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Non-Uniformity of Water Demands in a Rural Water Supply System

Gwoździej-Mazur Joanna, Świętochowski Kamil

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 8

245--251

EN

The increasingly frequent use of computer simulations for the calculations concerning the water supply systems requires accounting for the demand patterns. Determining the coefficients of daily and hourly non-uniformity is indispensable for the correct designing or modernization of pipes in the water supply network. The first goal of article was to obtain the non-uniformity index for the preparation of hydraulic models in rural water systems called "N" system and "CWK" system. In this article, the authors present the results of the water consumption analysis in two rural water supply systems. The article presents the water consumption non-uniformity factors calculated over the course of a year, a month and a day. The article also included the calculated water demand curves over the course of a day, showing the variability of water demand with characteristic morning and evening water consumption peaks and changes of the consumption curve in the prospective development of the water supply network, where industrial consumers would become the main water consumers. The research material consisted of the water consumption measurements in two rural water supply networks situated in northeastern Poland, taken over the years 2010-2017. The article also shows the water demand curves in the studied rural water supply networks for every day of the week. The values of minimum and maximum hourly non-uniformity coefficients were compared to the mean value of these coefficients. The changes in the values of minimum and maximum hourly coefficients with respect to the mean value for the given hour may differ from -89% to +85% for hours of minimum demand. The changes in the values of minimum and maximum hourly coefficients with respect to the mean value for the given hour may differ from -16% to +30% for hours of maximum demand.

2

Badania wzorców zmian poboru wody przez odbiorców charakterystycznych w wybranym systemie wodociągowym

Kowalski Dariusz, Kowalska Beata, Suchorab Paweł, Nakonieczna Sylwia, Skwarek Magdalena

Instal

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2019

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nr 7/8

54--58

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań zmian poboru wody w okresie tygodniowym, z krokiem 20 minut, przez 59 odbiorców charakterystycznych, pobierających wodę z rzeczywistego systemu wodociągowego. Badania zmian poboru wody realizowano z wykorzystaniem wodomierzy wyposażonych w moduły programowalnej pamięci oraz zdalnego odczytu. Na podstawie zebranych wyników Autorzy opracowali uśrednione wzorce poboru dla następujących grup odbiorców: mieszkalnictwo, edukacja, gastronomia, hotele oraz zakłady ochrony zdrowia. Opracowane wzorce różnią się znacząco, co potwierdza konieczność ich wyznaczania na etapie budowy modeli numerycznych miejskich systemów wodociągowych.

EN

The paper presents investigation results of water demand patterns by 59 characteristic customers taking water from selected existing supply system. Duration of pattern includes 1 week, time step 20 minutes. The field research has been realized using water meters equipped with programmable memory modules and remote reading system. Basing on collected results the average demand patterns have been prepared for following groups of customers: household, education, gastronomy, hotels, medical clinics and swimming pool. The elaborated demand patterns differ significantly, which confirms the necessity of their determination at the construction stage of numerical models of municipal water supply systems.

3

Supply and demand of gypsum raw materials in Poland

Galos K., Szlugaj J.

Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi

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2001

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T. 17, z. 4

5-17

EN

The paper presents sources and production of gypsum raw materials in Poland in recent years, as well as characterise developments in leading industries, which consume these raw materials. Relationships between domestic producers and consumers of gypsum raw materials are also presented. As a summary, future gypsum raw materials balance on domestic market is anticipated.

PL

Artykuł prezentuje źródła i produkcję surowców gipsowych w Polsce w ostatnich latach, jak również charakteryzuje tendencje rozwoju czołowych branż przemysłu będących głównymi konsumentami tych surowców. Przedstawione są także relacje między krajowymi producentami i użytkownikami tych surowców. W podsumowaniu przedstawiono przewidywany bilans surowców gipsowych na krajowym rynku w najbliższych latach.