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Characteristics of selected physical and mechanical properties as well as chemical composition of aggregates based on: steel slags, porphyry and diabase

Jonczy I., Grzesik B., Stawowiak M., Gerle A.

Archives of Civil Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 66, nr 4

363--379

EN

This paper presents the results of tests of selected physical and mechanical properties as well as the chemical composition of two types of natural aggregates: porphyry and diabase, as well as artificial aggregate based on steel slags. Based on the conducted tests, it was established that the physical and mechanical properties of the artificial aggregate exhibit slightly lower parameters as compared to the results obtained for porphyry and diabase aggregates. However, this does not limit the possibility of using the aggregate based on steel slags, as according to the applicable WT-4 and WT-5 standards, it can be used in mixtures unbound to the improved subsoil and layers of the road foundation as well as road mixtures with hydraulic binders for each category of traffic load. The chemical composition of the aggregate based on steel slags differs from the chemical composition of the tested natural aggregates. The slags contain lower amounts of SiO2 and Al2O3, while the concentration of CaO and Fe2O3 is greater. Additionally, heavy metals have also been exhibited in the slags. However, it was established that the alkaline nature of the slags, which is affected by low sulphur content and a significant proportion of CaO, as well as the way the metals occur limit the possibility of heavy metals release and migration from slags. The tested steel slags may constitute a prospective material used in road construction.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań wybranych właściwości fizyko-mechanicznych oraz składu chemicznego dwóch rodzajów kruszywa naturalnego: porfirowego i diabazowego oraz kruszywa sztucznego wyprodukowanego na bazie żużli stalowniczych. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono, że właściwości fizyko-mechaniczne (gęstość objętościowa, nasiąkliwość, mrozoodporność, odporność na rozdrabnianie LA, wytrzymałość na miażdżenie) kruszywa sztucznego wykazują nieco niższe parametry w odniesieniu do wyników oznaczeń uzyskanych dla kruszywa porfirowego i diabazowego. Nie ogranicza to jednak możliwości wykorzystania kruszywa na bazie żużli stalowniczych, gdyż wg obowiązujących standardów WT-4 i WT-5, może być ono stosowane w mieszankach niezwiązanych do ulepszonego podłoża i warstw podbudowy drogowej oraz drogowych mieszankach związanych spoiwami hydraulicznymi dla każdej kategorii obciążenia ruchem. Skład chemiczny kruszywa na bazie żużli stalowniczych różni się od składu chemicznego badanych kruszyw naturalnych. Żużle zawierają mniejsze ilości SiO2 oraz Al2O3, wzrasta w nich natomiast koncentracja CaO oraz Fe2O3, w żużlach oznaczono także obecność metali ciężkich. Stwierdzono jednak, że zasadowy charakter żużli, na który wpływa niska zawartość siarki oraz znaczny udział CaO, jak również sposób występowania metali przede wszystkim w formie rozproszonej w szkliwie oraz jako podstawienia w strukturze wewnętrznej faz krzemianowych i tlenkowych ograniczają możliwości uwalniania i migracji metali ciężkich z żużli. Badane żużle stalownicze mogą stanowić perspektywiczny materiał znajdujący zastosowanie w budownictwie drogowym.

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Magmatic episodes in the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland – a new contribution from multi-age zircon populations

Krzemińska Ewa, Krzemiński Leszek

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2019

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nr 474

43--57

EN

This contribution reports on new U-Pb zircon age data from magmatic rocks from the Holy Cross Mountains (HCM) of Poland. The analyzed samples were taken from lamprophyre and diabase veins of Podkranów and Janowice-2 as well as from tuff horizon of Kielce Beds (Ludlow). Internal morphologies have been investigated by SEM-BSE and cathodoluminescence images and they have been used as a guide for the selection of genetically various type of grains, e.g. potential auto-, ante- and xenocrysts, that were analyzed by ion microprobe. The U-Pb age of the magmatic events at 414.2 ±6.6 Ma (Kielce tuff), 322 ±12 Ma (Podkranów, lamprophyre), and 300±10 Ma (Janowice-2, diabase) confirmed the time frame of known magmatic activity reported within the HCM, as determined by 40Ar/39Ar geochronology in previous studies. The zircon investigation revealed also multiple populations with record of an earlier pulse of magma system (antecrysts), as well as abundant xenocrysts.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono nowe oznaczenia wieku U-Pb cyrkonu w skałach magmowych z obszaru Gór Świętokrzyskich (HCM). Próbki pobrano z żył lamprofiru i diabazu z Podkranowa i Janowic-2 oraz z poziomu tufu w warstwach kieleckich (ludlow). Morfologię i wewnętrzne cechy budowy ziaren zbadano za pomocą obrazów SEM-BSE i katodoluminescencji SEM, stosując je jako przewodnik do selekcji genetycznie różnych typów ziaren, potencjalnych auto-, ante- i ksenokryształów, które były analizowane na mikrosondzie jonowej. Wiek U-Pb epizodów magmowych, 414,2 ±6,6 Ma (Kielce, tuf), 322 ±12 Ma (Podkranów, lamprofir) i 300 ±10 Ma (Janowice-2, diabaz), potwierdza znane z wcześniejszych publikacji ramy czasowe aktywności magmowej na obszarze HCM oznaczone metodą 40Ar/39Ar. Badania wieku U-Pb cyrkonu ujawniły także szereg populacji z zapisem wcześniejszych impulsów magmowych (antekryształy) i licznych ksenokryształów.

3

1D resistivity inversion technique in the mapping of igneous intrusives; a step to sustainable quarry development

Nwachukwu M. A., Nwosu L. I., Uzoije P. A., Nwoko C. A.

Journal of Sustainable Mining

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2017

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Vol. 16, iss. 4

127--138

EN

The use of trial pits as a first step in quarry site development causes land degradation and results in more failure than success for potential quarry investors in some parts of the world. In this paper, resistivity, depth and distance values derived from 26 Vertical Electric Soundings (VES) and 2 profiling inversion sections were successfully used to evaluate a quarry site prior to development. The target rock Diabase (Dolerite) was observed and it had a resistivity range of 3.0 x 10⁴ - 7. 8 x 10⁶ Ω-m, and was clearly distinguishable from associated rocks with its bright red color code on the AGI 1D inversion software. This target rock was overlain by quartzite, indurate shale and mudstone as overburden materials. The quartzite, with its off-red colour, has a resistivity range of 2.0 x 10³-2.9 x 10⁵ Ω-m, while the indurate shale, with a yellowish-brown colour, showed resistivity values ranging from 6.1 x 10² - 2.8 x 10⁵ Ω-m. Topsoil was clayey, with a resistivity range from 8 - 8.6 x 10²u Ω-m and depths of 0.3-1.8 m, often weathered and replaced by associated rocks outcrops. The diabase rock, in the three prospective pits mapped, showed thicknesses of between 40 and 76 m across the site. The prospective pits were identified to accommodate an estimated 2,569,450 tonnes of diabase with an average quarry pit depth of 50 m. This figure was justified by physical observations made at a nearby quarry pit and from test holes. Communities were able to prepare a geophysical appraisal of the intrusive body in their domain for economic planning and sustainability of the natural resource.

4

Inwestorzy wiedzą, że z naszych kruszyw dobrze się buduje

Karpiński-Rzepa M., Kłosowski D.

Nowoczesne Budownictwo Inżynieryjne

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2015

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Nr 6

20--23

PL

Wywiad z Danielem Kłosowskim, prezesem zarządu Kopalń Porfiru i Diabazu Sp. z o.o. (KPiD) w Krzeszowicach.

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Badania porównawcze procesu kruszenia wibracyjnego w kruszarkach szczękowych

Sidor J., Mazur M.

Materiały Ceramiczne

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2015

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T. 67, nr 1

62--66

PL

Badania procesu rozdrabniania kamienia wapiennego i diabazu o uziarnieniu 0-40 mm przeprowadzono w dwóch wibracyjnych kruszarkach szczękowych o kinematycznym i bezwładnościowym wymuszeniu ruchu drgającego szczęk oraz w typowej kruszarce szczękowej. Kamień wapienny pochodził z Kopalni „Czatkowice” w Krzeszowicach, natomiast diabaz z Kopalni „Niedźwiedzia Góra” w Tenczynku. Celem badań było wyznaczenie wpływu szczeliny wylotowej na uziarnienie produktu kruszenia i wydajność kruszarki. Najkorzystniejsze wyniki badań: stopnie rozdrobnienia i50 i i90, udziały klas ziarnowych 0-1,0 mm i 0-2,0 mm oraz efektywności technologiczne, otrzymano w kruszarkach wibracyjnych.

EN

Research of the crushing process of limestone and diabase was carried out in two vibrating jaw crushers: one of kinematic and one of inertial actuation of the oscillating motion of jaws, and in a typical jaw crusher. The grain size of the crushed material was in the range of 0-40 mm. Limestone came from “Czatkowice” Mine in Krzeszowice while diabase from “Bear Mountain” Mine in Tenczynek. The best results concerning degrees of fragmentation: i50 and i90, outputs of grain classes of 0-1.0 mm and 0-2.0 mm, and technological efficiency were obtained in the vibratory crushers.

6

Model przestrzenny intruzji bardziańskiej w okolicach Zagórza (region kielecki Gór Świętokrzyskich) w świetle wyników nowych badań magnetycznych

Nawrocki J., Polechońska O., Salwa S.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2007

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Vol. 55, nr 12/2

1136-1142

EN

Detailed magnetic survey was performed in the western part of the Bardo Syncline (Kielce region of the Holy Cross Mts.). Geological map shows that the roots of the diabase intrusion that surrounds the Bardo Syncline should be occur at the surface in the study area. A shallow borehole of Zagórze PIG-1 was drilled at the place where the maximum anomaly of magnetic field was noted. Magnetic susceptibility and inclination of magnetic remanence of the drilled diabase and underlying Silurian sediments were measured. Based on these data and detailed magnetic survey, 2D magnetic modelling was carried out. Its results show that the shape of the Bardo intrusion in the area is not so complex as presented in the earlier works. Like in the eastern parts of the Bardo Syncline, there is one steep dyke that cuts pre-Silurian rocks. The dyke was spilled into Silurian strata. Its southern branch, observed in other parts of the Bardo Syncline, was not preserved in the study area, most probably due to erosion.

7

Promieniotwórczość naturalna skał paleozoicznych z rejonu Krzeszowic

Malczewski D., Badera J., Lizurek G., Mirkowski Z., Dorda J.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2006

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Vol. 54, nr 9

815-822

EN

In this paper results of natural radioactivity of 40K, 208Tl, 212Pb, 212Bi, 214Pb, 214Bi and 228Ac in common rocks raw materials mined in the Krakow vicinity measured in situ using a portable gamma-ray spectrometry are presented. The study area occupies the SE edge of regional geologic unit called Krakow–Lubliniec Zone. Most Upper Paleozoic rocks exposed in this area like tuff, porphyry, limestone, dolomite, diabase and melaphyre have great economic importance and are used in building and road construction industry. The activity concentrations of 40K for the measured Paleozoic rocks ranged from 53 Bq/kg (Carboniferous limestone) to 3150 Bq/kg (Permian tuff). The activity concentrations associated with 228Ac (232Th) varied from about 7 Bq/kg (Carboniferous limestone) to 56 Bq/kg (Permian tuff), whereas activity concentrations of 226Ra (238U) ranged from 19 Bq/kg (Devonian dolomite) to 43 Bq/kg (Devonian limestone). Besides, the natural radioactivity of the Jurassic limestones (widespread in this region) was measured for comparision with Devonian and Carboniferous limestones.

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Geochemical constraints on the origin of the mid-Palaeozoic diabases from the Holy Cross Mts. and Upper Silesia, southeastern Poland

Krzemiński L.

Geological Quarterly

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2004

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Vol. 48, No 2

147--158

EN

A geochemical study of Palaeozoic diabase dykes and sills from the Holy Cross Mts. and Upper Silesian Block (southeastern Poland) has revealed that these diabases are most probably derived from fractional crystallization of three distinct primarymelts. All diabases are relatively evolved subalkaline tholeiites with low mg-numbers that vary between 50.7 and 60.5. Their mantle normalised incompatible element patterns are intermediate between that of enriched mid-ocean ridge basalt (E-MORB) and ocean island basalt (OIB). The compositional differences within the diabases are interpreted in terms of slightly variable degrees of partial melting of their mantle sources combined with variable degrees of subsequent gabbro fractionation in high-level magma chambers. Some incompatible element ratios (e.g. Zr/Nb, Y/Nb) in the diabases and Nd isotope data from the cogenetic diorites seem to be consistent with mixing of partial melts from both enriched lithospheric and depleted asthenospheric mantle sources. Both Upper Silesian and Holy Cross diabases show strong chemical similarity to the continental flood basalts (CFB), which are associated with extensional tectonics. The Bardo diabase, located in the northern part of the Małopolska Block, can be hypothetically linked to the detachment of this unit from the Baltica margin and subsequent displacement to its final position between the late Ludlovian and Emsian, whereas the Milejowice-Janowice diabase (Łysogóry Unit) possibly relates to the extension of the Baltica passive margin during the Late Silurian, in the final stage of its collision with East Avalonia.