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Response of Different Coffee-Based Agroforestry Management on Microbial Respiration and Density

Nugroho R. Muhammad Yusuf Adi Pujo, Ustiatik Reni, Prasetya Budi, Kurniawan Syahrul

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2023

Vol. 24, nr 9

158--170

Coffee agroforestry has become a land use system that provides both ecological and economic benefits, so it is managed in various ways. Pruning and fertilizer management is a combination that is applied for optimal production. However, understanding the effect of combined management on soil respiration and functional microbial populations remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the effect of combining pruning and fertilizer management on soil respiration and functional bacterial populations as well as to elucidate the relationship between tested parameters. The study was conducted in UB Forest. A factorial randomized block design consisting of three factors, i.e., coffee pruning, type of fertilizer, and fertilizer doses was used. The results showed that combining three factors affected the diazotrophic bacterial population and soil respiration, which is sensitive to management changes. Coffee pruning and mixed fertilizer (inorganic + organic) application affected soil respiration and microbial populations, while the dose affected each parameter differently. The conducted study suggests that pruning management with mixed fertilizer application can substitute inorganic fertilizer as more environmentally sustainable management in coffee-based agroforestry.

The role and future potential of nitrogen fixing bacteria to boost productivity in organic and low-input sustainable farming systems

Cummings S. P.

Environmental Biotechnology

2005

Vol. 1, No. 1

1--10

Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) results from the interaction between a plant and diazotrophic bacteria. The bacteria are either free living in the soil or live in symbiosis with the plant. Despite biological nitrogen fixation offering a sustainable solution to nitrogen limitation in agricultural soils its use is in decline. Problems with this technology can arise for two major reasons. Firstly, the inappropriate use of diazotrophs with the expectation of achieving N2 fixation. Free-living diazotrophs have been used as inoculants of non-legume crops for many years, however, their mechanism of action remains to be thoroughly characterised. While some may interact with crops to increase available N in soil, many achieve increases in crop yield through the production of plant hormones. This adds nothing to the soil N budget and increases in yields observed are often variable. The second problem occurs when legumes are used to increase soil N in combination with rhizobial symbionts. Frequently poor nodulation of the legumes is observed in the field even when inoculated with .elite. strains of rhizobia. These observations are a consequence of one or more factors, including the use of low quality inoculants, the inability of the rhizobial inoculant to tolerate soil conditions, or their lack of competitiveness for nodule occupancy with indigenous soil rhizobia. These issues can be overcome by the use of more rigorous criteria in inoculant selection and production. The use of inoculants developed from indigenous soil rhizobia offers a tailor made solution to obtaining inoculant strains that are competitive in a particular soil with a specific crop. Here, examples of where this approach has been successful and the potential of this technology to increase the use of BNF in more marginal soils are discussed.