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Agroecological Substantiation for the Use of Treated Wastewater for Irrigation of Agricultural Land

Vasilyev S., Domashenko Y.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2018

Vol. 19, nr 1

48--54

The objective of this work is the agroecological substantiation of the use of treated wastewater for irrigation of agricultural land. As the result of the experimental research, it was established that the soil microflora plays an essential role in strengthening or weakening the biological activity of soil. Therefore, with an irrigation rate of 250 m3/ha of wastewater, a 1.5 times increase in the number of microbiota colonies is observed on average both in hog farms and cattle breeding complexes; with a rate of 350 m3/ha – a 2-fold increase; with a rate of 450 m3/ha – a 3.5–4-fold increase. An increase in nitrifying soil features has also been observed. Thus, if the value on the control in the soil layer from 0 cm to 60 cm is 27.2 mg of nitrate per 1 kg of arid soil, in the version with wastewater irrigation it reaches 46.7 mg. According to the research results, the use of defecate, the waste of sugar production, in the treatment of wastewater of livestock farms does not have a negative agroecological impact on the soil. Therefore, the method of wastewater treatment of pig-breeding complexes and farms can be recommended for use in irrigation reclamation, which includes treatment of wastewater with burnt defecate in the dose of 50–200 mg/dm3, with the pH value varying in the range of 7.5–8.5. After settling-out of the obtained mixture in settlers, it is divided into a transparent liquid fraction and the sediment, i.e. an organomineral fertilizer. Afterwards, the fluid body is fed to irrigation of agricultural land, and its excess is discharged into waterways and reservoirs. The sediment is fed to the vortex layer equipment with mobile ferromagnetic particles or thermolized, where their complete disinfection takes place.

New methods of research and development in the "experimentelle fabrik"

Beyer C., Brockop S., Engelmann F.

Prace Naukowe Instytutu Technologii Maszyn i Automatyzacji Politechniki Wrocławskiej. Konferencje

2003

Vol. 84, nr 41

83-92

The successful development of new high-quality products ensures stable volumes of sales for companies. But the time from the idea to the market launch is continuously cut. There is less time to find new solutions, to check and improve the design. To market a profitable product, a lot of obstacles, for example the technological barrier, exist particularly to small and medium-sized enterprises (SME). Commonly an engineer in SMEs is simultaneous working on different tasks, like manufacturing, distribution and development, and on different projects. The consequence is, that the benefits of new technologies respectively the process chains are unknown, are not controlled, or the technology, materials and software are too expensive. Therefor companies develop and produce whatever can directly be financed and paid for, independent from existing technological, humanitarian, or personal interests. To reduce the barriers especially for small and medium-sized enterprises, new methods are studied at the Experimentelle Fabrik (Experimental Factory in Magdeburg, Germany) /1/. Based on the model of the Open Source Idea, known form computer science, it might be possible to bundle the small resource of material and manpower. The example Linux shows the success of this method. Also, under different circumstances, the American Express Company, known from its credit card, has opened a forum for small business owners, to exchange ideas of financing, bill paying and investments (www.openinla.com).First this paper will introduce the model of open source software development, followed by examples how this method could be used and how the Experimentelle Fabrik used the idea of open source to develop new products. The research of this method is in a beginning stage. This paper is a contribution to the discussion for a new way of research and development, which is an option for small enterprises and entrepreneurs to use their creativity for their own interests in product development.