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Sustainability, Corporate Community Engagement and Enterprise Development – Lessons from a Case Study in Emu-Ebendo Niger-Delta, Nigeria

Ajide O. E., Strachan P. A., Russell A., Jones D. R.

Problemy Ekorozwoju

2017

Vol. 12, nr 2

59--67

Corporate community engagement remains an under researched area in sustainability debates. Presenting a case study, based on in-depth interviews and site visits, of how one indigenous company Energia Ltd has formed a strong partnership or bond with the Emu-Ebendo community in the oil rich Niger Delta, the dynamics of corporate community engagement are critically discussed. Evidence of how both the company and community has benefited from this relationship is presented. The case analysis concludes that the company has effectively utilised a clearer understanding of the culture of the host community, leading to a transformational relationship. The approach adopted by Energia Ltd in the Emu-Ebendo community is unique in context. The key conclusion reached is that community benefit funds and community enterprise development, as a derivative of corporate engagement, can play a transformational role in societal and economic development.

Kwestia korporacyjnego zaangażowania społecznego nie jest często podejmowana w ramach debat o rozwoju zrównoważonym. Lukę tę uzupełnia niniejsze studium przypadku, oparte na szczegółowych wywiadach i pracy w terenie. Pokazujemy, w jaki sposób kompania Energia Ltd wprowadziła zasadę partnerstwa, w wyniku której nawiązała się silna więź pomiędzy firmą a społecznością Emu-Ebendo zamieszkującą bogatą w ropę Deltę Nigru. Przedstawiono dowody, jakie korzyści odniosły zarówno kompania, jak i społeczność. Przeprowadzono analiza pokazuje, że firma efektywnie wykorzystała zasady wyznaczające ramy kultury lokalnej społeczności, co prowadziło do pozytywnych zmian odnoszących się do wzajemnej relacji. Podejście przyjęte przez Energia Ltd wobec społeczności Emu-Ebendo jest nowatorskie. Okazało się, że fundusze świadczeń społecznych i społeczny rozwój przedsiębiorstw, będące pochodną zaangażowania korporacyjnego, mogą odgrywać podstawową rolę w przemianach społecznego i ekonomicznego rozwoju.

Stratigraphy and sedimentology of the Niger Delta

Reijers T. J. A.

Geologos

2011

Vol. 17, No. 3

133--162

During the Cenozoic, until the Middle Miocene, the Niger Delta grew through pulses of sedimentation over an oceanward-dipping continental basement into the Gulf of Guinea; thereafter progradation took place over a landward-dipping oceanic basement. A 12,000 m thick succession of overall regressive, of flapping sediments resulted that is composed of three diachronous siliciclastic units: the deep-marine pro-delta Akata Group, the shallow-marine delta-front Agbada Group and the continental, delta-top Benin Group. Regionally, sediment dispersal was controlled by marine transgressive/regressive cycles related to eustatic sea-level changes with varying duration. Differential subsidence locally influenced sediment accumulation. Collectively, these controls resulted in eleven chronostratigraphically confined delta-wide megasequences with considerable internal lithological variation. The various sea-level cycles were in or out of phase with each other and with local subsidence, and interfered with each other and thus influenced the depositional processes. At the high inflection points of the long-term eustatic sea-level curve, floodings took place that resulted in delta-wide shale markers. At the low inflection points, erosional channels were formed that are often associated, downdip, with turbidites in low-stand sediments (LSTs). The megasequences contain regional transgressive claystone units (TST) followed by a range of heterogeneous fine-to-coarse progradational or aggradational siliciclastic (para)sequence sets formed during sea-level high-stand (HST). An updated biostratigraphic scheme for the Niger Delta is presented. It also updates a sedimentation model that takes into consideration local and delta-wide effects of sea-level cyclicity and delta tectonics. Megasequences were formed over time intervals of ~5 Ma within individual accurate megastructures that laterally linked into depobelts. The megasequences form the time-stratigraphic frame of the delta and are the backbone for the new delta-wide lithostratigraphy proposed here. Such a new lithostratigraphy is badly needed, in particular because of the vigorous new activity in the offshore part of the Niger Delta (not covered in this contribution). There, as well as in the onshore part of the delta, the traditional lithostratigraphic subdivision of the Cenozoic Niger Delta section into three formations is insufficient for optimum stratigraphic application; moreover, the various informal subdivisions that have been proposed over time are inconsistent.