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Potrzeby i możliwości udoskonalenia systemów diagnozujących okrętowych silników spalinowych o zapłonie samoczynnym

Girtler Jerzy

Journal of Polish CIMEEAC

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2020

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Vol. 15, no 1

24--45

PL

W artykule przedstawiono ogólnie własności współczesnych systemów diagnozujących (SDG) okrętowych siników głównych o zapłonie samoczynnym, potrzeby zastosowania SDG do sterowania procesem eksploatacji tych silników i propozycje udoskonalenia SDG dla potrzeb realizacji racjonalnej eksploatacji tego rodzaju silników. Zwrócono uwagę na potrzebę uwzględnienia we wnioskowaniu diagnostycznych wiarygodności diagnozy. Przedstawiono też korzyści wynikające z zastosowana w procesie decyzyjnym statystycznej teorii decyzji. Zasygnalizowano duży postęp w rozwoju systemów diagnozujących silników głównych na przykładzie systemów CoCoS firmy MAN SE (Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg)oraz CBM firmy Wärtsilä Corporation.

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Reliability and types of diagnosis in the process of diesel engine operation

Girtler J.

Journal of Polish CIMEEAC

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2018

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Vol. 13, no 1

20--29

EN

The article presents complexity of the problem concerning development of diagnosis with defined reliability by a diagnosing system (SDG) on technical condition of marine combustion engines, especially main engines. It was shown that development of the final diagnosis, the so-called initial operation diagnosis, on the operational usability (fDG on PEx) of a main engine in particular, is not possible without prior development of reliable diagnoses such as: diagnosis on correctness of diagnostic signals, diagnosis on correctness of values of the measured diagnostic parameters of an engine (DG on pWM), diagnosis on technical condition of an engine (DG on ST) and initial diagnosis on operational usability of an engine (wDG on PEx), the so-called initial operation diagnosis. Difficulties in development of the diagnoses were emphasized herein due to the fact that the process of acquisition of information needed to develop diagnoses with certain reliability or accuracy is a two-dimensional stochastic process with components: B(t) – being considered during operation (use) of SDG (at so-called long time - quasistatic) and C(ʋ) – being considered while measuring diagnostic parameters and diagnostic inference (at so-called short time - dynamic). The need to determine reliability or accuracy rate of each diagnosis in the form of conditional probability P(S/K) was also indicated, where S – technical state of the engine and K – vector of values of diagnostic parameters reflecting state S. Diagnostic status of marine engine as a diagnosed system (SDN) was characterized in general, on the example of an engine operation process with regards to input (X), output (Y), constant (C) and interference (Z) values. Also there was explained how to understand the terms: diagnostic test, signal inference, measurement inference, structure inference and operation inference, and how inductive inference can be used to verify, for example, the hypothesis H on engine state S when vector K of values of engine diagnostic parameters is observed.

3

Possibility of estimating the reliability of diesel engines by applying the theory of semi-Markov processes and making operational decisions by considering reliability of diagnosis on technical state of this sort of combustion engines

Girtler J.

Combustion Engines

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2015

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R. 54, nr 4

57--66

EN

The paper presents semi-Markov models of technical state transitions for diesel engines, useful for determining the reliability of engines. A possibility of application of a three-state model with a simplified matrix function, or even a two-state model, to determine reliability of the engines, has been described herein on examples of known from literature semi-Markov models, for the case when appropriate diagnosing systems (SDG) are used to identify the technical condition of the engines considered as diagnosed systems (SDN). A risk function and a renewal (restitution) function have been proposed for developing a two-state model of engine state transitions. An opportunity for considering the reliability of diagnosis for making operational decisions by applying the statistical decision theory, has also been presented. Conditional probability P(si/Ki) is recognized as a measure of reliability of diagnosis.

PL

W artykule przestawiono semimarkowskie modele zmian stanów technicznych silników o zapłonie samoczynnym, przydatne do określenia niezawodności tych silników. Wykazano, na przykładzie znanych z literatury modeli semimarkowskich, że do określenia niezawodności tych silników możliwe jest zastosowanie modelu trójstanowego o uproszczonej macierzy funkcyjnej, a nawet modelu dwustanowego, przy zastosowaniu odpowiednich systemów diagnozujących (SDG) do identyfikacji stanu technicznego wspomnianych silników jako systemów diagnozowanych (SDN). Do opracowania dwustanowego modelu zmian stanów silników zaproponowano wykorzystanie funkcji ryzyka i funkcji intensywności odnowy (restytucji). Przedstawiono także możliwość uwzględnienia wiarygodności diagnozy przy podejmowaniu decyzji eksploatacyjnych w sytuacji zastosowania statystycznej teorii decyzji. Za miarę wiarygodności diagnozy przyjęto prawdopodobieństwo warunkowe P(si/Ki).

4

The issues of quantum in empirical research on machines and other power systems

Girtler J.

Journal of Polish CIMAC

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2012

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Vol. 7, no 1

57-66

EN

The paper provides justification for that the scientific research on empirical systems, particularly machines as well as other power systems, should take into account randomness and unpredictability of events which exist in their operation. The reference is made to achievements of the quantum mechanics, pointing the emerging postulate that the quantities called complementary have an important property consisting in that simultaneous and accurate measurement of their values is impossible. It has been shown herein that from the quantum mechanics it follows that by repeating empirical researches, whether they are observations, experiences or experiments, we cannot expect the same results, but we can expect the same frequency of acquiring the individual results. This indicates that acquirement of a particular research result is a random event. Additionally, the attention is paid that discovery in science, of the principle of ambiguous causality has led to oppugning the former belief of existence of unequivocal determinism (i.e. unequivocal effect from each cause) and adopting the ambiguous determinism that is determinism resulting from the probabilistic laws of the quantum mechanics, which allows (as known) the existence of choice. Considering the achievements of the quantum mechanics as well as the empirical research results acquired in the phase of operation of machines and other power systems, it has been proposed to take the achievements into account for the empirical research.

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Necessity for and possibility of application of the theory of semimarkov processes to determine reliability of diagnosing systems

Girtler J.

Journal of Polish CIMAC

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2012

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Vol. 7, no 2

45-54

EN

The paper provides justification for the necessity to define reliability of diagnosing systems (SDG) in order to develop a diagnosis on state of any technical mechanism being a diagnosed system (SDN). It has been shown that the knowledge of SDG reliability enables defining diagnosis reliability. It has been assumed that the diagnosis reliability can be defined as a diagnosis property which specifies the degree of recognizing by a diagnosing system (SDG) the actual state of the diagnosed system (SDN) which may be any mechanism, and the conditional probability p(S*/K*) of occurrence (existence) of state S* of the mechanism (SDN) as a diagnosis measure provided that at a specified reliability of SDG, the vector K* of values of diagnostic parameters implied by the state, is observed. The probability that SDG is in the state of ability during diagnostic tests and the following diagnostic inferences leading to development of a diagnosis about the SDN state, has been accepted as a measure of SDG reliability. The attention has been paid that in order to make an operating decision not only the knowledge of a diagnosis reliability is required, but also the knowledge of consequences (c) of making a given decision that belongs to a set of decisions possible to be made in a given operating situation. The Bayesian statistical decision theory has been proposed to apply for making operating decisions. Herein, it has been used the simplest decision model which assumes that there can only be made one from among two possible operating decisions: 1) perform, first of all, a suitable preventive service for the mechanism (SDN) under operation, in order to renew its functional properties and then start executing the task, 2) start executing the ordered task without prior performance of a preventive maintenance of the mechanism. The theory of semi-Markov processes has been used for defining the SDG reliability, that enabled to develop a SDG reliability model in the form of a seven-state (continuous-time discrete-state) semi-Markov process of changes of SDG states.

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Possibility of application of the theory of semi-Markov processes to determine reliability of diagnosing systems

Girtler J.

Journal of KONBiN

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2012

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No. 4 (24)

49--58

EN

The paper provides justification for the necessity to define reliability of diagnosing systems (SDG) in order to develop a diagnosis on state of any technical mechanism being a diagnosed system (SDN). It has been shown that the knowledge of SDG reliability enables defining diagnosis reliability. It has been assumed that the diagnosis reliability can be defined as a diagnosis property which specifies the degree of recognizing by a diagnosing system (SDG) the actual state of the diagnosed system (SDN) which may be any mechanism, and the conditional probability p(S*/K*) of occurrence (existence) of state S* of the mechanism (SDN) as a diagnosis measure provided that at a specified reliability of SDG, the vector K* of values of diagnostic parameters implied by the state, is observed. The probability that SDG is in the state of ability during diagnostic tests and the following diagnostic inferences leading to development of a diagnosis about the SDN state, has been accepted as a measure of SDG reliability. The theory of semi-Markov processes has been used for defining the SDG reliability, that enabled to develop a SDG reliability model in the form of a seven-state (continuous-time discrete-state) semi-Markov process of changes of SDG states.

PL

W opracowaniu uzasadniono konieczność określenia niezawodności systemów diagnozujących (SDG) do sformułowania diagnozy o stanie dowolnego urządzenia technicznego jako systemu diagnozowanego (SDN). Wykazano, że znajomość niezawodności SDG umożliwia określenie wiarygodności diagnozy. Przyjęto, że wiarygodność diagnozy może być określona jako właściwość diagnozy określająca stopień rozpoznania przez system diagnozujący (SDG) rzeczywistego stanu systemu diagnozowanego (SDN), którym może być dowolne urządzenie, zaś za miarę diagnozy przyjęto prawdopodobieństwo warunkowe p(S*/K*) pojawienia się (istnienia) stanu S* urządzenia (SDN) pod warunkiem, że obserwowany jest wektor K* wartości parametrów diagnostycznych implikowanych przez ten stan, przy określonej niezawodności SDG. Zaś za miarę niezawodności SDG przyjęto prawdopodobieństwo tego, że w czasie badań diagnostycznych i kolejnych wnioskowań diagnostycznych prowadzących do opracowania diagnozy o stanie SDN, system SDG będzie w stanie zdatności. Do określenia niezawodności SDG zastosowano teorię procesów semi-Markowa, która umożliwiła opracowanie modelu niezawodnościowego SDG w formie siedmiostanowego procesu semimarkowskiego (dyskretnego w stanach i ciągłego w czasie) zmian stanów SDG.

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Analysis of the actual damages to the marine engines from the point of view of diagnostic systems’ capabilities

Łosiewicz Z.

Journal of Polish CIMAC

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2009

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Vol. 4, no 2

199-205

EN

In the article there are presented different operating events leading to the same consequences, i.e. permanent engine damage. The analysis has been carried out of diagnostic actions performed by the operators, of the usefulness of diagnostic systems existing on these ships as well as analysis of the operating values of the latest diagnostic systems in respect of possibility to prevent the described consequences of operating events.