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Phase-shift Fault Analysis of Grain v1

Hromada V., Pethö T.

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

2018

Vol. 64, No. 2

131--136

This paper deals with the phase-shift fault analysis of stream cipher Grain v1. We assume that the attacker is able to desynchronize the linear and nonlinear registers of the cipher during the keystream generation phase by either forcing one of the registers to clock one more time, while the other register is not clocked, or by preventing one of the registers from clocking, while the other register is clocked. Using this technique, we are able to obtain the full inner state of the cipher in reasonable time (under 12 hours on a single PC) by using 150 bits of unfaulted keystream, 600 bits of faulted keystreams and by correctly guessing 28 bits of the linear register.

A Robust Audio Watermarking Scheme using Higher-order Statistics in Empirical Mode Decomposition Domain

Wang W., Niu P., Yang H., Zhang Y., Ma T.

Fundamenta Informaticae

2014

Vol. 130, nr 4

467--490

The development of a desynchronization invariant audio watermarking scheme without degrading acoustical quality is a challenging work. This paper proposes a robust audio watermarking scheme in Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) domain, in which the higher-order statistics and synchronization code are utilized. Firstly, the wavelet de-noising is performed on the original host audio, the de-noised digital audio is segmented, and then each segment is cut into two parts. Secondly, with the spatial watermarking technique, synchronization code is embedded into the statistics average value of audio samples in the first part. Thirdly, for the second part, EMD is performed, and a series of Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) and a residual are given, and then the higher-order statistics of residual are obtained by using the Hausdorff distance. Finally, the digital watermark is embedded into the residual in EMD domain by using the higher-order statistics. Simulation results show that the proposed watermarking scheme is not only inaudible and robust against common signal processing operations such as MP3 compression, noise addition,resampling, and re-quantization etc, but also robust against the desynchronization attacks such as random cropping, amplitude variation, pitch shifting, and jittering etc.