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1

Comparing deterministic and statistical approaches for predicting “short can” defects in aluminium beverage can production

Baran Wojciech, Regulski Krzysztof, Kąc Sławomir, Milenin Andrij

Computer Methods in Materials Science

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2023

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Vol. 23, No. 2

29--38

EN

In the production of beverage cans, “short can” defects in the form of material discontinuities can occur during the deep drawing of cylindrical thin-walled aluminium products. These defects have a significant impact on production efficiency and scrap generation, and their occurrence is influenced by material and process properties. To determine the main influence of material on defect occurrence, two approaches were used: deterministic analysis of mechanical properties and microstructure, as well as statistical processing of production data using decision tree models. The latter approach was found to be more efficient, and a numerical tool was developed based on this approach to predict and reduce defect occurrence in the production process.

2

Proposed Hypothesis on replacing Non-Deterministic Approach to Abstraction due to the exhibition of faulty speculations

Indukuri Shreya, Konda Anil Kumar Reddy, Sharma Mellacheruvu Janakirama

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2020

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Vol. 24

69--72

EN

Non-Determinism is the word that is used to refer to an event or a series of the same that is said to be unpredictable but is assumed to be belonging to a domain of possibilities. From the inception, non-deterministic approaches have played a huge role in statistics, machine design, the definition of Random, and a few other domains to mention. Non-Deterministic processes are defined as the paths that lead to no fixed state but a set of possible states instead. One of the crucial reasons would be delving into the human understanding of processes and the ability to justify happenings around. A behavior that has accumulated throughout the evolution of mankind is to explain boundaries based on what is being perceived. The argument of Human Understanding of processes around can be of huge prominence as they play a vital role in explaining and demystifying a lot of misconceptions. One such aspect that is a resultant of this phenomenon would be a nondeterministic approach. The key focus of this paper will be on emphasizing how humans are limited to perceiving reality, how several misconceptions have accumulated around misstated definitions by the virtue of the same, have a closer look at Randomness, a sheer epitome of the same, and also propose a few potential applications that are affected by the hitherto stated problem.

3

Deterministic Meeting of Sniffing Agents in the Plane

Elouasbi S., Pelc A.

Fundamenta Informaticae

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2018

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Vol. 160, nr 3

281--301

EN

Two mobile agents, starting at arbitrary, possibly different times from arbitrary locations in the plane, have to meet. Agents are modeled as discs of diameter 1, and meeting occurs when these discs touch. Agents have different labels which are positive integers. Each agent knows its own label, but not the label of the other agent. Agents are equipped with compasses and have synchronized clocks. They make a series of moves. Each move specifies the direction and the duration of moving. This includes a null move which consists in staying inert for some time, or forever. In a non-null move agents travel at the same constant speed, normalized to 1. We assume that agents have sensors enabling them to estimate the distance from the other agent (defined as the distance between centers of discs), but not the direction towards it. We consider two models of estimation. In both models an agent reads its sensor at the moment of its appearance in the plane and then at the end of each move. This reading (together with the previous ones) determines the decision concerning the next move. In both models the reading of the sensor tells the agent if the other agent is already present. Moreover, in the monotone model, each agent can find out, for any two readings in moments t1 and t2, whether the distance from the other agent at time t1 was smaller, equal or larger than at time t2. In the weaker binary model, each agent can find out, at any reading, whether it is at distance less than ρ or at distance at least ρ from the other agent, for some real ρ > 1 unknown to them. Such distance estimation mechanism can be implemented, e.g., using chemical sensors. Each agent emits some chemical substance (scent), and the sensor of the other agent detects it, i.e., sniffs. The intensity of the scent decreases with the distance. In the monotone model it is assumed that the sensor is ideally accurate and can measure any change of intensity. In the binary model it is only assumed that the sensor can detect the scent below some distance (without being able to measure intensity) above which the scent is too weak to be detected. We show the impact of the two ways of sensing on the cost of meeting, defined as the total distance travelled by both agents until the meeting. For the monotone model we show an algorithm achieving meeting at cost O(D), where D is the initial distance between the agents. This complexity is optimal. For the binary model we show that, if agents start at distance smaller than ρ (i.e., when they sense each other initially) then meeting can be guaranteed at cost O(ρ log λ), where λ is the larger label, and that this cost cannot be improved in general. Finally we observe that, if agents start at distance αρ, for some constant α > 1 in the binary model, then sniffing does not help, i.e., the worst-case optimal meeting cost is of the same order of magnitude as without any sniffing ability.

4

Planning process of the Polish transmission grid under non-deterministic conditions

Przygrodzki M., Lubicki W.

Energetyka

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2018

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nr 10

540--544

EN

The result of transmission planning process is an investment schedule. The goals of investment schedule are network enhancement and transmission capacity restoration. Elements of investment schedule are conditioned by deterministic and probabilistic issues. In particular, the high volatility of data for the transmission planning process deriving from energy market, organizational and technological realities, forces a change in approach. Under the conditions of functioning of the Polish power system, significant changes affecting the development planning process have occurred over the last several years. Among these conditions should be mentioned at least: the change in the country’s economy, organizational changes, technological development, energy market implementation, initiation of emissions trading and implementation of preferences for RES. These factors have forced the need for a new approach to transmission planning process, with particular focus on the meshed grid – 400, 220 and 110 kV. The article presents potential solutions of using probabilistic methods in the transmission planning process. Main reason of implementation proposed probabilistic approach is to investigate the influence of random factors on future transmission network structure. New elements of the process will be presented introducing main non-deterministic issues. Results of the calculation achieved for the test cases (based on transmission system model) will be shown. Finally transparency aspects in Poland will be described. Basically, transparency of transmission planning process is ensured on several levels – national and local. Planning process is provided directly by Transmission System Operator. The results need to be approved by Energy Regulatory Office. Transparency becomes really important on the stage of spatial planning, constructing and investment realization phase.

PL

Wynikiem procesu planowania sieci przesyłowych jest harmonogram inwestycyjny. Głównymi celami takiego harmonogramu są rozbudowa tych sieci i przywrócenie ich zdolności przesyłowych. Elementy harmonogramu inwestycyjnego są warunkowane kwestiami deterministycznymi i probabilistycznymi, W szczególności duża zmienność danych niezbędnych dla procesu planowania przesyłu wynikającego z zapotrzebowania na rynku energii oraz realiów organizacyjnych i technologicznych, wymusza zmiany w podejściu do zagadnienia. W warunkach, w których funkcjonuje polski system energetyczny, znaczące zmiany mające wpływ na rozwój procesu planowania zachodzą od kilku ostatnich lat. Wśród tych warunków należałoby przynajmniej wymienić takie, jak zmiany w gospodarce krajowej, zmiany organizacyjne, postęp technologiczny, wprowadzenie rynku energii, początek działania systemu handlu uprawnieniami do emisji oraz wdrożenie preferencji dla OZE. Czynniki te wymusiły potrzebę zastosowania nowego podejścia do procesu planowania przesyłu, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem gęsto ze sobą powiązanych sieci 400, 220 i 110 kV. W artykule przedstawione są potencjalne rozwiązania dla wykorzystania metod probabilistycznych w procesie planowania przesyłu. Głównym powodem dla wprowadzenia tego proponowanego probabilistycznego podejścia jest zbadanie wpływu czynników losowych na przyszłą strukturę sieci przesyłowych. Zostaną zaprezentowane nowe elementy tego procesu przedstawiające główne kwestie niedeterministyczne. Pokazane zostaną wyniki obliczeń osiągniętych w przypadkach testowych (opartych na modelu systemu przesyłowego). Na koniec opisane zostaną aspekty przejrzystości w Polsce. W zasadzie, przejrzystość w procesie planowania przesyłu jest zapewniony na kilku poziomach – zarówno krajowych, jak i lokalnych. Proces planowania dostarczany jest bezpośrednio przez Operatora Systemu Przesyłowego. Wyniki tego procesu muszą zostać zatwierdzone przez Urząd Regulacji Energetyki. Przejrzystość ma szczególnie duże znaczenie na etapie planowania przestrzennego, prac konstrukcyjnych oraz w fazie realizacji inwestycji.

5

Novel circuit implementation of universal and fully analog chaotic oscillator

Hrubos Z.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2012

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R. 88, nr 7a

18-22

EN

It has been shown that the so-called dynamical system of class C can be used for studying chaotic motions. Even though we are speaking about a deterministic dynamical systems, theirs future evolution can hardly be predicted. It is due to the extreme sensitivity on tiny changes in the initial conditions. Everything follows from the general theory of the chaotic dynamics – one must have a large number of unstable initial conditions. This also suggests that a little change in the values of variable parameters can cause a dramatic change of the state space attractor’s shape. This was also the main motivations to the construction of the optimized dynamical system of class C with piecewise-linear (PWL) feedback. Based on the given system of first-order differential equations, a fully analog chaotic oscillator works in hybrid mode has been discovered for laboratory measurements. Main contribution of this work is right in circuitry implementation of a fully analog chaotic oscillator with a new available active elements. The advantage is immediately evident. The smaller number of active elements is in the whole circuit. The proper function of the final circuit structure has been verified by means of the PSpice simulator as well as by a practical experiments on the real oscillator. The corresponding results are also given.

PL

Tak zwany dynamiczny system klasy C może być użyty do studiowania procesów chaotycznych. W pracy do badań zastosowano system klasy C z liniowym sprzężeniem zwrotnym PWL. Uzyskano analogowy generator przebiegów chaotycznych. Zaletą jego jest mała liczba elementów aktywnych. Układ sprawdzono eksperymentalnie i przez symulacje.

6

Signal and image analysis using chaos theory and fractal geometry

Klonowski W.

Machine Graphics and Vision

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2000

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Vol. 9, No. 1/2

403-431

EN

Fractal geometry has proven to be a useful tool in quantifying the structure of a wide range of idealized and naturally occurring ogjects, from pure mathematics, through physics and chemistryt, to biology and medicine. In the past few years fractal analysis techniques have gained increasing attention in signal and image processing, especially in medical sciences, e.g. in pathology, neuropsychiatry, cardiology. This article intends to describe fractal techniques and its applications. We concentrate on applications of chaos theory and fractal geometry in biosignal and biomedical image analysis.

7

Selected problems and methods for the probabilistic analysis of sequencing tasks

Gawiejnowicz Stanisław

Matematyka Stosowana : matematyka dla społeczeństwa

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1995

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Nr 38

101--112

PL

W artykule przedstawiono problem szeregowania zadań na równoległych procesorach oraz wybrane metody jego probabilistycznej analizy. Umieszczone w tekście przykłady dotyczą algorytmów LS i LPT badanych w oparciu o kryterium Cmax.