Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Analiza zmienności w czasie sygnałów generowanych przez wyładowania niezupełne

Kunicki Michał

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2022

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R. 98, nr 10

197--200

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki eksperymentalnych badań podstawowych, w ramach których dokonano analizy zmienności w czasie sygnałów elektrycznych generowanych przez wyładowania niezupełne (WNZ) przy uwzględnieniu wpływu rodzaju materiału dielektrycznego. Celem badań jest pogłębienie wiedzy o samym zjawisku WNZ i wskazanie nowych nie dostatecznie poznanych do tej pory jego aspektów. Przedstawione wyniki potwierdziły, że każdy z przebadanych materiałów dielektrycznych emituje indywidulane sygnały elektryczne, które w różnym stopniu zmieniają się w czasie.

EN

The article presents the results of experimental basic research, which analyzed the variability in time of electrical signals generated by partial discharges (PD), taking into account the influence of the type of dielectric material. The aim of the research is to deepen the knowledge about the PD phenomenon itself and to identify new, not yet sufficiently known, aspects of it. The presented results confirmed that each of the tested dielectric materials emits individual electrical signals that vary to a different extent over time.

2

Design and Simulation of 2× 2Micro Strip Circular Patch Antenna Array at 28 GHz for 5G Mobile Station Application

Hasan Salim Abdullah, Ahmed Abdulsattar Mohamed, Abdulqader Mohanad Nawfal, Dawood Younis Shareef

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

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2022

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Vol. 68. No. 4

721-–729

EN

This paper proposes the design and simulation of 2×2 circular patch antenna array working at 28 GHz by using four inset feed micro strip circular patch antennas to achieve beam forming with directivity around 13dB which is required to overcome part of high path loss challenge for high data rate mm-5G mobile station application. Four element 2x2 array consists of two 1x2 circular patch antenna arrays based on power divider and quarter wavelength transition lines as a matching circuit. The designed antenna array is simulated on RT/duroid 5880 dielectric substrate with properties of 0.5mm thickness, dielectric constant ε r =2.2, and tangent loss of 0.0009 by using Computer System Technology (CST) software. The performances in terms of return loss, 3D–radiation pattern is evaluated at 28 GHz frequency band. The design also includes the possibility of inserting four identical 2x2 antenna arrays at four edges of mobile station substrate to achieve broad space coverage by steering the beams of the mobile station arrays.

3

Semi-organic nonlinear optical material: (((4-sulfonatophenyl)ammonio)oxy)zirconium for dielectric and photonics applications

Vinoth E., Vetrivel S., Gopinath S.

Materials Science Poland

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2020

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Vol. 38, No. 3

434--442

EN

This article discusses the growth and characterization of (((4-sulfonatophenyl) ammonio)oxy) zirconium (SAOZ) single crystals. Sulphanilic acid incorporated zirconium oxychloride semi-organic single crystals have been synthesized by slow evaporation technique. From the X-ray studies, lattice parameters a = 7.31 Å, b = 7.51 Å, c = 13.92 Å, volume = 765 Å3 have been found and so the crystal has been identified as orthorhombic with non-centrosymmetric space group P212121. The powder XRD examination demonstrated the quality and high crystalline nature of the grown crystal. The presence of functional groups was confirmed by FT-IR technique. The chemical structure of the compound was established by 1H and 13C NMR spectra. The optical transmittance window and the low cutoff wavelength of SAOZ have been identified by UV-Vis-NIR studies. Photoluminescence studies showed a wide blue light emission. TG and DTA examinations were carried out to characterize the thermal behavior of the grown crystal. The mechanical strength of the grown crystal was analyzed by the Vickers microhardness test. The elemental analysis was done by EDAX. The dielectric response of the crystals was analyzed in the frequency range of 50 Hz to 5 MHz at various temperatures and the outcomes were discussed. The SHG efficiency was estimated in correlation with KDP by employing powder Kurtz method.

4

Studies on the growth and characterization of L-cysteine hydrogen fluoride single crystal

Mohammed Azeezaa Varsha, Sagadevan Suresh

Materials Science Poland

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2019

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Vol. 37, No. 3

304--309

EN

L-cysteine hydrogen fluoride (LCHF) single crystals were grown from aqueous solution. Single crystal X-ray diffraction, FT-IR, UV-Vis-NIR, and TG-DTA were used to test the grown crystals. The specimen dielectric and mechanical behaviors were also studied. Powder X-ray diffraction of the grown crystal was recorded and indexed. The optical properties of the LCHF crystal were determined using UV-Vis spectroscopy. It was found that the optical band gap of LCHF was 4.8 eV. The crystal functional groups were identified using FT-IR. Second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency of the LCHF was three times higher than that of KDP. The dielectric constant, dielectric loss and AC conductivity were measured at different frequencies and temperatures.

5

Projekt i badania mechaniczne adaptera dielektrycznego do klucza nasadowego

Cyganik Łukasz

Maszyny Elektryczne : zeszyty problemowe

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2019

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Nr 1 (121)

69--72

PL

W artykule przedstawiono projekt i wyniki testów mechanicznych adaptera dielektrycznego do klucza nasadowego lub grzechotkowego, który może stanowić dodatkowe zabezpieczenie operatora przed porażeniem prądem elektrycznym przy wykonywaniu prac pod napięciem. Projekt adaptera zakłada wykonanie z pręta szklano - epoksydowego o bardzo dobrych własnościach izolacyjnych i mechanicznych, w którego wnętrzu w uprzednio wykonanych otworach zostaną umieszczone gniazda lub trzpień stalowy pozwalający na zamocowanie do klucza lub nasadki. Na potrzeby badań wykonane zostały 2 sztuki prototypu adaptera dielektrycznego, które poddano testom mechanicznym pod względem przenoszonego momentu obciążenia. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że adapter o zadanych wymiarach geometrycznych przenosi moment o wartości maksymalnej 90Nm. Przenoszony moment można jednak zwiększyć poprzez zwiększenie grubości ścianki pręta szklano-epoksydowego. Uzyskane wyniki testów mechanicznych i pomiaru prądu upływu wskazują, że adapter może być zastosowany do prowadzenia typowych prac związanych z obsługą linii elektroenergetycznych lub urządzeń elektrycznych znajdujących się pod napięciem.

EN

This article presents the design and results of the mechanical tests of the dielectric adapter for a socket or ratchet wrench, that can provide an additional protection for the operator against the electrical shock when working under voltage. According to the design a dielectric adapter is made from glass-epoxy rod, that have an excellent mechanical and dielectric properties and inside the pre-made holes in the glassepoxy rod are installed a steel sockets or pivots, that allows for attachment to the wrench or socket. For the purpose of the research, 2 pieces of the dielectric adapter prototype were made and mechanically tested for maximal torque transmission. The obtained results indicate, that maximal torque for the adapter with the given geometrical dimensions is 90Nm. However, the maximal torque can be increased by increasing the wall thickness of the glass-epoxy rod. The obtained results of the mechanical tests and leakage current measurements indicate, that dielectric adapter can be used in the typical maintenance works of the power lines or devices under voltage.

6

Effect of Distilled Water and Kerosene as Dielectrics on Machining Rate and Surface Morphology of Al-6061 During Electricdischarge Machining

Arshad Rubab, Mehmood Shahid, Shah Masood, Imran Muhammad, Qayyum Faisal

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2019

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Vol. 13, no 3

162--169

EN

Electric Discharge Machining (EDM) is widely used for manufacturing complex metal parts. The machining parameters like dielectric fluid, electrode material, current, voltage and pulse rate during EDM are controlled to obtain desired Material Removal Rate (MRR) and it also affects the surface morphology of manufactured components. In this research, effect of changing machining parameters, dielectric fluid (distilled water and kerosene) and electrode materials (copper and graphite) on surface morphology of Al 6061 T6 alloy during EDM is investigated. It is observed that the distilled water reacts with the molten aluminum and produces deep pits / voids on the surface due to liberation of hydrogen gas. A micro crack network is seen radiating from the edge of these pits. It is believed that the very high thermal conductivity of distilled water is responsible for the micro crack network and reduced material removal rate when compared with non-reactive kerosene oil.

7

Austenitic steel surface integrity after EDM in different dielectric liquids

Żyra A., Bogucki R., Skoczypiec S.

Technical Transactions

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2017

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Vol. 12(114)

231--242

EN

Electrodischarge machining (EDM) can be used as an alternative machining method compared to conventional ones, especially while very good surface integrity and high machining accuracy during machining of difficult-to-cut materials is needed. In EDM, the dielectric liquid has a crucial influence on the technological material surface integrity since it ensures the occurrence of controlled electrical discharges between the tool and the workpiece, cooling and solidification of gaseous EDM debris, removing erosion products and also dispersing heat generated during the process. In the paper, the influence of a carbonbased and a water-based dielectric liquid on the selected structural and morphological characteristics of 304 stainless steel after EDM sinking was investigated. The surface roughness, micro hardness and quality as well as the chemical changes after the corrosion test of machined surfaces were analysed.

PL

Obróbka elektroerozyjna (EDM) stanowi alternatywę dla konwencjonalnych metod obróbkowych, szczególnie przy kształtowaniu materiałów trudnoskrawalnych, gdy konieczne jest otrzymanie powierzchni o bardzo dobrej jakości. W EDM ciekły dielektryk ma kluczowy wpływ na właściwości technologicznej warstwy wierzchniej materiału obrabianego, umożliwiając zachodzenie kontrolowanych wyładowań elektrycznych pomiędzy elektrodą roboczą a przedmiotem obrabianym, schładzanie i usuwanie produktów powstałych w wyniku obróbki oraz odprowadzanie wygenerowanego w trakcie procesu ciepła. W artykule przedstawiono wpływ dielektryka węglowodorowego i wodnego na wybrane cechy strukturalne i morfologiczne stali nierdzewnej 304 po procesie drążenia elektroerozyjnego. Analizie poddano chropowatość powierzchni, mikrotwardość oraz zmiany składu chemicznego obrabianych powierzchni po przeprowadzonej próbie korozyjnej.

8

Parameters characterizing the charge state of dielectrics

Łowkis B.

Materials Science Poland

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2017

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Vol. 35, No. 3

601--605

EN

This paper presents three physical sources of the electric field in dielectrics: excess free volume charges with the distribution qv(x,y,z), free surface charges with the distribution qs(x,y,z) and frozen polarization state in the dielectric. They have a deciding influence on the parameters of the electret, in particular they determine the total lifetime of the electret and technical components made of it. The indeterminacy related to the mutual proportions of the spatial and surface charges was discussed: one can find an infinite number of distributions of surface qse(x,y,z) and spatial qve(x,y,z) charges leading to the same distribution of the electric field E(x,y,z). A general case of electret was considered, where a coexistence of relaxation decay of frozen polarization and Maxwellian relaxation dependent on volume conductivity of the dielectric is assumed. An attempt to interpret the chargé lifetime in real electrets was made.

9

Structural, dielectric and AC conductivity studies on 0.8Ba0.2(Bi0.5K0.5)Ti1-xZrxO3 lead free ceramic system

Ramesh M. N. V., Ramesh K. V.

Materials Science Poland

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2016

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Vol. 34, No. 3

669--675

EN

Zr substituted 0.8BaTiO30.2 Bi0,5 K0,5 TiO3 lead free ceramic materials with a composition 0.8Ba0.2(Bi0,5 K0,51-xZrxO3 (0.01 ≤x ≤0.06) were prepared by conventional solid state reaction method followed by high energy ball milling. The X-ray diffraction studies confirmed the tetragonal structure of the material at room temperature. Density was decreasing with the substitution of Zr. Microstructure studies were done by using scanning electron microscope. Temperature and frequency dependent dielectric studies were carried out and showed that the dielectric constant, dielectric loss and Curie temperature were decreasing with the substitution of Zr. Relaxor behavior was observed in all the Zr substituted samples. Degree of diffuseness was calculated from the modified Curie-Weiss law and it was found to increase with the substitution of Zr. Frequency and temperature dependent AC conductivity was calculated and it was found to obey Jonscher’s power law. Substitution of Zr decreased the conductivity of the material. Activation energy was calculated and it was decreasing with an increase in Zr substitution.

10

Komputerowe wspomaganie projektowania filtra do odpylania materiałów w przemyśle rolno-spożywczym

Horyński M. B.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Elektryka / Politechnika Łódzka

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2015

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z. 126

63--70

PL

Zjawisko oddziaływania pola elektrycznego na cząstki pyłu zaobserwowano pod koniec XVIII wieku. Jednak pierwsze udane próby budowy elektrofiltrów przeprowadzono dopiero na początku XX wieku. Obecnie filtry elektryczne, zwane elektrofiltrami, to urządzenia elektrostatyczne. Ten typ filtrów jest stosowany do odpylania pyłów w przemyśle hutniczym, wydobywczym i energetycznym. Chociaż charakteryzują się one dużą skutecznością odpylania (nawet powyżej 99%), nie znajdują jednak zastosowania w obiektach, w których pyły mają charakter wybuchowy, np. pyły w młynach, kaszarniach itp. W tej gałęzi przemysłu powszechnie stosowane są filtry tkaninowe. Elektrostatyczne oczyszczanie gazów jest w dalszym ciągu dynamicznie rozwijającą się technologią. W połączeniu z technologiami usuwania zanieczyszczeń stanowi z pewnością podstawę dalszego rozwoju elektrofiltrów. W artykule przedstawiono propozycję wykorzystania uzwojenia bifilarnego do odpylania pyłów wybuchowych.

EN

The article presents the proposal to use bifilar winding for extraction of explosive dusts. In the process of cleaning, grinding and transporting grain in elevators, warehouses and mills are generated large amounts of dust. Accordingly, the explosion dangerous concentrations of dust are formed in both the cleaning and the grinding grain. Bifilar windings with voltage supplied DC or AC generates heterogeneous electric field around. This property of bifilar winding can be used to capture particulate matter organic of explosive origin.

11

Effect of fabrication technique on the crystalline phase and electrical properties of PVDF films

Mahato P. K., Seal A., Garain S., Sen S.

Materials Science Poland

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2015

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Vol. 33, No. 1

157--162

EN

The effect of different fabrication techniques on the formation of electroactive β-phase polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) has been investigated. Films with varying concentration of PVDF and solvent – dimethyl formamide (DMF) were synthesized by tape casting and solvent casting techniques. The piezoelectric β-phase as well as non polar α-phase were observed for both the tape cast and solvent cast films from X-ray diffraction (XRD) micrographs and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra. A maximum percentage (80 %) of β-phase was obtained from FT-IR analysis for a solvent cast PVDF film. The surface morphology of the PVDF films was analyzed by FESEM imaging. The dielectric properties as a function of temperature and frequency and the ferroelectric hysteresis loop as a function of voltage were measured. An enhancement in the value of the dielectric constant and polarization was obtained in solvent cast films.

12

Surface Morphology of Polyimide Thin Film Dip-Coated on Polyester Filament for Dielectric Layer in Fibrous Organic Field Effect Transistor

Rambausek L., Bruneel E., Van Driessche I., Van Langenhove L.

Autex Research Journal

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2014

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Vol. 14, no. 3

152--160

EN

The idea of wearable electronics automatically leads to the concept of integrating electronic functions on textile substrates. Since this substrate type implies certain challenges in comparison with their rigid electronic companions, it is of utmost importance to investigate the application of materials for generating the electronic functions on the textile substrate. Only when interaction of materials and textile substrate is fully understood, the electronic function can be generated on the textile without changing the textile’s properties, being flexible or stretchable. This research deals with the optimization of the dielectric layer in a fibrous organic field effect transistor (OFET). A transistor can act as an electrical switch in a circuit. In this work, the polyimide layer was dip-coated on a copper-coated polyester filament. After thoroughly investigating the process conditions, best results with minimal thickness and roughness at full insulation could be achieved at a dip-coating speed of 50 mm/min. The polyimide solution was optimal at 15w% and the choice for the solvent NMP was made. In this paper, details on the pre-treatment methods, choice of solvent and dip-coating speed and their effect on layer morphology and thickness, electrical properties and roughness are reported. Results show that the use of polyimide as a dielectric layer in the architecture of a fibrous OFET is promising. Further research deals with the application of the semiconductor layer within the mentioned architecture, to finally build an OFET on a filament for application in smart textiles.

13

Polyimide Dielectric Layer on Filaments for Organic Field Effect Transistors: Choice of Solvent, Solution Composition and Dip-Coating Speed

Rambausek L., Bruneel E., De Mey G., Van Langenhove L.

Autex Research Journal

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2014

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Vol. 14, no. 3

121-134

EN

In today’s research, smart textiles is an established topic in both electronics and the textile fields. The concept of producing microelectronics directly on a textile substrate is not a mere idea anymore and several research institutes are working on its realisation. Microelectronics like organic field effect transistor (OFET) can be manufactured with a layered architecture. The production techniques used for this purpose can also be applied on textile substrates. Besides gate, active and contact layers, the isolating or dielectric layer is of high importance in the OFET architecture. Therefore, generating a high quality dielectric layer that is of low roughness and insulating at the same time is one of the fundamental requirements in building microelectronics on textile surfaces. To evaluate its potential, we have studied polyimide as a dielectric layer, dip-coated onto copper-coated polyester filaments. Accordingly, the copper-coated polyester filament was dip-coated from a polyimide solution with two different solvents, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and dimethylformaldehyde. A variety of dip-coating speeds, solution concentrations and solvent-solute combinations have been tested. Their effect on the quality of the layer was analysed through microscopy, leak current measurements and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Polyimide dip-coating with polyimide resin dissolved in NMP at a concentration of 15w% in combination with a dip-coating speed of 50 mm/min led to the best results in electrical insulation and roughness. By optimising the dielectric layer’s properties, the way is paved for applying the subsequent semi-conductive layer. In further research, we will be working with the organic semiconductor material TIPS-Pentacene.

14

Optical, structural and electrical properties of pure and urea doped KDP crystals

Babu B., Chandrasekaran J., Balaprabhakaran S., Ilayabarathi P.

Materials Science Poland

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2013

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Vol. 31, No. 1

151-157

EN

Single crystals of good optical quality, made of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) doped with urea were grown by slow evaporation solution growth technique at a constant temperature of 35 C. Optical absorption and dielectric properties were studied for pure and urea doped KDP crystals. Using powder XRD studies, crystalline nature of pure and urea doped KDP crystals was confirmed. AC conductivity was measured for the grown crystals. DC electrical conductivity and photoconductivity studies were carried out for pure and urea doped KDP crystals and the differences caused by the dopant were also discussed.

15

Modelowanie przepływu dielektryka w procesie wycinania elektroerozyjnego (WEDM) - analiza wpływu siatki elementów na dokładność obliczeń

Dąbrowski L., Oniszczuk D., Świercz R.

Świat Obrabiarek

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2012

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R. 7, nr 1-2

21-25

PL

Modelowanie przepływu dielektryka w szczelinie międzyelektrodowej. Dobór siatki elementów objętościowych. Analiza wpływu siatki elementów na wyniki modelowania.

16

Investigation of the Partial Discharge Characteristic Parameters in Pressboard Insulation according to Experimental Results

Morkvenas A., Gudzius S., Markevicius L.A., Valatka P., Jonaitis A.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2012

|

R. 88, nr 6

78-80

EN

In the following paper the voltage influence on partial discharge characteristic parameters in the solid insulation is discussed. Partial discharge values in different size and shapes of solid insulation defects and under different voltage influence are evaluated.

PL

W niniejszym artykule dyskutowany jest wpływ napięcia na parametry charakterystyki wyładowań niezupełnych w izolacji stałej. Wyznaczono wartości charakteryzujące te wyładowania w dielektrykach stałych z defektami o różnych kształtach i wymiarach oraz pod wpływem różnych napięć.

17

Badania potencjału elektrycznego materiału konstrukcyjnego w oleju bazowym

Kosmynina M., Bukalska E., Michalak P.

Logistyka

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2012

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nr 3

PL

W pracy omówiono wyniki badań strefy oddziaływania materiału konstrukcyjnego na środowisko - hydrorafinat II. Ustalono, że w warunkach ruchu elementu względem środowiska, materiał wykazuje własny potencjał powierzchniowy. Potencjał powierzchniowy elementu określa rodzaj materiału warstwy powłokowej. Potencjał stacjonarny materiałów powłokowych jest bliski wyższemu stopniowi utlenienia metalu kontaktującego się z olejem (Cu+2, Zn+2, Ag+1, Ni+3, Sn+4). Pomiary potencjałów elektrycznych materiałów konstrukcyjnych w oleju bazowym umożliwią komputerowe sterowanie powierzchniowymi przemianami fazowymi w środowisku hydrorafinatu II po uszlachetnieniu jego składu chemicznego.

EN

In this work the results of the impact zone of the construction material on the environment (hydroraffinate II) are discussed . It was found that in conditions of relative movement according to the environment, the material has its own surface potential. The surface potential of the rotating element is specified by the coating layer. The potential of the stationary coating materials is close to a higher degree of the oxidation of metal which is combined with oil (Cu+2, Zn+2, Ag+1, Ni+3, Sn+4). The possibility of measurement of electrical potentials of structural materials in the base oil will allow computer controlling of the surface phase changes in the environment of hydroraffinate after the process of their chemical composition.

18

The constitutive equations of local gradient theory of anisotropic dielectrics

Burak Y., Hrytsyna O.

Roczniki Inżynierii Budowlanej

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2011

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z. 11

43--48

PL

W oparciu o metody termodynamiki procesów nieodwracalnych otrzymano równania konstytutywny lokalnie gradientowej teorii nieferromagnetycznych anizotropowych dielektrykow. Ustalono, że proponowana teoria daje możliwość do opisania niejednorodności naprężeń, odkształceń i elektrycznej polaryzacji w otoczeniu powierzchni anizotropowych dielektrycznych ciał.

19

Advances in flash memory devices

Ludwig C., Beug M. F., Küsters K. H.

Materials Science Poland

|

2010

|

Vol. 28, No. 1

105--115

EN

Fundamental challenges are discussed concerning the down-scaling of flash memory cells for mass storage applications. A general scaling issue for all various memory cell concepts is the structuring limit of conventional lithography. Therefore sub-lithographical structuring methods like e.g., double-patterning for future flash chips, have been evaluated. Another common scaling challenge of charge trapping (CT) and floating gate (FG) cells, the two future concurrent flash memory cell concepts, is the introduction of new materials such as high k dielectrics. Their implementation into CT and FG cells and the scaling related electrical issues of both cell concepts is also been discussed.

20

Zarys technologii mikrofalowych rezonatorów dielektrycznych wykonanych na bazie tytanianów baru typu Ba 6-3x Ln 8+2x Ti 18 O 54

Frender R., Zbrzeźniak E., Żebrowski M.

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

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2010

|

Vol. 51, nr 5

110-114

PL

W artykule omówiono niektóre zagadnienia związane z opracowaniem technologii nowej grupy dielektryków mikrofalowych opartych na tytanianach baru domieszkowanych jonami metali z grupy lantanu. Wzór ogólny omawianych dielektryków ma postać Ba 6-3x Ln 8+2x Ti 18 O 54 zaś jako Ln zastosowano pierwiastki Nd i La. Rezonatory wykonane z tych dielektryków charakteryzują się przenikalnością = 60...90, współczynnikiem jakości Q x f ≥ 5000 [GHz] oraz współczynnikiem temperaturowych zmian częstotliwości pracy T f [0,+200 ppm/K]. Rezonatory wykonano klasyczną technologią ceramiczną. Parametry dielektryczne zmierzono przy pomocy rezonatora pomiarowego metodą rezonatorową Rayleigh-Ritz'a. Pomiarów dokonano zarówno w temperaturze pokojowej jak i w funkcji temperatury w przedziale -10...+70°C.

EN

Certain problems connected with the development of technology of new microwave dielectrics, based on barium titanates, doped with metal ions from lanthanum group, are the subject of this paper. The general formula of the dielectrics under investigation is: Ba 6-3x Ln 8+2x Ti 18 O 54, where Ln stands for Nd or La. Resonators made of these dielectrics have the following parameters: permittivity = 60...90, quality coefficient Q x f ≥ 5000 [GHz] and resonant frequency temperature coefficient T f [0,+200ppm/K]. Resonators were manufactured using classical ceramic method. Dielectric parameters were measured using resonator with Rayleigh - Ritz method. The measurements were carried out in room temperature as well as in a temperature range of -10...+70°C.