There are many scenarios that have been proposed for fifth generation (5G) networks. Some of them, if implemented, will bring fundamental changes at the architectural and node level. One example of such proposed technologies is device-to-device (D2D) communications which will change the nature of conventional cellular network design. D2D permits direct communication between two or more user devices without intervention of the base station (i.e. eNB). D2D can ensure network performance improvement over the traditional cellular network, because it can offload the mobile data traffic from the other devices. However, applying D2D features in a cellular network will bring about more complex interference problems, since D2D communication uses the same band as its underlying cellular communication network. The aim of this research is to investigate interference-related problems caused by D2D communications, affecting the underlying cellular networks, during downlink and uplink transmissions. The paper examines the use of power control methods to mitigate interference. A comparison is offered between fixed power level (FC) with or without power control, and adaptive power controls using two methods (AC1 and AC2), on a base station or on each of the D2D devices, based on the measured signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR). The simulation results show that both power control methods contribute to improvement of network performance. AC1 and AC2 can improve SINR by about 1 dB and 0.5 dB compared to FC in a downlink transmission, and by 0.5 dB in an uplink transmission.
The 4G networks are all-IP based heterogeneous networks that allow users to use any system at anytime and anywhere, and support a variety of personalized, multimedia applications such as multimedia conferencing, video phones, video/movie-on-demand, education-on-demand, streaming media, multimedia messaging, etc. Personalized services should be supported by personal mobility capability, which concentrates on the movement of users instead of users’ terminals. As the technology matures, traffic congestion increases, and competitive pressures mount, QoS and policy management will become more and more important. Also the users come with a number of new requirements on connectivity, and D2D networking technology must follow the idea of “Internet of things”. Operators must make sure they are working with vendors that have a strong framework to supply end-to-end QoS and are capable of supporting evolving needs. The paper discusses qualitative and quantitative indicators of telecommunication services. Main challenges that need to be addressed by nowadays and future systems are shown, and within them the massive growth in traffic volume and in the number of connected devices seems to play the most key role.
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