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The new concept of MIEX® resin dose categories. Swelling effect, reactor steady-state balance, and NOM removal process control

Mołczan Marek

Environment Protection Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 50, nr 1

91--103

EN

The use of powdered adsorbents for water purification has many advantages and one major drawback – lack of regeneration due to difficulty in separating powdered particles. This weakness is attempted to be broken by powdered magnetic adsorbents, in particular magnetic ion exchange resins, used to remove natural organic matter (NOM) from water. In this water treatment process, NOM removal is controlled by the adsorbent content in the reactor (adsorbent dose) and the degree of its saturation. The control over the dose and saturation is done by mutual relations between the regenerated resin stream directed to the reactor and the saturated resin stream received from the reactor. An obstacle in balancing these streams is a variable volume of the adsorbent resulting from its varied swelling, depending on the features of the solution and saturation of the adsorbent. For this reason, it was proposed to distinguish new resin dose and content categories adequate to these changes, the use of which allows full control of both streams. Thus, the reactor feed stream was associated with relative fresh resin content (RRC) and relative fresh resin dose (RRD), which indicate the volume occupied by the regenerated adsorbent in the solution of water during purification. However, the stream received from the reactor was associated with saturated resin content (SRC) and saturated resin dose (SRD), which indicate the volume occupied by saturated adsorbent in the solution of water under treatment. In turn, these two categories of contents/doses are related to the swelling degree (ηSR). Another role was assigned to the third dose category, which is absolute fresh resin dose (ARD), referring to the volume occupied by the regenerated adsorbent in the solution of demineralized water. Thanks to two key features with reference properties (demineralized water, regenerated adsorbent), ARD allows one to transfer laboratory results to practice and to compare the results of various research. The resin loss factor described by the ηLS indicator was also included in this structure.

2

Otrzymywanie wody zdemineralizowanej metodą destylacji membranowej

Gryta M.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2018

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T. 97, nr 8

1409--1411

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki badań otrzymywania wody zdemineralizowanej z wody powierzchniowej w procesie destylacji membranowej. Proces prowadzono stosując kapilarne membrany wykonane z polipropylenu. Badano wpływ temperatury nadawy (313-333 K) oraz stopnia odzysku wody (75-90%) na powstawanie osadów na powierzchni membran (scaling) oraz na wydajność procesu. Niezależnie od stężenia nadawy uzyskiwano czystą wodę o małej przewodności właściwej. Prowadzenie procesu przy wysokim stopniu odzysku (90%) spowodowało spadek wydajności procesu z powodu obecności osadów na powierzchni membran. Intensywność zanieczyszczenia membran znacznie zmniejszono, gdy wodę zasilająca podgrzewano tylko do 313 K, a współczynnik odzysku wody wynosił 75%. Morfologię oraz skład osadów badano metodą mikroskopii skaningowej połączonej z mikroanalizą rentgenowską.

EN

Membrane distn. was used for the prodn. of demineralized H2O from surface water. The effect of feed temp. and the degree of H2O recovery on the scaling layer formed on the membrane surface and process effectiveness was evaluated. A high H2O recovery degree (90%) was achieved, but the accelerated formation of deposits on the membrane surface (scaling) was obsd., esp. for feed temp. 333 K and H2O recovery degree above 75%. The morphol. and compn. of the filter cake was studied by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersing spectrometry.

3

Water demineralization by membrane distillation utilizing cooling water from municipal waste incinerator

Gryta M.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2018

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Vol. 20, nr 3

65--74

EN

The membrane distillation performance was studied for production of demineralized water from surface water (river). Hot water from cooling water system of municipal waste incinerator was considered as an energy source for membrane distillation. The integration of membrane installation with such cooling water system allows to re-use up to 18 kW per 1 m2 of the membranes. The studies were performed with the application of polypropylene capillary membranes Accurel PP S6/2. The membrane modules were supplied with the feed heated to a temperature of 310 K and 330 K. The permeate flux obtained for these temperatures was 2.8 and 9.7 L/m2 h, and the distillate conductivity was 6 and 4 S/cm, respectively. The water demineralisation process was carried out for 1200 h without module cleaning. The behaviour of the permeate flux and distillate conductivity indicate that used membranes maintained their non-wettability over tested period. The performed SEM-EDS examinations confirmed, that the deposits did not fill the pores and were mainly formed on the membrane surface. The scaling intensity was definitely smaller for lower temperature (310 K) of the feed. The amorphous deposits containing beside Ca also substantial amounts of the Si were mainly formed under these conditions, whereas at higher feed temperature dominated CaCO3 scaling.

4

Produkcja wody zdemineralizowanej techniką destylacji membranowej

Gryta M., Tomaszewska M., Karakulski K., Morawski W.

Inżynieria Chemiczna i Procesowa

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2001

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T. 22, z. 3B

469--474

PL

Przedstawiono proces demineralizacji wody wodociągowej techniką destylacji membranowej prowadzonej w modułach kapilarnych wykonanych z membran polipropylenowych. Omówiono wpływ sposobu przygotowania wody do procesu na tworzenie się osadów nieorganicznych na membranach. Oceniono stopień hydrofilizacji zastosowanych membran w badania długoterminowych.

EN

The demineralisation process of tap water by membrane distillation carried out with the use of the capillary modules made of polypropylene membranes has been presented. The influence of the pretreatment methods of Iced on a process of the formation of inorganic deposits on the membranes used during the long-term investigation has been evaluated. The phenomena of membrane wettability was also considered.

5

Z chłodni do kotła (przykład wykorzystania wód odpadowych do produkcji wody zdemineralizowanej przy zastosowaniu technik membranowych)

Krain F, Sąkol D.

Informacja Instal

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1999

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Nr 3 (181)

46--58

PL

W Elektrowni „Łagisza” SA wykorzystuje się wodę odpadową - odsoliny z obiegu chłodzącego do produkcji wody dodatkowej dla obiegu kotłowego. Technologia produkcji obejmuje mikrofiltrację (CMF), odwróconą osmozę (RO), wymienniki dwujonitowe (AK). W artykule opisano instalacje i załączono schemat ideowy produkcji wody dodatkowej z odsolin.