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Uncooled IR photodetectors for smart munitions

Piotrowski J., Brzozowski P.

Problemy Techniki Uzbrojenia

2000

R. 29, z. 72

29--49

Recent developments in uncooled infrared photodetectors for smart munitions are reviewed. We discuss fundamental limits to performance and barriers in practical implementation of the devices. The performance of infrared detectors is fundamentally limited at a low level by the noise due to statistical nature of the thermal generation and recombination processes. There are also technological problems in to achieve this level in practice. An advanced photovoltaic detector operating at ambient temperature in the MWIR and LWIR range, which overcomes existing difficulties, is reported. The device is based on 3-dimentional HgCdTe heterostructures monolithically immersed to ≈50x50 μm microlenses, which are formed directly in. the substrate with photolithography, wet etching and ion milling. The heterostructures are supplied with passivation and metal layers, which also act as the backside reflector and optical barrier preventing unwanted optical generation due to backside thermal background. Calculation shows that the 2D arrays of the devices are capable to achieve thermal resolution of 0.05 K for 30/sec frame rate und F#=2, optics which promises wide scale applications in smart munitions.