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1

Deodorisation of Industrial Gases Using a Biofiltration Plant

Wierzbińska Monika

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 10

47--56

EN

This paper proposes the use of natural fibres: cotton, hemp and jute, as an additive to the fillings in peat-bark biofilters used to deodorise industrial gases in order to increase the sorption properties of the biomass used. The subject of the studies involved waste gases from a grease trap, which were passed through biofilters to remove volatile fatty acids (VFAs) from them that are responsible for the odour nuisance of these gases. It was assumed that a set of microorganisms would be established on the biological material through a process of natural selection to convert the readily decomposable fatty acids into carbon dioxide and water. Gases were sampled upstream and downstream of the beds as well as analysed qualitatively and quantitatively on a gas chromatograph. On the basis of the changes in volatile fatty acid concentrations, the efficiency of the deodorisation process was evaluated. The deodorisation results were compared between the individual beds at the unstable stage of those beds filtration, i.e. during the period of biofilters activation and during their stable filtration. For each bed, the efficiency during each week of filtration was calculated. The efficiencies of removal of individual fatty acids from the waste gases were also compared. The studies show that a 3-month filtration period of the biofilter is sufficient for the biological bed to begin to effectively perform its function as a deodoriser of waste gases under industrial conditions. This period was characterised by considerable turbulence and activation of both the filter material and the microorganisms in the bed. During the first weeks of activation, the beds described in this paper showed relatively low deodorisation efficiencies (33–58%). In the next phase, there was an increase in flow resistance and a partial decrease in treatment effects to 32–47%. After that, there were fluctuations in deodorisation efficiency for several weeks until the microflora was established and adapted. During this period, the peat-bark bed had the best efficiency amounting to 70–80%. After 9 weeks, the beds were already partially activated, the microorganisms were moving towards equilibrium and the deodorisation efficiency with fibre beds was above 80%. After 15 weeks of filtration, the already activated biofilters reached efficiencies of over 90% and even 95% in the case of cotton.

2

The Removal of Organic Acids and Aldehydes from Gases Emitted from Composting Municipal Waste

Wierzbińska Monika

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 3

58--66

EN

The article describes an experiment conducted under industrial (real) conditions in a municipal waste composting facility. The waste gases emitted from composting processes were passed through an experimental installation built in a semi-technical scale. The installation consisted of two biofilters which were filled with different aluminosilicate beds with average granulation of 4–10 mm. The sorbents were inoculated with a mixture of microorganisms bred on the mineral bed, previously operating in the tank with the waste from that composting facility. Malodorous gases were passed through the installation and concentrations of organic acids and aldehydes before and after passing through biofilters with the examined sorbents. The aim of the experiment was to determine which of the two mineral sorbents better removes the analysed contaminations from post-production gases. The experiment lasted for a month, as difficult and highly variable industrial conditions caused problems with operation and the experiment was suddenly interrupted. The study will be continued after the introduction of design changes in the installation. After the month of conducting the study it can be conclude that in the first weeks of the study, before the dampness of sorbents took place, halloysite reduced the concentrations of acetic acid in 80–99%, and of acetaldehyde in 96–98%. The other aluminosilicate caused a drop in the concentrations by 97–98% and 92–86%, respectively. Moreover, in the experiment planned in the semi-technical scale, it was not possible to determine the overall performances of mineral biofilters due to unstable operating conditions and ending the experiment prematurely. The halloysite sorbent finally turned out to be potentially the more efficient than the other aluminosilicate sorbent.

3

Synthesis and application of natural sorbents with silver nanoparticles in reducing the emission of odours

Długosz Olga, Ptak Kornelia, Pulit-Prociak Jolanta, Staroń Anita, Staroń Paweł, Chwastowski Jarosław, Szostak Krzysztof, Banach Marcin

Mineralogia

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2020

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Vol. 51, iss. 1

47--59

EN

The paper concerns the applicability of silver nanoparticles for reducing the emission of odours. Silver nanoparticles were successfully adsorbed on three different dolomitic limestone samples. In the next stage, wastewater from the meat industry was mixed with sorbents modified with a variable content of silver nanoparticles. After 4 days and 7 days, the concentration of ammonia was examined spectrophotometrically. Also, the degree of reduction of total odour concentration by olfactometric method was carried out. Depending on the concentration of the silver nanoparticles on the sorbents, the concentration of ammonia was 15-42 μg/cm3 for nAg content equal to 0.08%, while for sorbents containing approximately 36% of nAg the concentration of ammonia was 0.09-16 μg/cm3. A leaching test of nanosilver from sorbents confirmed that the particles were bound with the sorbents by strong bonds. The percentage of eluted silver increased from 0.67% to 11%, with increased initial concentrations of nAg on the sorbents from 0.18% to 0.37%.

4

Fotokatalityczne utlenienie jako skuteczna metoda eliminacji odorów - zastosowanie i eksploatacja

Bartkowska I.

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

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2016

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Nr 5

189--194

PL

Coraz częściej dostrzeganym problem staje się uciążliwość zapachowa obiektów gospodarki komunalnej. Jest to wynikiem wzrastającego poziomu wiedzy i świadomości ekologicznej mieszkańców. Tym bardziej, że nie udało się do tej pory stworzyć uregulowań prawnych dotyczących tego zagadnienia. Należy zatem zwrócić szczególną uwagę na sposoby kontroli i ograniczania emisji substancji złowonnych. Tematem artykułu jest proces fotokatalitycznego utleniania (PCO), który znalazł zastosowanie do skutecznej eliminacji odorów. Można go z powodzeniem eksploatować w obiektach gospodarki komunalnej. W artykule przedstawiono charakterystykę, tego nadal jeszcze mało znanego, procesu oraz rozwiązania techniczne, które pracują na terenie kraju od roku 2005. Zastosowanie tych urządzeń w znacznym stopniu poprawia komfort przebywania w pobliżu obiektów gospodarki komunalnej, które emitują substancje złowonne. Zaprezentowano zastosowania procesu oraz dotychczas zdobyte doświadczenia eksploatacyjne.

EN

An increasingly recognized problem is the onerous odour of municipal sewage-treatment treatment plants. This is a result of ever growing level of knowledge and ecological awareness of population - the more so because so far efforts to establish legal regulations for this problem failed. Therefore one should pay special attention to ways of control and limitation of emission of bad-odour substances. The subject of this article is a process of photo catalytic oxidation (PCO) which is used to efficiently eliminate onerous odours. It can be successfully used at municipal facilities - sewage-treatment plants. The article presents a characteristic of this still little known process and technical solutions, which are implemented in the country since 2005. Utilization of these solutions significantly improves the comfort of dwelling close to municipal sewage - treatment plants, which release bad-smelling substances. The article presents the process and the use and so far gained operational experience.

5

Zastosowanie biofiltrów do dezodoryzacji uciążliwych gazów

Wierzbińska M., Modzelewski W E

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2015

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Nr 41

125--132

PL

Jedną z metod dezodoryzacji uciążliwych gazów jest metoda biofiltracji, polegająca na biodegradacji zanieczyszczeń z udziałem mikroorganizmów, w wyniku czego powstają związki nietoksyczne i nieuciążliwe dla środowiska. Metoda ta jest stosunkowo tania i praktycznie bezodpadowa, stanowi więc alternatywę dla klasycznych metod oczyszczania gazów z zanieczyszczeń odorotwórczych. W laboratoriach naukowych przeprowadza się wiele badań w zakresie optymalizacji procesu biofiltracji oraz podwyższania efektywności metody. W warunkach przemysłowych zastosowanie biofiltrów nadal jednak stwarza duże problemy. W artykule opisano mechanizm procesu biofiltracji, parametry i warunki, jakie muszą spełniać gazy poddawane oczyszczaniu, budowę instalacji do biofiltracji gazów, obszar zastosowań metody oraz przykłady eksploatowanych biofiltrów z uwzględnieniem praktycznych wytycznych eksploatacyjnych.

EN

One of the methods of deodorization of noxious gases is biofiltration. This method consists of pollutants biodegradation by using micro-organisms, what leads to the formation of nontoxic and innoxious compounds. In comparison with conventional techniques, bio-filtration requires lower investments and exploitation costs, moreover it is nature friendly. This technique is still developing. Scientists have carried out research on the optimization of biofiltration process, biofilters and selecting parameters of purified gases or improving the method of efficiency. However, industrial application of biofilters is still difficult for many reasons. In this paper we present the mechanism of biofiltration process, the parameters and conditions which have to be fulfilled by purified gases, installation structure for gases biofiltration, application field of this method and specific example of exploited biofilters, including practical operational guidelines.

6

Ograniczanie emisji zanieczyszczeń z zakładu branży elektronicznej

Lenik J.

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

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2011

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Vol. 52, nr 7

170-172

PL

Artykuł dotyczy zarządzania ochroną środowiska w przedsiębiorstwie produkującym obwody drukowane. Opisuje podstawowe problemy o.ś. występujące w branży i wskazówki do zorganizowanego sposobu ich rozwiązywania przy użyciu metody Czystszej Produkcji. W artykule opisano przykłady wytypowanych tą metodą i zrealizowanych projektów ograniczania emisji odorów i tlenku węgla do atmosfery, niklu do ścieków, ograniczania ilości osadów pozostałych po neutralizacji ścieków.

EN

The article refers to issues of environmental management at the plant manufacturing PCBs. It discusses the basie issues of environmental protection and related to the sector, as well as instructions for organised way of solving such issues by adopting Cleaner Production method. In the article examples arę described of emission reduction projects selected and implemented by adopting that method, with regard to emissions of odours and carbon oxide to atmosphere, nickel to sewage, and reduction of post-neutralization sewage sediments.

7

Estimation of the Influence of the Sorption Properties of Selected Natural Fibres on the Efficiency of Deodorisation Processes of Industrial Waste - Gases

Wierzbińska M.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2008

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Vol. 16, no. 1 (66)

108--112

EN

This article presents the results of research into removing volatile organic compounds from waste gases while using bio-filters filled with mixtures of natural materials, such as peat, bark, jute, hemp and cotton. Experimental filtration beds were installed in a fatty-products manufacturing company above a fatty-waste catcher (a container into which waste water from all the production departments of the company were linked). The waste-gases were guided through the filtration beds. The estimation of the process efficiency was based on a chromatographic analysis of the waste-gases at the input and output of the bio-filters. The article also presents the results of investigation concerning the desorption of water solutions of cotton, jute, and hemp fibres, consisting the active part of the filters. After some months of exploiting the filtration beds, the biological material was taken from the beds and conditioned at a constant temperature up to a? constant mass. The results confirmed the differentiation of the sorption properties of the fibres used, and at the same time the differences between the efficiency of the various filters indicated by us.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań nad usuwaniem lotnych związków organicznych z gazów odlotowych przy zastosowaniu biofiltrów, w których wypełnienia stanowiły mieszaniny naturalnych materiałów: torfu, kory, bawełny, juty i konopi. Złoża doświadczalne zainstalowano w Zakładach Tłuszczowych, gdzie przepuszczano przez nie opary znad łapacza tłuszczów (zbiornika, do którego wpływały ścieki z wszystkich działów produkcyjnych). Ocenę efektywności procesu oparto na analizie chromatograficznej gazów odlotowych wchodzących i wychodzących z biofiltrów. W opracowaniu przedstawiono również wyniki badań dotyczących desorpcji wody z włókien bawełny, juty i konopi. Po kilkumiesięcznej eksploatacji złóż, pobrano materiał biologiczny i wyznaczono krzywe suszenia w temperaturze 75 °C, korzystając z wago-suszarki WPS 210S, firmy RADWAG. Wyniki potwierdziły zróżnicowanie właściwości sorpcyjnych zastosowanych włókien, co uzasadniło stwierdzone różnice w sprawnościach biofiltrów. Najlepszym złożem okazało się być złoże z wypełnieniem torfowo-korowo-bawełnianym.