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1
Content available Polish Studies on Saturation Diving and Practical Application of Their Findings. Part III A, Technical and Organisational Issues of the Implementation of Saturation Diving in Poland from the 1990s Onwards. Part 1
Skrzyński Stanisław
Polish Hyperbaric Research
|
2023
|
nr 2(83)
7--22
EN
This article is another in a series of articles on the research and implementation of saturation diving technology in Poland. It discusses the specificities related to the implementation of this technology against the background of economic and historical conditions in our country. In Poland, the issue of saturation diving for the needs of the emerging offshore mining industry has been for over a dozen years dealt with by the Department of Diving Equipment and Technology of Underwater Works (Polish abbr. ZSNiTPP). In parallel, deep diving technologies were developed, in the first stage, as a basic diving technology and, since 1994, as complementary to ensure the full backup for saturation diving. Since 1995, saturation diving has become an everyday occurrence in the Polish economic zone of the Baltic Sea. This article shows the difficult path that the implementation of saturation diving took during a period of economic instability when the scale of the domestic offshore industry's facilities was small compared to global companies. Selected animators and participants in the implementation are recalled for two periods: one marked with the cooperation with the Italian underwater services company RANA and the other one, a period of implementation of long-term underwater works based on national capabilities. The article also considers the technical and organisational conditions for the implementation of saturation diving for the Polish mining industry. In 1990, the Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Company Petrobaltic (today LOTOS) played one of the key roles in the implementation of saturation diving in our country. The implementation of saturation diving in Poland was linked to the only operational diving system of Italian production, the Af-2, which enabled scientific research related to the application of new technical solutions and testing under operational conditions, as well as contributed to the development of scientific, engineering, and medical staff for the Polish offshore industry. The company played one of the main roles in the implementation of saturation diving in our country The 1995 became a landmark year in the history of saturation diving in Poland, as well as in the Baltic Sea. Through this technology, the process of installing the first two underwater exploitation heads on production wells B3-7 and B3-10 was initiated. The saturation diving was possible thanks to the leasing of the Af-2 diving system by Petrobaltic and its subsequent purchase by the Naval Academy in 1998.This system, after a series of upgrades, is still in service today.
2
Content available Polish Studies on Saturation Diving and Practical Application of Their Findings. Part III B, Technical and Organisational Issues of The Implementation of Saturation Diving in Poland from the 1990s Onwards. Part 2
Skrzyński Stanisław
Polish Hyperbaric Research
|
2023
|
nr 3(84)
7--26
EN
This article is another in a series of articles on the research and implementation of saturation diving technology in Poland. It discusses the specificities related to the implementation of this technology against the background of economic and historical conditions in our country. In Poland, the issue of saturation diving for the needs of the emerging offshore mining industry has been for over a dozen years dealt with by the Department of Diving Equipment and Technology of Underwater Works (Polish abbr. ZSNiTPP). In parallel, deep diving technologies were developed, in the first stage, as a basic diving technology and, since 1994, as complementary to ensure the full backup for saturation diving. Since 1995, saturation diving has become an everyday occurrence in the Polish economic zone of the Baltic Sea. This article shows the difficult path that the implementation of saturation diving took during a period of economic instability when the scale of the domestic offshore industry's facilities was small compared to global companies. Selected animators and participants in the implementation are recalled for two periods: one marked with the cooperation with the Italian underwater services company RANA and the other one, a period of implementation of long-term underwater works based on national capabilities. The article also considers the technical and organisational conditions for the implementation of saturation diving for the Polish mining industry. In 1990, the Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Company Petrobaltic (today LOTOS) played one of the key roles in the implementation of saturation diving in our country. The implementation of saturation diving in Poland was linked to the only operational diving system of Italian production, the Af-2, which enabled scientific research related to the application of new technical solutions and testing under operational conditions, as well as contributed to the development of scientific, engineering, and medical staff for the Polish offshore industry. The company played one of the main roles in the implementation of saturation diving in our country The 1995 became a landmark year in the history of saturation diving in Poland, as well as in the Baltic Sea. Through this technology, the process of installing the first two underwater exploitation heads on production wells B3-7 and B3-10 was initiated. The saturation diving was possible thanks to the leasing of the Af-2 diving system by Petrobaltic and its subsequent purchase by the Naval Academy in 1998.This system, after a series of upgrades, is still in service today.
3
Content available Studies on Saturation Diving in Poland and Practical Application of Their Findings. Part 2 B., Developing a Polish System of Saturation Diving in the 1980s and 1990s
Skrzyński Stanisław, Grzeczka Grzegorz
Polish Hyperbaric Research
|
2022
|
nr 3(80)
7--22
EN
This article is another in a series of articles on the research and the deployment of saturation diving technology in our country. This part discusses Polish specificities and achievements against the background of economic and historical context. It describes the creation of the base for saturation diving in the times of economic hardship in our country. Over this period, the shipbuilding industry was driving saturation diving research as a basis for the construction of diving systems to be exported to secure the extraction of the resources from the sea shelf. This paper describes the efforts of the animators and protagonists of underwater research in our country, whose work is continued to this day. In its second part the author shows how the Polish system of saturation diving was created. The article also considers the technical and organisational conditions in which the first saturation dives took place and the history of the development of the Polish decompression method for saturation diving. A key role in this difficult task was played by the creation of a base for this industry and research potential, assisted by the relevant state agencies, dedicated for the defence sector. A multiannual National Research and Development Plan (Polish abbr. CPBR) was set up with objectives 9.2 and 9.5 focused on medical and technical research resulting in the development of a diving system with its organisational framework, medical safety solutions, and reliable technology. The outcomes of this programme are still being implemented today. Despite advances in the medical and technical fields as well as organisation, the problems of saturation diving are still pertinent because, regardless of its complexity and high cost, this is the most efficient diving format that allows for very deep diving operations, currently up to 400-500m.
4
Content available Studies on Saturation Diving in Poland and Practical Application of Their Findings. Part 2 C., Developing a Polish System of Saturation Diving in the 1980s and 1990s
Skrzyński Stanisław, Grzeczka Grzegorz
Polish Hyperbaric Research
|
2022
|
nr 4(81)
69--92
EN
This article is another in a series of articles on the research and the deployment of saturation diving technology in our country. This part discusses Polish specificities and achievements against the background of economic and historical context. It describes the creation of the base for saturation diving in the times of economic hardship in our country. Over this period, the shipbuilding industry was driving saturation diving research as a basis for the construction of diving systems to be exported to secure the extraction of the resources from the sea shelf. This paper describes the efforts of the animators and protagonists of underwater research in our country, whose work is continued to this day. In its second part the author shows how the Polish system of saturation diving was created. The article also considers the technical and organisational conditions in which the first saturation dives took place and the history of the development of the Polish decompression method for saturation diving. A key role in this difficult task was played by the creation of a base for this industry and research potential, assisted by the relevant state agencies, dedicated for the defence sector. A multiannual National Research and Development Plan (Polish abbr. CPBR) was set up with objectives 9.2 and 9.5 focused on medical and technical research resulting in the development of a diving system with its organisational framework, medical safety solutions, and reliable technology. The outcomes of this programme are still being implemented today. Despite advances in the medical and technical fields as well as organisation, the problems of saturation diving are still pertinent because, regardless of its complexity and high cost, this is the most efficient diving format that allows for very deep diving operations, currently up to 400-500m.
5
Content available Research on saturation diving in Poland and its implementation. Part I B., General characteristics of saturation diving research in our Poland : Pioneer times, 1967-1985
Skrzyński Stanisław
Polish Hyperbaric Research
|
2022
|
nr 1(78)
73--86
EN
The article is the first in a series of articles on the research and implementation of saturation diving technology in our country which presents the specific Polish conditions and achievements against the background of economic and historical circumstances. In view of the fact that research and implementation has a history of more than half a century, selected key figures of this period are recalled, some of whom have disappeared in the fogs of history. In the specialized literature of the world, the Polish underwater habitats of Meduza are among top 6 countries that researched and implemented, this high technology of saturation diving. Regarded as the inspirer , pioneer and creator of the first saturation diving, he designed and developed the technique and decompression with the cooperation of a team of enthusiasts from clubs and professional divers, as well as engineering staff from the Tri-City enterprises. In the first part of the article the author characterizes the saturation dives in comparison with short dives with particular emphasis on decompression, which is the key to safe diving. The article also takes into account the technical conditions for the implementation of the first saturation dives. The author discusses the general methodology of validation and verification of the assumed decompression, referring to the Polish conditions. He describes how the medical, technical, and organizational problems of implementation of saturation diving were solved in the pioneering period against the background of world achievements. Furthermore, the author describes Polish habitat constructions of Meduza and Geonur types and their application to underwater work on the Polish shelf and coastal areas. Despite the great progress in the field of medicine and technology, as well as organization, the problems of saturation diving, despite the passage of time, remain relevant , as these are the most difficult dives from the point of view of organization, underwater physiology and safety technology.
PL
Artykuł jest pierwszym z cyklu artykułów dotyczących badań i wdrażania technologii nurkowań saturowanych w naszym kraju. Przedstawiono w nim polską specyfikę i osiągniecia na tle uwarunkowań gospodarczych i historycznych w tej dziedzinie. W związku z tym, że historia badań i wdrażania technologii nurkowań saturowanych w naszym kraju ma ponad półwieczną historię, przypomniano w artykule wybranych animatorów, bohaterów tego okresu z których kilku zniknęło w mrokach dziejów. W specjalistycznej literaturze światowej w pierwszej 6-ce krajów, które badały i wdrażały, tą będącą "high technology” technologie znajduje się Polska. W I części artykułu autor opisuje polskie konstrukcje habitatów typu Meduza i Geonur i ich zastosowanie do prac podwodnych na polskim szelfie i akwenach przybrzeżnych. Mimo wielkiego postępu w dziedzinie medycyny i techniki oraz organizacji problemy nurkowań saturowanych mimo upływającego czasu wciąż są aktualne, gdyż są to nurkowania najtrudniejsze z punktu widzenia organizacji, fizjologii podwodnej i techniki zabezpieczającej.
6
Content available Research on Saturation Diving in Poland and its Implementation. Part I A., General Characteristics of Saturation Diving Research in Our Poland : Pioneer Times, 1967-1985
Skrzyński Stanisław
Polish Hyperbaric Research
|
2021
|
nr 4(77)
53--72
EN
The article is the first in a series of articles on the research and implementation of saturation diving technology in our country which presents the specific Polish conditions and achievements against the background of economic and historical circumstances. In view of the fact that research and implementation has a history of more than half a century, selected key figures of this period are recalled, some of whom have disappeared in the fogs of history. In the specialized literature of the world, the Polish underwater habitats of Meduza are among top 6 countries that researched and implemented, this high technology of saturation diving. Regarded as the inspirer , pioneer and creator of the first saturation diving, he designed and developed the technique and decompression with the cooperation of a team of enthusiasts from clubs and professional divers, as well as engineering staff from the Tri-City enterprises. In the first part of the article the author characterizes the saturation dives in comparison with short dives with particular emphasis on decompression, which is the key to safe diving. The article also takes into account the technical conditions for the implementation of the first saturation dives. The author discusses the general methodology of validation and verification of the assumed decompression, referring to the Polish conditions. He describes how the medical, technical, and organizational problems of implementation of saturation diving were solved in the pioneering period against the background of world achievements. Furthermore, the author describes Polish habitat constructions of Meduza and Geonur types and their application to underwater work on the Polish shelf and coastal areas. Despite the great progress in the field of medicine and technology, as well as organization, the problems of saturation diving, despite the passage of time, remain relevant , as these are the most difficult dives from the point of view of organization, underwater physiology and safety technology.
PL
Artykuł jest pierwszym z cyklu artykułów dotyczących badań i wdrażania technologii nurkowań saturowanych w naszym kraju. Przedstawiono w nim polską specyfikę i osiągniecia na tle uwarunkowań gospodarczych i historycznych w tej dziedzinie. W związku z tym, że historia badań i wdrażania technologii nurkowań saturowanych w naszym kraju ma ponad półwieczną historię, przypomniano w artykule wybranych animatorów, bohaterów tego okresu z których kilku zniknęło w mrokach dziejów. W specjalistycznej literaturze światowej w pierwszej 6-ce krajów, które badały i wdrażały, tą będącą "high technology” technologie znajduje się Polskia. W I części artykułu autor opisuje polskie konstrukcje habitatów typu Meduza i Geonur i ich zastosowanie do prac podwodnych na polskim szelfie i akwenach przybrzeżnych. Mimo wielkiego postępu w dziedzinie medycyny i techniki oraz organizacji problemy nurkowań saturowanych mimo upływającego czasu wciąż są aktualne, gdyż są to nurkowania najtrudniejsze z punktu widzenia organizacji, fizjologii podwodnej i techniki zabezpieczającej.
7
Content available Polska droga realizacji dekompresji w podwodnych pracach głębinowych część 1. Rewolucja osobistych komputerów nurkowych
Skrzyński Stanisław
Polish Hyperbaric Research
|
2019
|
nr 3(68)
33--40
PL
W artykułuje autor przedstawia specyfikę dekompresji nurkowań głębokich w odniesieniu do rewolucji w nurkowaniach jakie przyniosło wprowadzenie osobistego komputera w nurkowaniach rekreacyjnych. Ciągły rozwój tych komputerów, szczególnie w ostatnich dekadach naszego wieku, dotyczył nurkowań głębinowych realizowanych w nurkowaniach technicznych i rekreacyjnych. Nurkowania głębinowe są trudne i ryzykowne w realizacji z punktu widzenia podwodnej fizjologii oraz realizacji dekompresji. Charakteryzując dekompresję nurka, realizowaną przy pomocy komputera dla nurkowań głębinowych, autor porównuje realizację dekompresji w profesjonalnych nurkowaniach głębinowych. Wskazuje on też na przeszkody formalne i techniczne na drodze wdrożenia komputerów osobistych nurka. W podsumowaniu artykułu ocenia zaś możliwość zastosowania komputera nurkowego w realizacji podwodnych prac głębinowych.
EN
In the article the author presents the specificity of deep diving decompression in relation to the revolution in diving which was triggered by the introduction of a personal computer in recreational diving. Continuous development of these computers, especially in the last decades of our century, concerned deep-sea technical and recreational dives. Deep-sea dives are difficult and risky in terms of underwater physiology and decompression. In characterizing the decompression of a diver, realized with the use of a computer for deep-sea dives, the author compares the realization of decompression in professional deep-sea dives. He also points out the formal and technical obstacles to the implementation of personal dive computers. In summary, the article evaluates the possibility of using the diving computer in the implementation of underwater works.
8
Content available Poland's path towards decompression realisation in underwater works. Part II. Decompression tables for commercial deep-sea diving in Poland
Skrzyński Stanisław
Polish Hyperbaric Research
|
2019
|
nr 4(69)
45--62
EN
In the article the author presents the specificity of decompression of deep-sea dives in relation to methods used in underwater works, with particular emphasis on commercial diving in our country. In the 50 - 90 m depth zone in the Polish offshore area, decompression was used in underwater works (works below the depth of 50 m) based on tables designed for bell diving. The technical, organisational and formal conditions of these underwater works corresponded to the national diving potential. The implementation of decompression, particularly in deep-sea dives, provides the possibility of performing it in many different ways. They, in turn, are the result of experience, diving technique, organisation and specificity of underwater works. The article presents the implementation of decompression from the executive side of underwater deep-sea works developed and carried out by the Department of Underwater Works Technology of the Naval Academy in cooperation with the Navy until 2001 and civil companies to date.
9
Content available Nurkowania głębokie w pracach podwodnych w Polsce
Skrzyński Stanisław
Polish Hyperbaric Research
|
2019
|
nr 2(67)
69--92
PL
W artykułuje autor opisuje polską specyfikę nurkowań głębokich, stosowanych w podwodnych pracach głębinowych. Krótko omawia stosowane na świecie metody nurkowania głębokiego, by następnie przejść do prac podwodnych na polskim offshore, strefie głębokości 50-90m (wg ustawy; prace głębinowe to prace poniżej głębokości 50m). Przy omawianiu tych metod podaje warunki, otoczenie techniczno-organizacyjne i formalne oraz prace, przy których były one wykorzystywane. Następnie przedstawia metodykę oceny efektywności głównego elementu prac głębinowych, jakim jest nurkowanie. Informuje o głębinowych pracach podwodnych na Bałtyku, realizowanych przez Zakład Technologii Prac Podwodnych Akademii Marynarki Wojennej przy współpracy z Marynarką Wojeną do 2001 roku, i firmami cywilnymi do chwili obecnej. Na podstawie własnych danych z podwodnych prac głębinowych przytacza metodykę oceny ich efektywności z punktu widzenia nurkowań głębokich, we wnioskach zaś przedstawia propozycje polepszenia efektywności tych prac.
EN
In the article the author describes the Polish specificity of deep dives used in underwater deep-sea works. The article briefly discusses the methods of deep diving used in the world to proceed to underwater works in the Polish offshore zone of 50-90m depth (according to the Act; deep water works are works below a depth of 50m). When discussing these methods, the author describes the technical-organisational and formal conditions and the type of conducted works. It then presents the methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of the main element of deep-sea works, i.e. diving. It provides information on deepsea underwater works on the Baltic Sea carried out by the Department of Underwater Works Technology of the Naval Academy in cooperation with the Polish Navy until 2001 and civil companies to date. On the basis of his own data from underwater deep-sea works, the author presents the methodology of evaluation of their effectiveness from the point of view of deep dives. In his conclusions, he puts forward recommendations for improving the efficiency of such works.
10
Content available Wydolność fizyczna nurków eksperymentalnych
Kłos R., Konarski M.
Polish Hyperbaric Research
|
2011
|
nr 2(35)
95-118
PL
W artykule zaprezentowano metody badań wstępnych nurków eksperymentalnych biorących udział w ustaleniu tabel dekompresyjnych dla aparatu CRABE w ramach pracy naukowej finansowanej ze środków na naukę w latach 2009 - 2011 jako projekt badawczy rozwojowy Nr O R00 0001 08, pt. "Projektowanie dekompresji w misjach bojowych".
EN
The paper presents preliminary research methods in the process of examining experimental divers taking part in a project whose aim was to create decompression tables for the CRABE apparatus. This developmental research project no. O R00 0001 08, called "Decompression design in combat missions", was carried out as part of a funded scientific work in the years 2009-2011.
11
Content available Fizjologiczne i biochemiczne parametry oceny bezpieczeństwa dekompresji
Olszański R., Radziwon P., Kozakiewicz M., Siermontowski P., Dąbrowiecka M.
Polish Hyperbaric Research
|
2011
|
nr 3(36)
45-58
PL
Artykuł porusza kwestie prawidłowego przebiegu procesu dekompresji oraz jej wpływu na stan zdrowia osoby nurkującej. Artykuł jest również próbą zmierzenia się z dokładnością tabel dekompresyjnych oraz metodami oceniającymi stopień zagrożenia chorobą dekompresyjną.
EN
This article discusses the proper course of the decompression process and its influence on a diver’s condition. The article also approaches the subject of the accuracy of decompression tables and the methods for assessing the risk of decompression sickness.
12
Content available Bezpieczeństwo helioksowych nurkowań saturowanych
Olszański R., Siermontowski P., Dąbrowiecki Z.
Polish Hyperbaric Research
|
2010
|
nr 1(30)
7-11
PL
Nurkowania saturowane są to wielodniowe pobyty nurków w warunkach hiperbarii kończące się jednorazową długą dekompresją. Ważnym kryterium oceny zagrożeń chorobą dekompresyjną powinna być ocena aktywacji hemostazy i fibrynolizy, która może nie tylko towarzyszyć objawom choroby dekompresyjnej, ale nawet ją wyprzedzać.
EN
Diving saturation are a divers in the multi-day stays hyperbaric conditions leading to a single long decompression. An important criterion for assessing the decompression sickness risk assessment should be evaluations of active hemostasis and fibrinolysis, which may not only be accompanied by symptoms of decompression sickness, but even to overtake it.
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