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Przegląd metod wytwarzania kawitacji do degradacji zanieczyszczeń organicznych w środowisku wodnym

Gągol M., Boczkaj G.

Aparatura Badawcza i Dydaktyczna

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2017

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T. 22, nr 1

62--71

PL

Zjawisko kawitacji może być przydatne w oczyszczaniu ścieków przemysłowych. Energia uwalniana w strumieniu cieczy, w momencie wytworzenia kawitacji może być wykorzystana do efektywnej degradacji zanieczyszczeń organicznych w fazie wodnej. W niniejszej pracy dokonano przeglądu wybranych metod wytwarzania zjawiska kawitacji hydrodynamicznej, jak i sono-kawitacji. W przypadku kawitacji hydrodynamicznej najczęściej w celu zapoczątkowania zjawiska generowania pęcherzy gazowych wykorzystuje się przewężenia kanałowe oraz kryzy. Sono-kawitacja jest wytwarzana za pomocą wzbudników ultradźwiękowych. Najwyższą efektywność utleniania związków organicznych osiąga się, stosując sono-kawitację (od 30 do 60% redukcji ładunku zanieczyszczeń).

EN

Cavitation can be used as a useful method for a pre-treatment of industrial wastewater. The energy supplied to the stream at the time of cavitation occurrence can be used for an effective degradation of organic pollutants in the aqueous phase. This paper presents a state of the art of methods of producing hydrodynamic and sono-cavitation. In the case of hydrodynamic cavitation most frequently to initiate the phenomenon of the cavities generation a Venturi tube or orifice are used. Sono-cavitation is produced by means of the ultrasonic transducers. The highest efficiency of oxidation of organic compounds is achieved using a sono-cavitation (30 to 60% reduction of pollutant).

2

Wykorzystanie kompostów z odpadów komunalnych i sorbentów handlowych do degradacji zanieczyszczeń ropopochodnych

Ciesielczuk T., Rosik-Dulewska Cz.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2013

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Tom 15, cz. 1

766--779

EN

Most of used mineral and organic sorbents are hazardous waste and, therefore, in accordance with actual law regulations must be converted thermally or deposited in the special landfill for hazardous waste. Up to now both methods are expensive and burning methods are still watch as a controversial method . The optimal solution would be sorption materials that could be used repeatedly, without the need for costly and cumbersome lanfilling. Sorbents, which due to their properties could be used repeatedly, are MSW composts generated from mixed or only organic municipal waste. In this study we have investigated the rate of degradation of motor oil on MSW waste composts from two different technologies. Comparison of degradation efficiency, was calculated in comparison to the commercial sorbents. As sorbents were used organic (Peatsorb) and mineral (EcoDryPlus) materials which are in common use and available on the market. Both commercial sorbents were different in case of pH value and amount of biogenic elements and organic matter. Composts used in experiment also were characterized with high EC value, what could be a factor of microbial activity inhibition. During the experiment the total amount of standard diesel oil available on every petrol station and individual n-alkanes with carbon chain length from C8 to C19 was determinate. For comparison additionally was determined content of C20 and C21 n-alkanes. During the experiment, there were observed more intensive oil degradation processes on waste composts in comparison to commercial sorbents. Microflora which use n-alkanes as a carbon source, ensured quick (noted after 22 days of the experiment), reduction of the amount of hydrocarbons contamination in the samples, and thus the possibility of re-use of compost as a sorbent. The observed rapid degradation process, indicates the direction of the recovery of compost waste, used previously as a sorbent for the removal of petroleum contaminants (diesel oil). Undoubtedly, this is a cheaper way than the thermal incineration or storage.

3

Wpływ pracy separatorów na usuwanie wielopierścieniowych węglowodorów aromatycznych (WWA) z wód opadowych i roztopowych

Siebielska I., Szymański K.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2013

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Tom 15, cz. 1

749--765

EN

It's common to find petroleum substances, especially polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, in the sewer or haw waters of the urban environment. These polluted waters flows directly to the urban sewer system in the form of a wastewater. Examination of such events has been carried out in the city of Slupsk, the Pomorskie Voivodeship. In order to limit the polluted surface and rain water flow to the salmon river, twelve oil separators has been deployed around the city. First phase consisted of four such deployments. The separators were designed to filter the rain and surface waters. The following efficiency evaluation showed that according to polish law, in any case the PAH limits has not been reached. Evaluation of easily downward suspension samples also showed trace amounts of the substances. In 40 evaluation series (4 separators x 10 series) the limit was exceeded in 13 cases. The average efficiency of the separators was calculated to be 67.5%. For the four previously described separators the efficiency was as follows: Separator 5 and 17 – 80%, Separator 13 – 70%, Separator 14 – 40%.

4

Effects of cotton on several enzymatic activities of the petroleum contaminated soil. A laboratory experiment

Jingyan L., Jianxiong W., Ying H., Xianyong J.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2013

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Vol. 39, nr 1

163--182

EN

A laboratory experiment lasting for 90 days was conducted to examine the interaction between a remediation plant, Gossypium hirsutum, and the petroleum contaminated soil. Root indices and 9 various types of soil enzymatic activities in two separate groups were determined. Results showed that compared to the uncontaminated control, the growth of cotton roots was slightly strengthened at the pollution level of 1000 mg-kg-1, while seriously inhibited at the pollution level of 2000 mg-kg-1 and 4000 mg-kg-1. At the same pollution level, all studied soil enzymatic activities except alkaline phosphatase were markedly higher in the group with plants than in the group without plants which may indicate that the content of nutrients essential for plant growth as well as the activities of microorganisms capable of degrading contaminants were both enhanced in soils planted with cotton, therefore conducive to the increase of the overall fertility level and the degradation of pollutants in the petroleum contaminated soil.