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A Symmetric Approach in the Three-Dimensional Digital Waveguide Modeling of the Vocal Tract

Mushtaq Tahir, Kamran Ahmad, Qureshi Muhammad Zubair Akbar, Iqbal Zafar

Archives of Acoustics

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2023

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Vol. 48, No. 3

317--324

EN

Simulation of wave propagation in the three-dimensional (3D) modeling of the vocal tract has shown significant promise for enhancing the accuracy of speech production. Recent 3D waveguide models of the vocal tract have been designed for better accuracy but require a lot of computational tasks. A high computational cost in these models leads to novel work in reducing the computational cost while retaining accuracy and performance. In the current work, we divide the geometry of the vocal tract into four equal symmetric parts with the introduction of two axial perpendicular planes, and the simulation is performed on only one part. A novel strategy is defined to implement symmetric conditions in the mesh. The complete standard 3D digital waveguide model is assumed as a benchmark model. The proposed model is compared with the benchmark model in terms of formant frequencies and efficiency. For the demonstration, the vowels /O/, /i/, /E/, /A/, and /u/ have been selected for the simulations. According to the results, the benchmark and current models are nearly identical in terms of frequency profiles and formant frequencies. Still the current model is three times more effective than the benchmark model.

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Non-uniform Rectilinear Grid in the Waveguide Modeling of the Vocal Tract

Qureshi Tahir Mushtaq, Syed Khalid Saifullah, Zafar Asim

Archives of Acoustics

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2020

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Vol. 45, No. 4

585--600

EN

For many years, a digital waveguide model is being used for sound propagation in the modeling of the vocal tract with the structured and uniform mesh of scattering junctions connected by same delay lines. There are many varieties in the formation and layouts of the mesh grid called topologies. Current novel work has been dedicated to the mesh of two-dimensional digital waveguide models of sound propagation in the vocal tract with the structured and non-uniform rectilinear grid in orientation. In this work, there are two types of delay lines: one is called a smaller-delay line and other is called a larger-delay line. The larger-delay lines are the double of the smaller delay lines. The scheme of using the combination of both smaller- and larger-delay lines generates the non-uniform rectilinear two-dimensional waveguide mesh. The advantage of this approach is the ability to get a transfer function without fractional delay. This eliminates the need to get interpolation for the approximation of fractional delay and give efficient simulation for sound wave propagation in the two-dimensional waveguide modeling of the vocal tract. The simulation has been performed by considering the vowels /ɔ/, /a/, /i/ and /u/ in this work. By keeping the same sampling frequency, the standard two-dimensional waveguide model with uniform mesh is considered as our benchmark model. The results and efficiency of the proposed model have compared with our benchmark model.

3

Fotoniczne układy scalone w systemach odczytu danych z multipleksacją w dziedzinie czasu

Stopiński S., Smit M. K., Leijtens X. J. M., Malinowski M., Piramidowicz R.

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

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2011

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Vol. 52, nr 2

84-87

PL

W lym artykule przedstawiono projekt dwóch fotonicznych układów scalonych, które mogą zostać wykorzystane w systemie odczytu danych z multipleksacją w dziedzinie czasu. Pierwszym jest serializator optyczny zintegrowany z modulatorami elektrooptycznymi oraz wzmacniaczami półprzewodnikowymi, operujący na pojedynczej długości fali. Drugi korzysta z metody rnultipleksacji w dziedzinie długości fali i wykorzystuje multipleksery AWG, modulatory elektrooptyczne i wzmacniacze półprzewodnikowe.

EN

Two photonic integrated circuits which can be used in a data read-out system are proposed and designed. The designs are developed for use in a neutrino detector but the principle is applicable to a wider range of readout systems. The first one is an optical serializer integrated with electro-optical modulators and semiconductor optical amplifiers and operates at a single wavelength The second one employs a wavelength-division-multiplexing scheme and utilizes arrayed waveguide gratings, electro-optical modulators and semiconductor optical amplifiers.