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EN
The paper presents the problem of quality assurance of the laser cutting process of wood and wood-like materials and the selection of optimal processing conditions with respect to the required evaluation criteria. An experiment conducted to identify processing difficulties and potential causes of defects is described. Samples of three materials: pine wood, hardwood plywood and mixed wood HDF with a thickness of 4 mm were cut with a CO2 laser and visually inspected and the width of the slit was measured. It was found that there was a relationship between the laser operating parameters and the obtained slit width. The higher the cutting speed, the narrower the slit. The obtained numerical results allowed to formulate technological guidelines on the selection of laser parameters depending on the material. In turn, based on the visual inspection, defects depending on the material properties were identified. An example of a non-conformity identification manual was developed, which includes illustrations to enable comparative analysis in production. It was found that in the studied process, different criteria can be adopted to qualify a product as compliant or non-compliant. A dilemma may then arise as to which criterion is more important. Therefore, a quality evaluation criteria verification sheet was proposed. Furthermore, due to the fact that the success of the laser cutting process is also dependent on other factors, a list of risks to the process was made.
EN
In the era of global market and internationalization of enterprises, an extremely important element influencing the competitiveness of companies is ensuring high quality of manufactured products, taking into account the requirements and expectations of buyers. At the moment when defects appear in the manufactured product, the production plant ceases to meet the expectations of customers. Not only is this related to the costs of production or complaints, but above all to the loss of credibility and good customer opinion. It is extremely important to identify and analyze the causes of this phenomenon as soon as possible, without allowing it to repeat itself. The problem of manufacturing defects becomes even more important when it poses a threat to the health or life of the customer. This also applies to products manufactured for the purposes of food protection. This article presents the results of the research that enabled the development of a method to reduce the production defects of a selected product in a glass factory. In order to achieve the goal, an analysis of the production process of the selected glass packaging was carried out, which allowed to identify defects and determine the causes and effects of their formation. Based on the presented research results, improvement measures have been proposed, consisting in developing a new organization of work in the area of quality control.
EN
Porous silica, silica-cobalt, silica-zirconia and zirconia membranes were synthesized by the sol-gel method. Multi-step coating (two, six, and ten steps) was used to reduce the defectiveness of the mesoporous layer. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images indicated that an increase in the number of coating steps improved the mesoporous layer quality. The results obtained from gas permeability tests with nitrogen and argon, however, indicated a reduction in the gas permeability with increasing coating steps. The reduction in gas permeability from two to six coating steps was more pronounced than from six- to ten- coating steps. It was found that six-step coating was economically justified in obtaining a uniform mesoporous layer. The results of pore radius calculations by Knudsen flow mechanism revealed that the pores in the silica, silica-cobalt, and zirconia membranes were in the mesoporous range. The sols with a mean particle size more than 100 nm are not recommended for synthesis of mesoporous layer free of defects. Furthermore, the type of acid used as a catalyst is also important in obtaining a layer without defectiveness.
PL
W opracowaniu przedstawiono analizę wadliwości wyrobów szklanych na przykładzie kieliszków. Dane do pracy uzyskano na podstawie badań przeprowadzonych w okresie 2 miesięcy w wybranej hucie szkła. Przedstawiono możliwości wykorzystania narzędzi jakościowych, którymi są diagram Pareto-Lorenza i diagram Ishikawy. Opracowano arkusze wadliwości wyrobów oraz zidentyfikowano kluczowe dla wyrobów wady. Zidentyfikowano przyczyny powstawania wad oraz zaproponowano sposoby ich eliminacji.
EN
The paper presents an analysis of the defects of glass products on the example of glass. The data obtained for work on the basis of research conducted in the period of two months in the selected glassworks. The possibilities of using quality tools, which are the ParetoLorenz diagram and the Ishikawa diagram, are presented. Defective product sheets have been developed and key defects have been identified. The cause of the defects was identified and proposed ways to eliminate them.
EN
The paper offers an approach to solving the problem of ensuring the quality and reliability of electronics using a comprehensive optimization of manufacturing processes by means of the criteria of minimization of defectiveness and total expenses with application of end-to-end mathematical models.
PL
W artykule opisano sposób rozwiązania problem zapewnienia jakości I niezawodności elektroniki. Wykorzystano optymalizację procesu wytwarzania z kryterium minimalizacji defektów bazując na modelu matematycznym.
Logistyka
|
2015
|
nr 4
9650--9659, CD3
EN
The paper presents one of the tasks of logistics which refers to analysis and decision support making for performance measurement devices. Provide quality of the product comes down to continuous control of the degree of defective production stands and for this reason MSA measurement systems analysis may prove to be an effective tool. The need to analysis of measuring devices (systems) is visible also in the area of logistics. Article performs two experiments R&R(real and simulated data). Sample was measured multiple times by 4 operators. The most important result of R&R analysis is a graphical plot of the variability of results. The percentage of tolerance defines the evaluation of the functioning measurement system, taking into account variation of the part, variation of the measurement device and variation of operator. The paper discusses the process of measuring the thickness of the material used for packaging food products (films) and its characteristics. It describes the purpose and objective R&R analysis and also outlined the types of errors that can significantly affect the reliability of results which can be the persuasive information in the decision process. The study showed that consequently determining the capability of the measurement system is important aspect of quality and it may contribute to a significant reduction in the risk of claims and costs deficiencies.
7
PL
Ceramiczne płytki podłogowe na posadzki przemysłowe typu gres są formowane metodą prasowania. Normatywa kontrolna jakości wyrobów finalnych przewiduje badanie wytrzymałości płytek na zginanie. Parametr ten bardzo słabo informuje o ich jakości. W procesie użytkowania posadzki polegającego między innymi na jeżdżeniu po niej wózkami widłowymi z kołami z tworzywa sztucznego dochodzi do powstawania uszkodzeń krawędziowych zazwyczaj przy jednym końcu płytki. Aby wyjaśnić przyczynę uszkodzeń, wykonano ultradźwiękowe badania jednorodności gresu w płytkach. Do badań zastosowano metodę powierzchniową z wykorzystaniem głowic punktowych. Wykazano, że nie uszkadzają się płytki o dobrej jednorodności. Defekty pojawiły się w płytkach o znacznej niejednorodności. Podano granice wartości dopuszczalnej niejednorodności i zalecono metodę do bieżącej kontroli produkowanych płytek.
EN
Stoneware type ceramic floor tiles for industrial floors are formed using the compacting method. Standard quality control for finished products anticipates testing of flexural strength for tiles. This parameter provides very poor information about their quality. In the process of floor utilization, consisting, among other things, in driving of fork lift trucks with plastic wheels on it, edge damages occur usually near one end of the tile. In order to investigate the cause of the damage, ultrasound tests of homogeneity of stoneware in the tiles were conducted. The surface method with 'spot' heads was used for the tests. It was established that tiles with good homogeneity do not get damaged. Defects appeared in tiles with considerable heterogeneity. Limits for acceptable values of heterogeneity were given and the method for ongoing control of manufactured tiles was recommended.
8
PL
Wykrywane błędy w kształtowaniu układów torowych mają dwojakie podłoże - niewłaściwe projektowanie, nieuwzględniające sytuacji na gruncie, skutkujące ograniczeniami, które mogą wpłynąć na niepełne wykorzystanie prędkości pociągów lub jazd manewrowych, na jakie pozwala nowy element wprowadzany do układu oraz błędy wykonawcze, naruszające ogólnie znane zasady. Artykuł zawiera typologię obu rodzajów tych błędów oraz propozycje pewnych wielkości, które opisywałyby ich rozmiar. Przedstawione w nim przypadki są tylko pewnym, niewielkim zbiorem błędów, jakie można spotkać na sieci kolejowej w Polsce.
EN
Observed mistakes in rail track layout have a double origin - inappropriate designing of the new tracks element without taking into account of ground conditions, which results in speed restrictions for trains and limited switching/shunting operations, and constructions failures infringing main known rules. The article contains a typology of both kinds of mistakes and presents a proposition of values in order to describe their volume. Examples included in the article are only a small sample of the mistakes that can be observed on the Polish rail network.
9
Content available remote Research into emergence of radio electronic devices quality forming systems
EN
The results of the formalization of radio electronic apparatus quality providing processes and experimental studies of technological systems emergence are given.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono formalne określenie jakości elektronicznej aparatury radiowej z uwzględnieniem teorii matematycznej i praktycznych eksperymentów.
10
Content available remote Analfabetyzm techniczny - rzeczywistość, czy fikcja (analiza problemu)
PL
Jedną z przyczyn awarii konstrukcji spawanych jest brak zainteresowania aktualnymi trendami w konstrukcjach i technologiach spawalniczych. Rutyna, powielanie zdeaktualizowanych technologii i brak niezbędnych, podstawowych informacji o stosowanych obecnie metodach wytwarzania i materiałach, wpływają na wzrost awaryjności i wadliwości konstrukcji.
EN
One of the failures of welding constructions is the lack of interest in actual trends in welding constructions and technologies. The routine, the coping of obsolete technologies and the lack of necessary basic information about the manufacturing methods and materials applied currently have an impact on the increase in construction failure frequency and defectiveness.
PL
W swoim artykule autor wskazuje potencjalnym nabywcom na co należy zwracać uwagę przy zakupie sprzętu technicznego i ochron osobistych strażaka.
EN
The article is a kind of guide how to buy fire protection equipment, what is important for potential buyer, what for should he put his attention.
12
Content available remote Propozycja oceny jakości robót nawierzchniowych o charakterze ciągłym
PL
W pracy przedstawiono propozycje nowych zasad odbioru robót nawierzchniowych o charakterze ciągłym. Zdefiniowano kryteria odbioru oraz przeprowadzono ocenę uzyskiwanej jakości naprawy bieżącej i wymiany ciągłej nawierzchni na przykładzie wybranych odcinków linii kolejowych.
EN
Some proposals of the new rules for acceptance of superstructure work of continuous characteristic have been presented in the paper. The acceptance criterions have been defined and an assessment of obtained quality of running repair and structure replacement on case of some sections of railway lines have been given.
PL
Praca zawiera analizę wpływu czynnika ludzkiego na poziom wad produkcji wybranego przedsiębiorstwa w okresie 1995-1999r. Problem zawarty w pracy dotyczy analizy zależności: zmiany wewnątrzzakładowe (organizacyjne i technologiczne), jakość pracy mierzona zmianami poziomu wad w poszczególnych okresach.
EN
The work contains analysis of influence of human factor on level of defects of production select firms in period 1995-1999. Problem contained in work refers analysies of dependence: changes (oragnizational and technological) and quality of human work measured with changes of level of defects in investigated periods.
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