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1

Production decline curve analysis for mature gas reservoirs subject to rehabilitation

Tataru A., Stefanescu D. P., Bolazs S

AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas

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2018

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Vol. 35, no. 1

255--269

EN

Production decline under all its aspects, sometimes controllable, but more and more inconsistent with the growing demands of the natural gas market, has imposed a new approach on mature gas reservoirs which Romania owns, namely, their rehabilitation. During exploitation, after recording a considerable production history and implicitly a appreciable depletion, it is necessary the evaluation of maintaining or changing the exploitation strategy. The approaches in this sense must be from the perspective of improving the value of mature gas fields. Throughout the exploitation of a gas reservoir generally there are distinquished several stages, such as gradually increase of gas flow rates due to increasing gas wells introduced into production; maintaining of a quasi-constant production; a accentuated decline of gas flow rates of the reservoir respectively a attenuated decline of gas flow rates of the reservoir. The first three stages are quite short reported to the whole exploitation process of the reservoir. The production decline appears sooner or later depending on the manifestation form of the reservoir energy. For the accuracy of the baseline which is to be established, can be taken in discussion, as reference intervals, those periods from the production history, in which the points dispersion is minimal, and flow rates respectively the production are comparable with the current ones. Taking into consideration the decline values obtained from decline curve analysis characteristically to every exploitation stage, we consider that to define the baseline production afferent to the next stage, it is optimal to accept the specific decline of the latest exploitation period. It can be noted that throughout production history, although the exploitation of the gas reservoir was intensified, due to accessing new reserve volumes, the decline tendency is to maintain at a limited interval. This behavior indicates the fact that also in conditions of intensifying the exploitation in the future, the decline will maintain a value sensitively close to the values from the latest periods, in which rehabilitation was applied.

2

Characterization of chemical processes involved in ozone depletion

Asira E. E.

International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy

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2014

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Vol. 2

53-57

EN

The earth’s carrying capacity to support human life has been overstretched by increasing need to meet food requirements, consumption of resources; amount of waste generation and choice of technologies. These activities release into the atmosphere, chemical constituents of varied concentrations. When these chemicals enter into the atmosphere, they are subjected to various transformations that yield products or intermediates that tend to alter atmospheric chemical balance. In recent years, the global problem of ozone depletion has underscored the danger of overstepping earth’s ability to absorb waste products. This study therefore, focuses on the various chemical reactions involved in ozone depletion and the effects of ozone layer depletion on plant, animals, materials and climate.

3

Nowoczesne metody badawcze zwiększające stopień sczerpania złóż ropy i gazu

Szuflita S., Kuśnierczyk J.

Prace Naukowe Instytutu Nafty i Gazu

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2012

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nr 182 wyd. konferencyjne

111--116

PL

W referacie przedstawiono nowoczesne możliwości badawcze Instytutu Nafiy i Gazu, Oddział Krosno. Zaprezentowano aparaturę do badań PVT w zadanych warunkach ciśnienia i temperatury złożowej. Są to dwa zestawy aparaturowe: — system rtęciowy, — nowoczesny, bezrtęciowy system PVT. Modyfikacje i rozbudowa posiadanej aparatury PVT o dodatkowe elementy/moduły pozwoliły na poszerzenie zakresu oferowanych badań o metody zwiększenia stopnia sczerpania złóż węglowodorów — zarówno ropy, jak i gazu ziemnego. W referacie przedstawiono badania procesu wypierania ropy z długich rdzeni wiertniczych (wypieranie z zastosowaniem różnych mediów wypierających i zmiennych parametrów prowadzenia procesu). Przedstawiono także prace badawcze dotyczące modelowania procesu desorpcji rodzimego gazu ziemnego rozpuszczonego w solance złożowej poprzez zatłaczanie CO2. Eksperymenty, wykorzystujące różnice rozpuszczalności CO2 i gazu metanowego w solance, prowadzone są na fizycznym modelu złoża charakteryzującym się porowatością i znaczną objętością porową, co umożliwia „zbliżenie się" do charakteru zjawisk zachodzących w prawdziwym złożu.

EN

The paper presents modern research possibilities of the Institute of Oil and Gas, Krosno Section. PVT equipment for the research in a assigned pressure and temperature reservoir conditions was presented. There are two sets of equipment: — mercury system, — modern, mercury-free PVT systems. Modification and expansion of PVT equipment with additional elements/modules made it possible to broaden the scope of research by methods of increasing the degree of exhaustion of hydro- carbon reserves — both oil and natural gas. The paper presents an investigation of oil displacement from long cores (displacement with use of different media supplant and variable parameters of the process). Also there were presented research works on the modeling of the desorption process of domestic natural gas dissolved in the reservoir brine through the injection of CO2. Experiments using different solubility of CO2 and methane gas in brine, shall be carried out on a physical model of the deposit characterized by porosity and large pore volume, which allows to "get closer" to the nature of the phenomena occurring in a real reservoir.

4

Depletion analysis of the HELIOS experiment using the MCB code

Oettingen M., D'Agata E., Döderlein C., Tuček K., Cetnar J.

Nukleonika

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2012

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Vol. 57, No. 4

435-441

EN

The focus of our studies is to present an advanced depletion analysis of the HELIOS experiment by means of the Monte Carlo continuous energy burn-up code (MCB). The MCB was used mainly to calculate nuclide density evolution in nuclear reactor cores. We present the capability of the MCB to investigate the depletion of nuclear fuel samples irradiated in the HELIOS experiment. In our studies we traced the behaviour of the main fissile isotopes, 242mAm and 239Pu, respectively. We also perform a sensitivity analysis to the choice of JEF2.2 and JEFF3.1 cross section libraries in terms of the released fission power and the evolution of actinide inventories. The amount of He produced at the end of irradiation, as well as Am and Pu depletion, were also considered.

5

Metody oceny stopnia zużycia węgla aktywnego w procesie oczyszczania wody

Świątkowski A., Biniak S., Pakuła M., Trykowski G.

Ochrona Środowiska

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2005

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R. 27, nr 1

3-6

PL

Przeprowadzono porównawcze badania nad oceną przydatności metod określania stopnia zużycia węgla aktywnego stosowanego do oczyszczania wody. Do tego celu wykorzystano próbki formowanego węgla aktywnego pochodzące ze złóż filtracyjnych, przez które przepłynęły trzy różne objętości wody. Dla każdej próbki węgla wyznaczono powierzchnię właściwą BET na podstawie niskotemperaturowej adsorpcji azotu, liczbę jodową, zawartość popiołu oraz ubytek masy podczas termograwimetrycznego ogrzewania w zakresie temperatur od 150 oC do 600 oC. Dla każdej próbki węgla zarejestrowano także cykliczne krzywe woltamperometryczne, używając techniki proszkowych elektrod węglowych i jonów żelaza(III) w roztworze kwasowym jako depolaryzatora. Wszystkie wyniki skorelowano z objętościowym przepływem wody przez złoża węgla aktywnego. Analizowano przydatność każdej metody do oceny stopnia zużycia węgla aktywnego w procesie oczyszczania wody.

EN

Comparative studies were carried out to assess the usefulness of the available methods for estimating the extent of depletion of the active carbon used in the water treatment process. For this purpose, we made use of extruded active carbon samples from filter beds after passage of three different quantities of water. The specific BET surface area was determined for each sample on the basis of low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, iodine number, ash content, and loss of mass during thermogravimetric heating from 150 oC to 600 oC. Also for each sample the cyclic voltammetric curve was recorded by the powdered carbon electrode technique, using Fe(III) ions in acidic solution as depolarizers. The results were correlated with the volumetric water flow through the active carbon filters. The benefits offered by each method when estimating the extent of depletion of the active carbon in the course of the water treatment process were analyzed.

6

Wstępne badania porównawcze rozpylaczy „anty-dryfowych”

Huyghebaert B., Bolly G., Mostade O., Sawa J.

Inżynieria Rolnicza

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2004

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R. 8, nr 3, t. 1

159--166

PL

Badano trzy typy rozpylaczy anty-dryfowych oraz jeden standardowy. Rozpylacze zostały wykonane z trzech rodzajów materiału: stal, ceramika, tworzywo. Oceniono wpływ zużycia rozpylaczy na współczynnik nierównomierności opadu rozpylonej cieczy (CV) i zmienność natężenia wypływu cieczy. Stwierdzono najwyższą trwałość rozpylaczy ceramicznych oraz wpływ stopnia ich zużycia na zmianę natężenia wypływu cieczy przy zachowaniu współczynnika CV.

EN

Three types of anti-drifting atomizers and one standard atomizer were tested. The atomizers have been made of the three types of the material: steel, ceramics, plastic. The effect of atomizer depletion on non-uniformity of sprayed liquid (CV) and fluctuation of the liquid outflow rate were assessed. The tests revealed the highest service life of ceramic atomizers and effect of the depletion level on the change in liquid outflow rate while maintaining the CV coefficient.