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Detection and Recognition of Environmental Sounds by Musicians and Non-Musicians

Miśkiewicz A., Rościszewska T., Żera J., Majer J., Okoń-Makowska B.

Archives of Acoustics

2018

Vol. 43, No. 4

581--592

The article reports three experiments conducted to determine whether musicians possess better ability of recognising the sources of natural sounds than non-musicians. The study was inspired by reports which indicate that musical training develops not only musical hearing, but also enhances various non-musical auditory capabilities. Recognition and detection thresholds were measured for recordings of environment al sounds presented in quiet (Experiment 1) and in the background of a noise masker (Experiment 2). The listener’s ability of sound source recognition was inferred from the recognition-detection threshold gap (RDTG) defined as the difference in signal level between the thresholds of sound recognition and sound detection. Contrary to what was expected from reports of enhanced auditory abilities of musicians, the RDTGs were not smaller for musicians than for non-musicians. In Experiment 3, detection thresholds were measured with an adaptive procedure comprising three interleaved stimulus tracks with different sounds. It was found that the threshold elevation caused by stimulus interleaving was similar for musicians and non-musicians. The lack of superiority of musicians over non-musicians in the auditory tasks Explorer in this study is explained in terms of a listening strategy known as casual listening mode, which is a basis for auditory orientation in the environment.

Radar detection of tactical ballistic missiles: problems and methods

Sankowski M., Uruski P., Blok E., Rutkowski T.

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

2010

Vol. 51, nr 2

77-84

In this paper recent works on the problem of detection of dim moving targets in a single 3D stacked-beam (SB) radar and my means of a network of such radars are summarised. Two approaches to estimation of the performance of the track-before-detect (TBD) technique for detecting tactical ballistic missiles (TBM) in a 3D stacked-beam radar have been presented. Properties of the TBD algorithm were first analytically described using a simple model of radar detection. A method for calculation of trajectory templates for TBMs detection was proposed and equivalent processing gains were estimated for particular TBD structures. Then, practical problems of designing TBD algorithms were discussed and performances of certain implementations of TBD algorithm have been evaluated using simulations. Multi-radar detection capacity of TBM is evaluated using modelling and simulation techniques. The outcome of the study is shown in the form of the estimates of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), as would be observed at the outputs of the matched filters of the radars.

W pracy podsumowano wyniki prac w zakresie wykrywania celów o nikłym echu w wielowiązkowym radarze 3D oraz w sieci takich radarów. Przedstawiono dwa podejścia do oceny efektywności metody track-before-detect (TBD) zastosowanej do wykrywania taktycznych rakiet balistycznych (TBM). Własności algorytmu TBD opisane zostały najpierw analitycznie, z wykorzystaniem prostego modelu matematycznego wykrywania radarowego. Zaproponowano metodę wyznaczania wzorców trajektorii rakiet TBM, na której podstawie oszacowano ekwiwalentne wzmocnienie z przetwarzania danych radarowych w wybranych strukturach algorytmu TBD oraz rozważono praktyczne problemy projektowania i implementacji algorytmów TBD oraz przebadano własności wybranych realizacji tych algorytmów metodami symulacyjnymi. Możliwości wieloradarowego wykrywania rakiet TBM przebadano metodami modelowania i symulacji. Wyniki badań przedstawiono w formie estymat stosunku sygnału do szumu (SNR), jakie mogłyby być obserwowane na wyjściach filtrów dopasowanych radarów.