., the Callovian-Oxfordian boundary is particularly well defined by ammonite taxa from different families (i.e. Cardioceratidae, Oppeliidae, Aspidoceratidae and Perisphinctidae), calcareous nannoplankton (first occurrence of large-sized Stephanolithion bigotii) and dinoflagellate cysts (first occurrence of Wanaea fimbriata). This precise biostratigraphy and diversity of ammonites permit long-range correlations with Boreal and Pacific domains. The exceptional outcrop conditions and continuous sedimentation allow high-resolution chemostratigraphy and cyclostratigraphy to be used. Variations of the δ13C record (1.5‰ increase during the Lamberti Zone), consistent with data from other sections of the Subalpine Basin and with the Paris Basin, provide additional markers to characterise the Callovian-Oxfordian boundary. Promising results from cyclostratigraphy should serve to constrain the duration of biostratigraphic units and thus improve the Late Jurassic Geologic Time Scale. Comparisons are made with the two other candidates for an Oxfordian GSSP, Redcliff Point (UK) and Dubki (Russian Platform). Finally, the advantages of the Subalpine Basin sections support the proposal of Thuoux as a suitable GSSP candidate for the base of the Oxfordian Stage

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Foraminiferal and palynological records of the Late Badenian (Middle Miocene) transgression in Podolia (Shchyrets near Lviv, western Ukraine)

Peryt D., Gedl P., Peryt T. M.

Geological Quarterly

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2014

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Vol. 58, No. 3

465--484

EN

The Upper Badenian marly shales overlying gypsum and the Ratyn Limestone at Shchyrets, Ukraine, contain moderately to well-preserved benthic (calcareous only) and planktonic foraminifers, and palynofacies dominated by bisaccate pollen grains, presumably transported by wind. Both foraminiferal and dinoflagellate cyst assemblages indicate an open marine environment with normal-marine salinity and cool waters. The palaeodepth was ca. 50 m except for the uppermost part of the section studied, where a distinctive deepening is indicated by the dominance of Uvigerina in benthic foraminiferal assemblages and a high P/B ratio. The water was thermally stratified and the differences between the bottom water and the water column show an upwards-increasing trend. Bulimina and Globocassidulina are the most common and dominant component of benthic foraminiferal assemblages, except for the uppermost part where Uvigerina dominates the assemblage. The composition of benthic foraminifer assemblages and δ13C values of foraminifers indicate nutrient-rich waters and mesotrophic to eutrotrophic environments in surface waters, and low oxygenation at the sea floor in the Ukrainian Carpathian Foredeep Basin during the Late Badenian.

19

Eocene dinoflagellate cysts from the Sołokija Graben (Roztocze, SE Poland)

Gedl P.

Geological Quarterly

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2014

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Vol. 58, No. 4

707–-728

EN

The Sołokija Graben is a tectonic structure in Roztocze, the south-eastern Poland, unique by its infill with the Eocene marine strata. The over 40 metres thick sandy succession is the only well-dated palaeontologically trace of Eocene marine transgression at Roztocze being virtually the only remains of the Eocene epicontinental sea in this part of Poland: the surrounding area is devoid of coeval marine strata, which were eroded. This makes the Sołokija Graben succession crucial for the palaeogeography reconstruction of the south-eastern Poland during Eocene as well as the tectonic history of this region. For its precise age determination, the over 30-m-thick succession of loamy sands that fill the Sołokija Graben in a borehole at Leliszka and a 4-m-thick one at Łaszczówka were sampled for dinoflagellate cysts. Samples from Łaszczówka are barren, whereas the ones from Leliszka contain rich and taxonomically diverse assemblages. Their biostratigraphical interpretation confirms previous results suggesting the Bartonian age of the most of the Sołokija Graben succession; the postulated Priabonian age of its non-calcareous part was documented in its uppermost part only. Palynological record allows reconstruction of sedimentary setting of the Leliszka succession. Basal part of the Bartonian was deposited in a shallow but relatively vast marine basin characterized by normal salinity and high energetic hydrodynamic conditions. Subsequently, marine basin underwent gradual shallowing and temporal cease of sedimentation. During the late Bartonian basin became brackish. A short-lasting early Priabonian marine basin was characterized by shallow marine conditions; it became brackish during its final stage. Comparison with neighbouring Eocene deposits of the epicontinental and Carpathian basins shows that the marine basin at Roztocze was presumably connected with both during Bartonian, and separated from the Carpathian one during early Priabonian. Factors controlling seaways pattern of the Roztocze basin were either eustatics and substratum tectonic movements, the former dominating during Bartonian, and interfingering with uplift of the Meta-Carpathian Swell during early Priabonian.

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Origin of the palaeokarst in Miocene evaporites on the SW periphery of the Eastern European Platform in the light of palynological studies : a case study of the Zoloushka Cave, Bukovina, Western Ukraine

Andreychouk V., Worobiec E., Gedl P., Worobiec G.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2014

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Vol. 84, No. 4

297--322

EN

The Zoloushka Cave belongs to a group of the largest gypsum caves in Western Ukraine (Bukovina region), developed in the middle Miocene (upper Badenian) evaporite series (Tyras Formation) on the SW periphery of the East European Platform. It is developed in the lower part of the evaporite series composed of gypsum, which is covered by a carbonate layer (Ratyn Limestone). The uneven upper surface of the gypsum at the contact with the limestone, the frequent occurrence of palaeokarst forms, and the presence of karstified fissures filled with allochthonous material indicate a sedimentation break between the gypsum and the overlying limestone. To support this thesis and to add new data on the age and palaeoenvironmental conditions of palaeokarst formation in the Bukovina region, palynological studies were carried out on material from the Zoloushka Cave. Palynofacies, sporomorphs and dinoflagellate cysts were studied. In total, over 70 sporomorph taxa and over 25 dinoflagellate cyst taxa have been identified in four samples collected from the filling of the palaeokarstic forms in the cave. The results of the analysis of sporomorphs and dinoflagellate cysts point to the formation of the palaeokarst during the sedimentation break that took place at the end of the late Badenian evaporitic cycle in the Western Ukraine region. The subsequent marine transgression led to the filling of the karst forms in gypsum with chemogenic carbonate material, precipitated from marine water (draperies) and with fine-grained, clastic material (pockets and fissures).