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Wpływ na stan wody w Brynicy zrzutu ścieków i wód dołowych

Girczys J., Sobik-Szołtysek J.

Inżynieria i Ochrona Środowiska

2003

T. 6, nr 3/4

441-453

Rzeka Brynica w swoim górnym biegu uległa w wyniku antropopresji silnym przeobrażeniom. W prezentowanej publikacji poddano analizie przyczyny i zakres tych przemian. Wskazano na zmianę ilości prowadzonych wód, spowodowaną ujęciem wody pitnej ze zbiornika wybudowanego na 28 km rzeki. Równocześnie poddano analizie skutki jakościowe i ilościowe zrzutów wód z kopalń węgla kamiennego i górnictwa rud Zn-Pb. Wskazano na możliwość poprawy parametrów jakości wody w wyniku doprowadzenia spoza zlewni Brynicy dodatkowej ilości dobrze oczyszczonych ścieków. Wykazano, że komponowanie dołowych wód górnictwa i ścieków może doprowadzić do uzyskania korzystniejszych parametrów w połączonych zrzutach niż w każdym z nich indywidualnie

The river Brynica, in its headwaters, was subject to severe alterations as a result of anthropopressure. The paper analyses the causes and scope of these changes. It has been pointed at the change of the amount of carried water resulting from drinkable water intake constructed at the 28-th kilometre of the river. At the same time, the qualitative and quantitative consequences of the discharge of coal - and Zn-Pb ore mines water were analysed. It has been pointed at the possibility of improvement of the quality parameters of water in consequence of conveying an additional volume of the well-cleaned sewage from outside of the Brynica river basin. It has been shown that the process of composing the mining - discharged and sewage water can result in obtaining more advantageous parameters in the combined water discharge as compared to each of them taken individually. The observations of the Brynica have shown that at the section of Piekary Śląskie only 3% of its water does not come from technological discharges. The water supply of this river is mainly composed of municipal sewage discharges with various degrees of purification, and of water coming from already liquidated or being liquidated ore and coal mines. The underground waters from zinc - lead ore mines are characterised by excess values of heavy metals and sulphates, and their current inflow to the Brynica, being 0.495 m3/s, constitutes 47% of its flow after discharging. On the other hand, the inflow from coal mines contains, first of all, high concentrations of chlorides and sulphates. Specific for both inflows is a low level of other pollutants that are typical for municipal sewage, such as BOD5, COD, nitrogen and phosphorus. Diluting such water with well - cleaned municipal sewage fed from outside the Brynica river basin may result in the stabilisation of all the quality parameters at a satisfactory level. The proposed hydrotechnical intervention will result in a reduction of sulphate content by 17%, and zinc by 12%, as compared to the current condition. It should be stressed at the same time, that the cleaned waste water delivered in the volume of about 0,3 m3/s will ensure the river a minimum flow, which can be disturbed by the planned changes of the water drainage system of liquidated coal mines. This will result in directing the water hitherto supplying the Brynica into the Oder river basin.