Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Non-regulated emissions and particle number emissions of two passenger cars with diesel-butanol blends

Engelmann Danilo, Comte Pierre, Czerwinski Jan, Renz Stephan, Bonsack Peter

Combustion Engines

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2020

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R. 59, nr 4

29--38

EN

Biofuels represent one of the alternatives to obtain the CO2 - neutral propulsion of IC-engines. Butanol, which can be produced from biomass, is considered and was investigated in the last years due to the very advantageous characteristics of this alternative fuel. Butanol can be easily and irreversibly blended both with light (gasoline) and heavier (diesel) fuels. Comparing with ethanol it has the advantages of: higher calorific value, lower hygroscopicity and lower corrosivity. It can replace the aviation fuels. This paper presents the emission results obtained on two diesel passenger cars with different technology (Euro 2 and Euro 6c) and with addition of butanol to diesel fuel, as a part of the research project DiBut (diesel and butanol). Interesting results are given about some non-legislated (non-regulated) components, acetaldehyde (MeCHO) and formaldehyde (HCHO) and about the PN-emissions with/without DPF.

2

DPF retrofit program in Israel – effects of diesel particle filters on performance of in-use buses

Tartakovsky L., Fleischmann R.

Combustion Engines

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2017

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R. 56, nr 3

176--178

EN

A long service life of heavy-duty diesel vehicles results in a large number of older-technology trucks and buses of various types running on roads nowadays. Cleaning up exhaust gases of these older vehicles gives an opportunity to improve air quality at affordable costs. Retrofitting older buses with diesel particulate filters (DPF) is a cost-effective measure to quickly and efficiently reduce particulate matter (PM) emissions and contribute to mitigation of air pollution in urban conglomerates. In this paper, the milestones on a way to wide-scale retrofitting of heavy-duty vehicles with DPF are discussed on the example of Israel DPF retrofit program. Crucial importance of a balanced governmental approach combining regulation and economic incentives, together with collaboration of government, academia and vehicle operators, is underlined. Main results of the one-year pilot project focused on urban and intercity buses are discussed. Impact of DPF retrofitting on particulate emissions and engine performance and maintenance aspects of in-use diesel buses is analyzed. Very high particle filtration efficiency (in average, about 97%) together with relatively low fuel economy penalty (0.6–1.8%, depending on the bus type) are proved. Vital importance of careful monitoring and correct maintenance of DPF-equipped vehicles is underlined.

3

Influences of biocomponents (RME) on regenerations of diesel particle filters

Czerwinski J., Stepien Z., Oleksiak S., Andersen O.

Journal of KONES

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2011

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Vol. 18, No. 4

65-75

EN

The fatty acid methyl esters (FAME's) - in Europe mostly RME *) (Rapeseed methyl ester; Abbreviations see at the end of this paper) - are used in several countries as alternative biogenic Diesel fuels in various blending ratios with fossil fuels (Bxx). Questions arise often about the influences of these biocomponents on the modern exhaust after-treatment systems and especially on the regeneration of Diesel particle filters (DPF). In the present work different regeneration procedures of DPF systems were investigated with biofuels B0, B20 & B100. The tested regeneration procedures were: - passive regenerations: DOC + CSF; CSF alone, - active regenerations: standstill burner; fuel injections & DOC. During each regeneration on-line measurements of limited and unlimited emission components (nanoparticles & FTIR) was conducted. It can be stated that the increased portion of RME in fuel provokes longer time periods to charge the filter with soot. This is due to the lower PM-emissions of the engine, as well as to the higher reactivity and higher SOF-portion of the particle mass from RME. With the passive regeneration system with stronger catalytic activity (DOC + CSF) there is a stronger NO2-production with B100 and due to the NO2-supported oxidation of PM the balance point temperature is approx. 20 centigrade lower, than with B0. For the active regenerations the time courses of emissions and temperatures are closely connected with the chosen regeneration strategy - switching, timing and intensity (of burner, or fuel aerosol generator). A higher portion of biocomponent causes usually a stronger break-down of the instantaneous DPF filtration efficiency during the regeneration procedure - this is an effect of stronger artifact of spontaneous condensation after DPF. In summary there is no negative short term effect of bio-blended-fuels on the investigated regeneration procedures. Some recommendations for a successful long term operation, basing on other works and literature are given at the end of the paper.

4

The life-cycle-assessment of combined bio- and fossil fuel blends with exhaust after-treatment in heavy-duty diesel engines

Gilpin G., Andersen O., Czerwiński J.

Prace Naukowe Instytutu Nafty i Gazu

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2010

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nr 172

123-131

EN

The implementation of various international directives for the promotion of biofuels, and new exhaust after-treatment systems aim to reduce the environmental burden of the transport sector. Though what are the real environmental benefits associated with combining blended bio-and fossil diesels with modern exhaust after-treatment systems in heavy transport? This paper disseminates selected parts of a larger EEA funded project known under the acronym BIODEG, and seeks to assess the green-house-gas (GHG) emissions from the inclusion of bio-components into fuel in diesel engines with selective catalytic reduction (SCR) - and diesel particle filter (DPF). Based on existing data, and new step-test exhaust emissions data collected by the Laboratory for Exhaust Emission Control (AFHB) at the University College of Biel Switzerland, life-cycle-assessment (LCA) methodology is applied to calculate the changes in greenhouse gas emissions for heavy-duty diesel engines using rape-methyl-ester (RME) biodiesel and low-sulphur-diesel (LSD) with blending ratios; B0, B7, B20, B30, and B100, and various configurations of SCR and DPF. Preliminary results indicate decreases in life-cycle GHG emissions associated with the inclusion of biodiesel; B100 representing the largest decrease. Though, relative to the individual bio- and fossil diesel blending ratios, the inclusion of SCR and DPF systems lead to increases in life-cycle GHG emissions. This is explained in that, SCR reduces the emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and DPF reduces the emission of particles, both compounds without strong green-house effect. There is however GHG emissions in the production and operation phases of SCR and DPF systems. It is concluded that continued research is necessary to substantiate those "hot-spots", or areas of interest identified in this initial scanning LCA.

5

Simulation of heat recovery in diesel particle filter

Mitaniec W.

Silniki Spalinowe

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2009

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R. 48, SC2

121--127

EN

The paper describes a new method of improving of diesel particulate filter regeneration process. This method takes into account a semi-self-regeneration of diesel particle filter by use of a special heat recovery system. The paper presents a mathematical model of exhaust gas flow and through DPF with regeneration process and an example of DPF self-regeneration. At lower temperatures of exhaust gases in HCCI engines an additional energy is required for increase of gas temperature before DPF. The preliminary studies show a possibility of using the special design of DPF with heat recovery system. The paper shows the initial simulation results of such system and possibility of increasing the heat recovery ratio by change of geometry of DPF. The gas heat exchange and radiation formulas between two modules of DPF are partly included in the paper.

PL

Artykuł opisuje nową metodę polepszenia procesu regeneracji filtra cząstek stałych. Metoda ta uwzględnia półautomatyczną samoregenerację filtra cząstek stałych przy zastosowaniu systemu odzysku ciepła. Publikacja przedstawia matematyczny model przepływu gazów przez DPF oraz procesu regeneracji wraz z przykładem symulacji takiego procesu. Przy niskich temperaturach gazów spalinowych w silnikach HCCI potrzebna jest dodatkowa energia w celu zwiększenia tej temperatury przed DPF. Wstępne studium tego procesu wykazuje zwiększenie tej temperatury przy zastosowaniu specjalnej konstrukcji DPF z systemem odzysku ciepła. Praca przedstawia wstępne wyniki symulacji oraz możliwość zwiększenia stopnia odzysku ciepła przynajmniej o 20% przez zmianę geometrii systemu. Proces wymiany ciepła i radiacji w systemie jest częściowo opisany w artykule.

6

Heat recovery system in a future diesel particle filter

Mitianiec W.

Journal of KONES

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2009

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Vol. 16, No. 4

333-342

EN

The main problem in conventional diesel engines and HCCI diesel is reduction of solid particles emitted to atmosphere. applying of particle filters requires special methods for their regeneration after some period of the engine work in a result of closing of substrate pores by soot. These methods require additional energy for combustion of soot (additional fuel or electric energy). The new method takes into account a self-regeneration of diesel particle filter by use of special heat recovery system. The paper shows an example of DPF self-regeneration. the exhaust temperature behind the turbine and catalytic converter is very low and particularly for HCCI engine the emission of particles is low in comparison to conventional diesel engines. for that case an additional energy is required for increase of gas temperature before DPF. the preliminary studies show a possibility of using the special design of DPF with heat recovery system. the paper shows the simulation results of such system and possibility of increasing the heat recovery ratio by change of geometry of DPF. the gas heat exchange formulas between dpf and the heat exchange module are partly included in the paper. the preliminary results of calculations shows the possibility of increase of exhaust gases in front of DPF about 20%, which enables a continuous regeneration of DPF. the work is carried out as part of the european project ipsy.

7

Combined DPF+SCR systems for retrofitting in the VERT quality verification tests

Czerwinski J., Zimmerli Y., Mayer A., Bunge R., Heeb N., Lemaire J., Jauss F.

Journal of KONES

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2008

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Vol. 15, No. 3

89-101

EN

New Diesel exhaust gas aftertreatment systems, with DPF*) and deNOx (mostly SCR) inline application are very important step towards zero emission Diesel fleet. Solid quality standards of those quite complex systems are urgently necessary to enable decisions by several authorities. The Swiss Federal Office of the Environment BAFU and the Swiss Federal Roads Office ASTRA decided to support further activities of VERT to develop appropriate testing procedures and to define the quality criteria. The present report informs about the international network project VERT *) dePN (de-activation, de-contamination, disposal of particles & NOx), which was started in Nov. 2006 with the objective to introduce the SCR-, or (DPF+SCR)-systems in the VERT verification procedure. Examples of results with some investigated systems are given. The most important statements are: - the investigated combined aftertreatment systems (DPF+SCR) for dynamic engine application efficiently reduce the target emissions with deNOx-efficiency up to 92% (if operated in the right temperature window) and filtration efficiency based on particle count up to 100%, - the average NOx conversion rate at transient operation (ETC) depends strongly on the exhaust gas temperature profile and the resulting urea dosing control, - the NP filtration efficiency, which is verified at stationary engine operation is perfectly valid also at the transient operation. The present results will be confirmed in the further project activities with other systems and with different testing cycles. A special attention will be paid to the operational profiles, which are representative for low emissions zones LEZ.