Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Datowanie luminescencyjne. Konstrukcja napromieniacza do weryfikacji efektu mocy dawki

Mandowski Arakdiusz, Mandowska Ewa, Smyka Robert, Majgier Renata, Szufa Katarzyna, Maternicki Krzysztof

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

|

2021

|

R. 97, nr 2

24--27

PL

Znając wartość naturalnego tła promieniowania można sposób datować materiały archeologiczne i geologiczne metodami luminescencyjnymi. Szacujemy wiek porównując dawkę naturalną z dawką laboratoryjną. Moce tych dawek różnią się o wiele rzędów wielkości. Nie wiadomo, czy takie porównanie jest uzasadnione. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki teoretyczne i doświadczalne dotyczące efektu mocy dawki oraz koncepcję kontrolowanego elektronicznie napromieniacza do testowania tego efektu.

EN

Knowing the value of the natural radiation background, it is possible to estimate the age of archaeological and geological materials using luminescence methods. We estimate the age by comparing the natural dose with the laboratory one. The dose rates for these two cases doses may fiffer by many orders of magnitude. It is not known whether such a comparison is justified. The article presents theoretical and experimental results concerning the dose rate effect as well as the concept of an electronically controlled irradiator to test this effect.

2

Luminescencyjne datowania w badaniach geoarcheologicznych

Kalicki Tomasz, Głuszewski Wojciech, Frączek Marcin, Przepióra Paweł

Postępy Techniki Jądrowej

|

2021

|

z. 3

34--41

PL

W artykule omówiono wyniki kilku interdyscyplinarnych geologicznych datowań wykonanych metodami optycznymi. Wiek starszych osadów, głównie plejstoceńskich określono za pomocą termoluminescencji (TL). Młodsze holoceńskie osady datowano z wykorzystaniem optycznie stymulowanej luminescencji (OSL). Na przykładzie osadów mineralnych zawierających kwarc wyjaśniono podstawy obu technik datowania. Często są one stosowane naprzemiennie, w zależności od materiału i jego szacowanego wieku. Metoda OSL rekomendowana jest do badania próbek na stanowiskach archeologicznych. W obu technikach analitycznych mierzy się wielkości dawek pochłoniętych naturalnego promieniowania jonizującego. Zwrócono uwagę na znaczenie laboratoryjnych źródeł promieniowania gamma w wyznaczaniu krzywych kalibracji.

EN

The article discusses the results of several interdisciplinary studies on the dating of geological sediments with optical methods. The age of older sediments, mainly Pleistocene ones, was determined by thermoluminescence (TL). Younger Holocene sediments were dated using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL). The basics of both methods of dating sediments containing quartz are explained. The OSL method is successfully used to determine the age of mineral sediment in archaeological sites. The basis of both analytical techniques is the measurement of the amount of absorbed doses of natural ionizing radiation. Also the importance of laboratory gamma radiation sources used for the determination of calibration curves has been emphasized.

3

Luminescence characteristics of intraplate-derived olivines

Clark-Balzan Laine, May Venera R., Preusser Frank

Geochronometria

|

2021

|

Vol. 48, no.1

73--94

EN

Olivine has so far attracted limited attention as a potential luminescence dosimeter. In particular, there is a dearth of information concerning the luminescence properties of geochemically characterised, pure olivine samples. Six well-characterised olivine samples from four intraplate settings are investigated in this study, including emission wavelengths and intensities, growth of signal with absorbed dose, signal stability and recovery of a given dose with a single aliquot regeneration (SAR) protocol. All tested olivines share a low-temperature (90–100°C) UV/blue thermoluminescence (TL) peak, and five of six samples also produce a low-temperature red/yellow emission. Higher temperature TL peaks, which would be thermally stable over geological timescales and could be used for dating, are rarely observed at low doses (c. 46 Gy), but detectable though dim at significantly higher doses (c. 460 Gy). Photostimulated luminescence (PSL) emissions are very dim, but reliably detected emissions are stimulated by blue, yellow and infrared (IR) light. PSL yielded generally successful dose recovery results; however, all tested signals are prone to significant anomalous fading and complex thermal transfer between unbleachable and bleachable traps. These characteristics must be addressed if olivine is to be used as a natural dosimeter for luminescence dating. Given the variety of luminescence responses, it appears that olivine samples in future dating work may need to be individually characterised prior to measurement.

4

Infrared Radiofluorescence (IR-RF) of K-Feldspar: An Interlaboratory Comparison

Murari Madhav K., Kreutzer Sebastian, Frouin Marine, Friedrich Johannes, Lauer Tobias, Klasen Nicole, Schmidt Christoph, Tsukamoto Sumiko, Richter Daniel, Mercier Norbert, Fuchs Markus

Geochronometria

|

2021

|

Vol. 48, no.1

105--120

EN

Infrared Radiofluorescence (IR-RF) is a relatively new method for dosimetric dating of the depositional timing of sediments. This contribution presents an interlaboratory comparison of IR-RF measurements of sedimentary feldspar from eight laboratories. A comparison of the variability of instrumental background, bleaching, saturation, and initial rise behaviour of the IR-RF signal was carried out. Two endmember samples, a naturally bleached modern dune sand sample with a zero dose and a naturally saturated sample from a Triassic sandstone (~250 Ma), were used for this interlaboratory comparison. The major findings of this study are that (1) the observed IR-RF signal keeps decreasing beyond 4000 Gy, (2) the saturated sample gives an apparent palaeodose of 1265 ± 329 Gy and (3) in most cases, the natural IR-RF signal of the modern analogue sample (resulting from natural bleaching) is higher than the signal from laboratory-induced bleaching of 6 h, using a solar simulator (SLS). In other words, the laboratory sample bleaching was unable to achieve the level of natural bleaching. The results of the investigations are discussed in detail, along with possible explanations.

5

Application of 239,240 Pu, 137Cs and heavy metals for dating of river sediments

Ciszewski Dariusz, Łokas Edyta

Geochronometria

|

2019

|

Vol. 46, no. 1

138--147

EN

The periodical nature of overbank sediment accumulation makes their detailed dating much more difficult than dating sediments in water reservoirs. To improve the commonly used dating with 137Cs, we combined this method with Pu isotopes and heavy metals in order to date sediments of the Chechło River (southern Poland), which was polluted by a lead-zinc mine. We analyzed 137Cs, Pu isotopes and heavy metal concentrations in three profiles of overbank sediments and in two profiles of subsidence basins in the lower river reach. The results indicate a lower accuracy and higher uncertainty of the overbank than the dating of reservoir sediments. The application of plutonium isotopes provided very important information validating caesium peaks or providing the principal information regarding horizons dated with heavy metals. The obtained dates give the earliest possible age of particular horizons with the actual sediment deposition delayed by several to a dozen years. This investigation shows that using plutonium radioisotopes can be a useful tool for dating, particularly of the youngest overbank sediments where numerous sedimentation gaps cause uncertainties in the application of other methods, e.g. radiocaesium and heavy metals.

6

Cross-dating tree-ring series of living European beech by isochronic weather records

Sedmáková D., Sedmák R., Bosel’a M., Ježík M., Sitko R., Hlásny T., Blaženec M.

Geochronometria

|

2016

|

Vol. 43, no. 1

48--58

EN

The main objective of the study is to facilitate cross-dating of sensitive tree-ring series from living European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) trees in the absence of a regional chronology. The main idea lies in the preliminary dating of marker rings or ring patterns visually identified on the wood (before the ring-width measurements), which is independently validated through a moving correlation between a tentative reference chronology and instrumental climate records (after the ring-width measurements). Following the detection of low moving correlations, potentially misdated segments or series are re-examined and a new tentative reference chronology is constructed. The process is repeated as long as a higher correlation with climate is obtainable. The applicability of this method was investigated on three difficult-to-date sets of tree-ring series of beech trees which were growing at temperature- or precipitation-sensitive locations in under-canopy or canopy positions. A good ability of the combined method for the cross-dating was practiced on datasets almost impossible to cross-date by commonly used approaches. Highlighting the actual correlation of ring widths with climate in tree-ring series makes the cross-dating process more independent from human decisions, so the com-bined cross-dating has the potential to improve the reliability of various dendrochronological studies.

7

Zastosowanie metody helowej do datowania i rozpoznania warunków krążenia wód podziemnych w zlewni Gwdy

Kotowski T., Najman J.

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2015

|

Vol. 63, nr 10/1

840--845

EN

<4He measurements for groundwater dating and recognition of the groundwater circulation purposes can be replaced by alternative total He (3He +< sup>4He) concentration measurements because the content of 3He can be ignored in most cases. In this study the total He concentrations in groundwater were determined using the GC (gas chromatographic) method. To study the variability of He concentrations, a profile of ca. 65 km in length was employed. He concentrations are low compared to the analogous values determined for similar aquifer systems. Variability of He concentrations is also low in the study area. He concentrations determined have made it possible to estimate the residence time of groundwater in Cenozoic aquifers, which is ca. 3,000 years. Taking the mutually noted observations into account, this indicates relatively rapid groundwater flow and a strong hydraulic connection between the aquifers within the study area.

8

Thermoluminescence (TL) dating of ancient Syrian pottery from six different archaeological sites

Bakraji E. H., Boutros N., Abboud R.

Geochronometria

|

2014

|

Vol. 41, no. 1

24--29

EN

Syrian archaeological pottery sherds were collected for TL dating from six different ar-chaeological sites named Al-Shermanieh, Tell Serah, Der Al-Hajar (south of Damascus), Tell Al-Shekdakah, Tell Al-Souwirieh (east of Damascus) and Khurbet Al-Kulieh (south west of Damascus). The samples were prepared by fine grain technique and the annual dose for each sample (pottery sherds and soil sample) was measured using an alpha spectrometer system for uranium and thorium contribution as well as with atomic absorption spectrometry for the potassium contents. The mean ag-es were found to be 5500 ± 150 years, 2950 ± 50 years, 1200 ± 50 years, 1300 ± 150 years, 3300 ± 100 years and 3400 ± 200 years for the examined pottery from the sites Al-Shermanieh, Tell Serah, Der Al-Hajar, Tell Al-Shekdakah, Tell Al-Souwirieh and Khurbet Al-Kulieh, respectively. The results were in good agreement with the ages estimated by archaeologists except for one sample which belongs to Der Al-Hjar site.

9

Sedimentation rates in the Lake Qattinah using 210Pb and 137Cs as geochronometer

Alhajji E., Ismail I. M., Al-Masri M. S., Salman N., Al-Haleem M. A., Doubal A. W.

Geochronometria

|

2014

|

Vol. 41, no. 1

81--86

EN

The constant rate of supply (CRS) of excess 210Pb model was successfully applied to assess 210Pb data of two sediment cores from the lake Qattinah, Syria. Gamma spectrometry was used to determine 137Cs and 210Pb activity concentrations. The bottom of the cores was 210Pb-dated to years 1907 and 1893. The accumulation rates were determined using 210Pb method and found to vary similarly in both cores from 0.10 ± 0.01 to 3.78 ± 0.57 kg m-2 y-1 during the past century. 137Cs was used as an independent chronometer. The two distinct peaks observed on the 137Cs record of both cores, corre-sponding to 1965 and 1986, have allowed a successful validation of the CRS model.

10

From the discovery of radioactivity to the development of the K-Ar dating method

Hałas S.

Geochronometria

|

2012

|

Vol. 39, no. 3

158-166

EN

In this paper I try to explain why the potassium-argon dating method was developed much later than other radiometric methods (like U-He and U-Pb), which were established at the beginning of the 20th century. In fact the pioneering paper by Aldrich and Nier (1948) was published 50 years after the discovery of polonium and radium, when nearly all the details concerning potassium isotopes and radioactivity of potassium-40 had been investigated. The role of Marie Curie’s concept of the na-ture of radioactivity in the discovery of the radioactivity of potassium is emphasized.

11

The E1' center in natural quartz: its formation and applications to dating and provenance researches

Toyoda S.

Geochronometria

|

2011

|

Vol. 38, no. 3

242-248

EN

Quartz is one of the minerals useful for electron spin resonance (ESR) dating. The E1' center is one of well-known paramagnetic defects in crystalline quartz. This center has a unique feature; its intensity increases on heating. An electronic process to explain this increase was found to be con-trolled not only by the number of oxygen vacancies, which are the precursors, but also by the number of Al hole centers, which depend on the previous radiation dose and on the Al concentration. The maximum intensity on heating is called the heat treated E1' center, which has been posited to correspond to the number of oxygen vacancies in quartz and was found to be correlated with the ages of the host granites (Toyoda and Hattori, 2000). The experimental results on spin-spin relaxation times of the E1' center indicate that external beta and gamma rays create oxygen vacancies in natural quartz rather than alpha or alpha recoil particles (Toyoda et al., 2005). The correlation between the numbers of the oxygen vacancies in quartz and the ages of the host granite made it possible to distinguish the quartz of a sedimentary reservoir from another with different age of crystallization (Toyoda and Naruse, 2002). Quartz fractions extracted from leoss and atmospheric deposition in Japan and from sediments in Japan sea were analyzed by ESR. The temporal change of the contributions from two dust sources in China were discussed in the context of climate change.

12

Surface dating by luminescence: an overview

Liritzis I.

Geochronometria

|

2011

|

Vol. 38, no. 3

292-302

EN

Daylight radiation resets luminescence ‘clock’ to zero on rock surfaces, but transmission depends on the transparency of the rock. On burial, surfaces are no longer exposed to daylight and ac-cumulation of trapped electrons takes place till the excavation. This reduction of luminescence as a function of depth fulfils the prerequisite criterion of daylight bleaching. Thus rock artefacts and mon-uments follow similar bleaching rationale as those for sediments. In limestone and marble, daylight can reach depths of 0.5-1 mm and up to 16 mm respectively, while for other igneous rocks e.g. quartz in granites, partial bleaching occurs up to 5mm depth under several hours of daylight exposures and almost complete beaching is achieved in the first 1 mm within about 1 min daylight exposure. The ‘quartz technique’ for limestone monuments containing traces of quartz enables their dating with Op-tically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) techniques. The surface luminescence (thermoluminescence, TL or OSL) dating has been developed and further refined on various aspects of equivalent dose de-termination, complex radiation geometry, incomplete bleaching etc. A historical review of the devel-opment including important applications, along with some methodological aspects are discussed.

13

Combined dating methods applied to building archaeology: the contribution of thermoluminescence to the case of the bell tower of St Martin's church, Angers (France)

Blain S., Guibert P., Prigent D., Lanos P., Oberlin C., Sapin C., Bouvier A., Dufresne P.

Geochronometria

|

2011

|

Vol. 38, no. 1

55-63

EN

St Martin's church, Angers, is emblematic of the problems raised in pre-12th century history of architecture. In view of the importance of this building, it was necessary to attempt to define its dating and this study particularly focuses on its bell-tower. In addition to the conclusion resulting from the interpretation of written sources and typological criteria positioning the construction of the site at the beginning of the 11th century, not only a significant number of 14C dates were carried out on charcoals from the masonry structures, but also independent dating by archaeomagnetism and thermoluminescence were performed on bricks from the bell-tower. The whole results from these three different methods agree and indicate the lower level of the bell tower was likely built in the 9th century, disputing evidence to the theory of construction in the 11th century of the church. Presented here are the detailed results obtained from the thermoluminescence (TL) dating analysis.

14

Badenian tuffite levels within the Carpathian orogenic front (Gdów-Bochnia area, Southern Poland): radio-isotopic dating and stratigraphic position

Bukowski K., de Leeuw A., Gonera M., Kuiper K. F., Krzywiec P., Peryt D.

Geological Quarterly

|

2010

|

Vol. 54, No 4

449-464

EN

We present new results of investigation of Middle Miocene Badenian tuffite levels exposed in Southern Poland within the Gdów "embayment" area (tuffites from Wiatowice, upper part of the Skawina Beds, foraminiferal biozone IIg) and compare them with the well known and extensively described Bochnia Tuffite level at Chodenice near Bochnia (upper part of the Chodenice Beds, foraminiferal biozone IIIA). The 4039

15

Future directions of luminescence dating of quartz

Wintle A. G.

Geochronometria

|

2010

|

Vol. 37

1-7

EN

Recent developments in our understanding of the limitations of optically stimulated luminescence as a dating tool are presented alongside summaries of results obtained on other luminescence signals measured in sedimentary quartz grains.

16

ESR dating of marine barite in chimneys deposited from hydrothermal vents

Okumura T., Toyoda S., Sato F., Uchida A., Ishibashi J., Nakai S.

Geochronometria

|

2010

|

Vol. 37

57-61

EN

Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) dating of marine barite in chimneys deposited from hydrothermal vents was attempted to determine the time since hydrothermal activity occurred. In this study, we used Barite (BaSO4) precipitated in icroenvironments in the chimneys deposited from the hydrothermal vents at the Archaean site in South Mariana spreading centre (12°56.4'N, 143°37.9'E) and at Hakurei site in the Izena caldron (27°15‘N, 127°04‘E) for ESR measurements. ESR spectrum of marine barite is characterized by an electron-type centre with g values of 2.0034, 2.0022 and 1.9995 attributed to SO3 –. The signal intensity increased with gamma ray dose. The dose rates of hydrothermal chimneys from the Archaean site and from the Hakurei site were calculated using a model that assumed a grain size and that incorporation of radionuclides after 226Ra in U series into the chimney, and assuming the efficiency of the defect formation by alpha particles to be the same as that for OSL. The ESR ages were estimated to be 470 years old for barite from the Archaean site and 5670 years old for one from the Hakurei site, although there is a considerable difference between the present ESR ages and the 210Pb/226Ra disequilibrium ages previously reported.

17

Zastosowanie metody luminescencyjnej do datowania zabytkowej cegły

Chruścińska A.

Kwartalnik Architektury i Urbanistyki

|

2009

|

T. 54, z. 3

63-75

PL

Metoda luminescencyjna pozwala określić wiek ceramicznego obiektu archeologicznego, który w przeszłości uległ wygrzaniu w wysokiej temperaturze (około 500°C), oraz wykazuje mierzalny sygnał tzw. luminescencji naturalnej, powstały w wyniku napromieniowania obiektu w miejscu jego pochodzenia. Procedura datowania obejmuje pomiar sygnału tzw. stymulowanej luminescencji oraz pomiar aktywności promieniotwórczej obiektu oraz środowiska, z którego pochodzi. Sygnał luminescencji naturalnej jest proporcjonalny do wielkości energii promieniowania jądrowego zaabsorbowanej przez badany obiekt w czasie będącym przedmiotem badania. Znajomość aktywności promieniotwórczej obiektu i jego środowiska jest konieczna do wyznaczenia wielkość energii, którą obiekt pochłania w czasie jednego roku. Pomiary stymulowanej luminescencji wzbudzanej w laboratorium umożliwiają natomiast wyznaczenie wysokości sygnału luminescencji, który jest generowany przez promieniowanie w ciągu jednego roku. Wiek uzyskuje się przez porównanie sygnału luminescencji naturalnej z sygnałem luminescencji wzbudzanej w datowanym obiekcie w czasie jednego roku. W pracy omówiono podstawowe zagadnienia dotyczące zastosowania metody luminescencyjnej do datowania zabytkowej cegły. Pokrótce przedstawiono historię badań luminescencyjnych ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem rozwoju metody datowania. Przywołano wyczerpująco wcześniejsze prace poświęcone datowaniu zabytków architektury. Fizyczne podstawy metody omówiono w zakresie, którego znajomość wśród badaczy architektury jest według autora niezbędna do podjęcia owocnej współpracy z fizykami. Zwrócono uwagę na wymogi metody, które powinny być wypełnione na etapie podejmowania decyzji o wyborze miejsca poboru próby do datowania.

EN

The luminescence method allows determine the age of ceramic archeological object, which was heated at high temperature (about 500°C) in the past and which reveals the signal of so-called natural luminescence, which arose as a result of the irradiation of the object in its place of origin. The procedure of dating includes the investigation of luminescence signal as well as the measurements of radioactivity of the object and the object surrounding. The natural luminescence signal is proportional to the value of nuclear radiation energy that is absorbed by the investigated object during the time being the subject of investigation. The knowledge of the radioactivity of the object and its surrounding is necessary for the determination of the value of energy that is absorbed by the object during one year. The measurements of the stimulated luminescence excited in laboratory, on the other hand, enable to establish the value of luminescence signal, which is produced by the nuclear radiation during one year. The age is obtained by means of the comparison of the natural luminescence signal with the luminescence signal, which can be excited in the dated object during one year. In the paper, one discusses the basic questions concerning the application of luminescence method for the dating of historic bricks. The history of luminescence investigation with particular consideration of the development of dating method is presented briefly. One cites, in an exhaustive manner, the earlier works devoted to the dating of historical buildings. The physical bases of the method are presented in the range that, in the author opinion, should be known by the architecture investigators in order to fruitfully cooperate with physicists. Attention has been paid to the requirements of the method, which should be fulfilled on the stage of making a decision about the place of sample collection.

18

Infrared Stimulated Luminescence and thermoluminescence dating of archaeological samples from Turkey

Meriç M., Atlihan M. A., Koşal M., Yüce. Ü R., Cinaroglu A.

Geochronometria

|

2009

|

Vol. 34

25-31

EN

In this study, the potential of Infrared Stimulated Luminescence (IRSL) and thermoluminescence (TL) for dating the archaeological samples (pottery sherds and soil sample adhered to surface of human bone) which were taken from a Necropolis was investigated. Archaeological sherds taken from Nusaybin (Mardin, Turkey), an archaeological site of archaic and Hellenistic period (from 330 BC to 30 AD), were dated. Samples were prepared by the fine grain technique and paleodose values were estimated by using multiple aliquot additive dose (MAAD) and single aliquot regenerative dose (SAR) procedures. The annual doses of uranium and thorium were determined by using the low level alpha counter. The potassium contents, which have no alpha activity, were determined by XRF equipment. The average age of the sherds were found to be 2375 ± 170 years which is in good agreement with the archaeological evidence involving architecture of castle wall, Necropolis and column sherds in the vicinity of the site.

19

Wątki murarskie i wątki polemiczne - o problemach datowania średniowiecznych budowli ceglanych w Kaliszu

Poklewski-Koziełł T.

Kwartalnik Architektury i Urbanistyki

|

2005

|

T. 50, z. 3-4

194-200

EN

The author argues that the hypothesis that the Old Town area in Kalisz, Great Poland, surrounded by a medieval defensive wall could be considered an urban area which developed in the second half of the thirteenth century has no foundation and has to be refuted. There are hydrological and archaeological arguments in support of this opinion. The existence of St. Stanisław's Franciscan Church and St. Mikołaj's parish Church, both built at the end of the thirteenth century, in the southern part of this area is beyond doubt. On the basis of observations made during the excavations, the author proves that the area to the north of the line connecting the two churches was formed by a meander of the Prosna River. The sandy backwaters and old riverbeds stabilized only at the beginning of the fourteenth century and it was then that the area became suitable for building purposes. The riverbed on the border of the meander was still occupied by the river at the beginning of the seventeenth century. Traces of a fourteenth-century and later settlement were discovered during the archaeological works conduced in this area. The hypothesis that this area was inhabited by people in the thirteenth century was practically ruled out. This is why the author thinks that the thirteenth-century town was situated to the south of the two churches. Janusz Tomala contradicted this opinion in 2004. This researcher a priori expressed the view that the urban area enclosed by the city wall exactly corresponds to the location and shape of the thirteenth-century town. The author is of the opinion that assumptions of this sort always require proof and the results of the study carried out by the author prove that Janusz Tomala's supposition is unjustified. In the second part of his article, the author points out that in Kalisz brick walls built using the so-called Wendish course are characteristic not only of the thirteenth-century structures but of the fourteenth-century buildings as well. The stratigraphy of this kind of course found in brick walls in Kalisz does not correspond to their chronological stratigraphy. In at least two buildings, St. Stanisław's Church and the town's defensive wall, the Wendish course is chronologically divergent. It is separated by a fourteenth-century wall section built using the so-called Polish course. The connection between St. Stanisław's Church and the defensive wall standing above the riverbed of the Prosna River which was still referred to as the new river at the beginning of the seventeenth century is particularly important to our argument. To sum up: The author is of the opinion that the conclusion inferred from the above-presented line of reasoning rules out Tomala's assumption that the brick walls erected using the Wendish course date exclusively from the thirteenth century. The author believes that Tomala's interpretation is methodologically incorrect and that all hypotheses formed a priori and resulting from an attempt to date the urban layout to an earlier time should be refuted. Taking into consideration the obvious facts presented above, the layout of the Old Town in Kalisz has to be dated to the fourteenth century and the time of the rule in Poland of King Casimir the Great.

20

Czwartorzęd regionu gdańskiego

Mojski J. E.

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2002

|

Vol. 50, nr 8

705-708

PL

W regionie gdańskim występują następujące, charakterystyczne cechy pokrywy czwartorzędowej: (1) Deniwelacje pomiędzy najniżej leżącym czwartorzędem i jego najwyższym położeniem osiągają ponad 600 m. (2) W obszarze delty Wisły występują dwa, a może i trzy poziomy różnowiekowych osadów morskich: holsztyński (?), eemski i holoceński (morze litorynowe transgresji atlantyckiej). (3) W profilu ostatniego zlodowacenia występują dwa pokłady glacjalne, datowane m. in. metodą termoluminescencji. Starszy około 61- ok.8 ka BP i młodszy ok. 20 - 12 ka BP. (4) Maksymalna w Polsce miąższość holocenu (głównie osady morskie i jeziorne), wynosząca przynajmniej 100 m na Półwyspie Helskim.

EN

In the Gdańsk region the following specific features of Quaternary cover occur: Denivelations between the Quaternary base and present-day surface achieve more than 600 m. In the Vistula delta plain there are preserved traces of 2 (or even 3) Pleistocene marine transgressions (of Hohteinian?, Eemian, and Holocene or Atlantic or Littorina age). The Vistulian sequence consists of two glacial episodes dated by TL metod: older about 61-58 ka BP, and younger at 20-12 ka BP. Thickest Holocene deposits in Poland (mainly marine and limnic sequence), exceeding 100 m in the Hel Spit.