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1

Neutrosophic data envelopment analysis based on the possibilistic mean approach

Mohanta Kshitish Kumar, Sharanappa Deena Sunil, Mishra Vishnu Narayan

Operations Research and Decisions

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2023

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Vol. 33, No. 2

81--98

EN

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a non-parametric approach for the estimation of production frontier that is used to calculate the performance of a group of similar decision-making units (DMUs) which employ comparable inputs to produce related outputs. However, observed values might occasionally be confusing, imprecise, ambiguous, inadequate, and inconsistent in real-world applications. Thus, disregarding these factors may result in incorrect decision-making. Thus neutrosophic sets have been created as an extension of intuitionistic fuzzy sets to represent ambiguous, erroneous, missing, and inaccurate information in real-world applications. In this study, we have proposed a technique for solving the neutrosophic form of the Charnes–Cooper–Rhodes (CCR) model based on single-value trapezoidal neutrosophic numbers (SVTrNNs). The possibilistic mean for SVTrNNs is redefined and applied the Mehar approach to transforming the neutrosophic DEA (Neu-DEA) model into its corresponding crisp DEA model. As a result, the efficiency scores of the DMUs are calculated using different risk parameter values lying in [0, 1]. A numerical example is given to analyze the performance of the all India institutes of medical sciences and compared it with Abdelfattah’s ranking approach.

2

Assessing telecommunication contractor firms using a hybrid DEA-BWM method

Valizadeh Omid, Ghiyasi Mojtaba

Operations Research and Decisions

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2023

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Vol. 33, No. 4

189--200

EN

Telecommunication companies have an important role in technology development, so evaluating the performance of these companies has been an interest of managers. This article uses a hybrid method using data envelopment analysis (DEA) and the best-worst method (BWM) to measure the performance of communication companies. The hybrid DEA-BWM method is used for the weight determination and performance assessment of 17 telecommunication contractor firms in the Khorsan Razavi province of Iran. We considered four inputs: gross losses, sales cost, legal reserve, and fixed assets. On the other side, three outputs including operation income, operation profit, and retained earnings are considered as outputs. Considering the input-output parameters and using the hybrid method by seven selected criteria, we rank all contractor firms. We found that the BPM firm has the best performance while and GKS firm is found as the firm with the weakest performance. Compared with the classical DEA methods, we found more reliable results with higher discrimination power, using the hybrid DEA-BWM.

3

Transport carbon emissions reduction efficiency and economic growth: a perspective from nighttime lights remote sensing

Yan Yuxiang, Li Jianing

Archives of Transport

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2023

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Vol. 66, iss. 2

21--32

EN

The carbon emissions are essential for climate change and 26% of the world's carbon emissions are related to transport. But focusing only on fewer carbon emissions might be biased at times. In order to keep a balance between economic growth and carbon emissions reduction, this paper evaluated the performance of carbon control by considering the input factors and output factors together, which is more comprehensive and reliable. Firstly, this paper has calculated the transport carbon emissions reduction efficiency (TCERE) based on the model of super SBM with undesirable outputs. The input factors include capital stock, labor force and fossil energy consumption. And the output factors include gross domestic product and carbon dioxide emissions. Then the influencing factors of TCERE were analyzed using econometric models. The economic growth, transport structure, technology level and population density were posited as influencing factors. This paper creatively proposed the per capita nighttime lights brightness as a new indicator for economic growth. An empirical study was conducted in East China from 2013 to 2017, and this study has found that the relationship between TCERE and economic growth shows an U-shape. Besides, transport structure and technology level both show a positive impact on TCERE. The implications of our findings are that: (a) The TCERE declines slower in East China, giving us reason to believe that the improvement of TCERE is predictable; (b) When economic growth exceeds the turning point, economic growth is conducive to the improvement of TCERE. We could develop the economy boldly and confidently; (c) Increased investment in railway and waterway transportation infrastructure projects is needed to strengthen the structure of the railway and waterway transportation systems. Furthermore, the general public and businesses should be encouraged to prefer rail or river transportation; (d) Investment in scientific and technological innovation should be enhanced in order to produce more efficient energy-use methods.

4

A slacks-based nonlinear DEA model with integer data : an application to departments of the Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch in Iran

Moazenzadeh Zahra, Saati Saber, Saen Reza Farzipoor, Matin Reza Kazemi, Sohraee Sevan

Operations Research and Decisions

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2022

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Vol. 32, No. 3

80--91

EN

Although Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) assumes that inputs and outputs take non-negative real values, in some realworld cases, data are integer-valued. In some situations, rounding a fractional value to the closest integer can lead to a misleading evaluation of efficiency and in some cases may lead to an infeasible projection point. To date, various radial and non-radial models have been presented. This paper proposes a slacks-based non-linear model that guarantees an integer-valued reference point for all integer targets. Also, the reference point of each target is feasible under the proposed model. The lack of a need to round answers to the closest whole value is an advantage of this method. In addition, the results of this model are compared with other models. An example is used to clarify the suggested method.

5

An application of the Negative Malmquist model for Vietnamese garment and textiles industry

Nguyen Thi Kim Lien, Nguyen Xuan-Huynh, Pham Hong V.

Management Systems in Production Engineering

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2022

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nr 1 (30)

74--79

EN

The study purpose is to measure the performance of the Vietnamese garment and textiles industry by means of the Negative Malmquist model using the data envelopment analysis (DEA) method. The empirical results presented the efficient, inefficient cases, and average efficiency for all garment and textile companies in Vietnam during from 2016 to 2020. The main findings determined that five companies, including HTG, TET, MSH, M10, and BDG possessed efficiency scores in whole terms. An overall picture of the garment and textiles industry in Vietnam is used to evaluate the operational process. The research recommends a feasible alternative method to deal with inefficient cases.

6

Input Use Efficiency in Operational and Maintenance Management of Small-Pumping Scale Irrigation Systems in Red River Delta, Vietnam

Dinh Dao Van, Nguyen Phong Tung, Tran Dat Van, Mukheibir Pierre, Ton Au Nu Hai

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 5

207--215

EN

In the Red River Delta (RRD) of Vietnam, small-pumping systems are one of main systems for paddy irrigation. It is imperative to analyze the operation and maintenance performance of irrigation systems by using the input factors when applying pricing mechanisms in the irrigation sector in Vietnam. In this study, based on the data of 48 irrigation systems managed by teams under irrigation companies, the non-parametric program, Data Envelopment Analysis, was used to measure the technical efficiency and scale efficiency for small-pumping scale irrigation systems in the Red River Delta. The seven input factors were the annual direct and indirect labor, materials, electricity, recurrent maintenance, overhead, and depreciation cost, and an output factor was the paddy areas irrigated by the systems. The results demonstrated that the average technical efficiency scores under constant returns to scale and variable returns to scale were 0.924 and 0.946, respectively. Thus, the wasted inputs were suggested to be 7.6% and 5.4% of the current input level, respectively. The average scale efficiency score was 0.977 and therefore, some 72.9% of the Decision-Making Units should adjust their input scales to achieve the efficiency in input factors.

7

Zróżnicowanie efektywności sektora towarowego transportu drogowego w Unii Europejskiej

Domagała Joanna, Borkowski Maciej

Gospodarka Materiałowa i Logistyka

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2022

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nr 7

24--31

PL

Celem artykułu jest określenie i porównanie efektywności sektorów towarowego transportu drogowego w krajach UE przy wykorzystaniu metody Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). DEA jest wielowymiarową metodą badania efektywności, umożliwiającą porównanie wielu efektów z wieloma nakładami. W ramach badań obliczono model DEA ukierunkowany na maksymalizację efektów. Jako efekty uwzględniono: przychody sektora transportu drogowego (mln euro) oraz pracę przewozową (tkm), zaś jako nakłady uwzględniono: zatrudnienie (tys. os.); długość sieci drogowej (km); zużycie energii (Mtoe); zarejestrowane pojazdy ciężarowe (szt.). Wyniki badań wskazują, że 10 z 28 badanych sektorów transportu w UE było w pełni efektywnych. Dla sektorów nieefektywnych, bazując na koncepcji benchmarkingu, zaproponowano zmiany w poziomie efektów.

EN

The aim of the article is to use the Data Envelopment Analysis method to determine the efficiency of the road freight transport sectors in EU countries. The DEA method is a multidimensional efficiency tool that allows researchers to compare multiple effects with multiple inputs. As part of the research, the DEA model aimed at maximizing the effects was calculated. The outputs included: turnover of the road transport sector and payload-distance (tonne-kilometers), while the inputs included: employment; length of road network; energy consumption; registered trucks. Research results show that 10 out of 28 analyzed transport sectors in the EU were efficient. For ineffective sectors, based on the concept of benchmarking, changes in the level of effects have been proposed.

8

Performance analysis in the presence of bounded, discrete and flexible measures

Kordrostami Sohrab, Jahani Sayyad Noveiri Monireh

Operations Research and Decisions

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2021

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Vol. 31, No. 3

41--66

EN

In conventional data envelopment analysis (DEA) models, the relative efficiency of decision- -making units (DMUs) is evaluated while all measures with certain input and/or output status are considered as continuous data without upper and/or lower bounds. However, there are occasions in realworld applications that the efficiency of firms must be assessed while bounded elements, discrete values, and flexible measures are present. For this purpose, the current study proposes DEA-based approaches to estimate the relative efficiency of DMUs where bounded factors, integer values, and flexible measures exist. To illustrate it, radial models based on two aspects, individual and aggregate, are introduced to measure the performance of entities and to handle the status of the flexible measure such that there are bounded components and discrete data. Applications of approaches proposed in the areas of quality management, highway maintenance patrols, and university performance measurement are given to clarify the issue and to show their practicability. It was found that the introduced procedure can determine practical projection points for bounded measures and integer values (from the individual DMU viewpoint) and can classify flexible measures along with evaluation of DMUs relative efficiency.

9

Forecasting the confidence interval of efficiency in fuzzy DEA

Kafi Azarnoosh, Daneshian Behrouz, Rostamy-Malkhalifeh Mohsen

Operations Research and Decisions

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2021

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Vol. 31, No. 1

41--59

EN

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a well-known method that based on inputs and outputs calculates the efficiency of decision-making units (DMUs). Comparing the efficiency and ranking of DMUs in different periods lets the decision-makers prevent any loss in the productivity of units and improve the production planning. Despite the merits of DEA models, they are not able to forecast the efficiency of future periods with known input/output records of the DMUs. With this end in view, this study aims at proposing a forecasting algorithm with a 95% confidence interval to generate fuzzy data sets for future periods. Moreover, managers’ opinions are inserted in the proposed forecasting model. Equipped with the forecasted data sets and concerning the data sets from earlier periods, this model can rightly forecast the efficiency of the future periods. The proposed procedure also employs the simple geometric mean to discriminate between efficient units. Examples from a real case including 20 automobile firms show the applicability of the proposed algorithm.

10

Detecting congestion in DEA by solving one model

Shadab Maryam, Saati Saber, Farzipoor Saen Reza, Khoveyni Mohammad, Mostafaee Amin

Operations Research and Decisions

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2021

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Vol. 31, No. 1

77--96

EN

The presence of input congestion is one of the key issues that result in lower efficiency and performance in decision-making units (DMUs). So, determination of congestion is of prime importance, and removing it improves the performance of DMUs. One of the most appropriate methods for detecting congestion is Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Since the output of inefficient units can be increased by keeping the input constant through projecting on the weak efficiency frontier, it is unnecessary to determine the congested inefficient DMUs. Therefore, in this case, we solely determine congested vertex units. Towards this aim, only one LP model in DEA is proposed and the status of congestion (strong congestion and weak congestion) obtained. In our method, a vertex unit under evaluation is eliminated from the production technology, and then, if there exists an activity that belongs to the production technology with lower inputs and higher outputs compared with the omitted unit, we say vertex unit evidences congestion. One of the features of our model is that by solving only one LP model and with easier and fewer calculations compared to other methods, congested units can be identified. Data set obtained from Japanese chain stores for a period of 27 years is used to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed model and the results are compared with some previous methods.

11

DEA-based competition strategy in the presence of undesirable products : an application to paper mills

Amirteimoori Alireza, Masrouri Simin

Operations Research and Decisions

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2021

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Vol. 31, No. 2

5--21

EN

In real applications of data envelopment analysis (DEA), there are cases in which undesirable outputs are produced along with desirable outputs in such a way that the total sum of the produced undesirable outputs over the production units must be fixed and constant. In this case, a trade-off between the decision-making units (DMUs) is needed to balance the production of undesirable outputs. In a rational sight, this trade-off is done in such a way that all DMUs improve their relative performances. In this paper, a single DEA-based model is proposed to model fixed and variable-sum undesirable outputs in production processes. A common equilibrium efficient frontier is constructed and after reallocating the input/output factors, all decision-making units (DMUs) prevail as efficient. A real case of 32 paper mills in China is given. The results of the analysis demonstrated that some economically developed paper mills have better performance than less developed paper mills; in particular, all efficient paper mills are the developed ones.

12

A compositional approach to two-stage Data Envelopment Analysis in intuitionistic fuzzy environment

Javaherian Nafiseh, Hamzehee Ali, Tooranloo Hossein Sayyadi

Operations Research and Decisions

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2021

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Vol. 31, No. 1

21--39

EN

Classical methods of data envelopment analysis operate by measuring the efficiency of decision- -making units (DMUs) compared to similar units, without taking their internal structure into account. However, some DMUs consist of two stages, with the first stage producing an intermediate product, which is then consumed in the second stage to produce the final output. The efficiency of this type of DMU is often measured using two-stage network data envelopment analysis. In real world, most data are vague. Therefore, the inputs and outputs of systems with vagueness data create uncertainty challenges for DMUs. As a result, when uncertainty appears, intuitionistic fuzzy sets can show more information than classical fuzzy sets. This paper presents a model of two-stage Network Data Envelopment Analysis based on intuitionistic fuzzy data, which measures the efficiency of the first and second stages of each DMU, and the overall efficiency measures based on the stage efficiencies.

13

A Scenario-based Model for Resource Allocation with Price Information

Ghiyasi Mojtaba, Dehnokhalaji Akram

Foundations of Computing and Decision Sciences

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2021

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Vol. 46, No. 4

339--360

EN

In this paper, we consider the problem of allocating resources among Decision Making Units (DMUs). Regarding the concept of overall (cost) efficiency, we consider three different scenarios and formulate three Resource Allocation (RA) models correspondingly. In the first scenario, we assume that overall efficiency of each unit remains unchanged. The second scenario is related to the case where none of overall efficiency scores is deteriorated. We improve the overall efficiencies by a pre-determined percentage in the last scenario. We formulate Linear Programming problems to allocate resources in all scenarios. All three scenarios are illustrated through numerical and empirical examples.

14

Using a non-parametric technique to evaluate the efficiency of a logistics company

Průša Petr, Jovčić Stefan, Samson Josef, Kozubíková Zuzana, Kozubík Aleš

Transport Problems

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2020

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T. 15, z. 1

155--161

EN

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a relatively new method, a nonparametric technique used nowadays to evaluate the efficiency of the Decision-Making Units. Using this method, the Decision-Making Units can be compared between each other and the most effective ones can be found. Using the DEA method, the performance of a logistic company with twelve warehouses as DMUs is evaluated in this paper. "DEA Excel Solver" user program was used to solve the problem.

15

Sensitivity analysis of performance of Nigerian ports using data envelopment analysis

Nze Obiageli N., Ejem Ejem Agwu

Journal of Sustainable Development of Transport and Logistics

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2020

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Vol. 5, No. 1

37--47

EN

With cognizance to some differences among the ports and complexities in productivity measurement, the research tries to identify and evaluate productive issues in terms of technical efficiencies (managerial efficiency) and scale efficiencies (managerial and allocative efficiency) experienced at individual Nigeria ports. It equally provided a technical benchmark for assessing the overall efficiencies of the respective ports in Nigeria during the pre-concessioned and post-concessioned era. The level of inputs required for each DMU to be efficient is given i.e. for DMU 2014 to be efficient input-wise, the number of berth may be reduced by two units as a result of idleness of this two (2) berths, the average turnaround time may be reduced by 3 hours and the berth occupancy may be reduced by 3%. Since a fixed asset such as berth cannot be reduced therefore technically and complimentarily the turnaround time and berth occupancy rate need to be decreased more than 5 hours and 3% respectively by allocating the queue ship at the over-utilized berth to the idle berths which in turn will mitigate underutilization of this berths been required to be reduced or alternatively the port should embrace more cargo handling technology to enhance fast loading and discharging of cargoes thus attracting more vessels to the Port.

16

A data envelopment analysis based for evaluating efficiency of bus public routes

Asmael N. M., Waheed M. Q.

Archives of Civil Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 66, nr 4

303--323

EN

The public transport service is highly essential to meet the demand due to a rapidly growing population and mobility. Thus providing public service and improve its service becomes an urgent need in recent years. In Iraq, the Bus system represents the backbone in public transportation, which is based mainly on highway infrastructure. To meet the growing mobility needs, enhancing public service provided only by bus routes is essential. Measuring bus route performance represents one of the crucial transit research topics in the last recent years. The current study tries to investigate the urban public route's efficiency utilizing the "data envelopment analysis (DEA)" technique. To analyze route performance, DEA is using, and performance measures include route design, cost, service, operation, and comfort efficiency are selected and calculated for different routes. Efficiency and effectiveness are the output of this process. Bus company owners can also use the results of this study to improve their services, attract new customers, and better manage their resources.

17

Performance analysis of two-stage network processes with feedback flows and undesirable factors

Nematizadeh Maryam, Amirteimoori Alireza, Kordrostami Sohrab

Operations Research and Decisions

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2019

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Vol. 29, No. 3

51--66

EN

Network data envelopment analysis (NDEA) is a non-parametric technique to evaluate the relative efficiency of decision-making units (DMUs) with network structures. An interesting and important network structure is a two-stage feedback process in which the outputs of the second stage are used as the inputs for the first stage. The existing approach did not consider undesirable products and from experience though we know that in real applications, network structures may consist of desirable and undesirable products outputs in which undesirable products can be used in the systems. The present paper proposes a DEA-based method for evaluating the relative efficiency of such a two-stage-feedback network structure with undesirable factors. Directional distance function along with weak disposability assumption for undesirable outputs has been used to analyse the performance of the network. A real case on ecological system of 31 regions in China is used to illustrate the applicability of the proposed approach.

18

Flexible measure in the presence of the partial input to output impacts process

Shakouri Rita, Salahi Maziar, Kordrostami Sohrab, Wu Jie

Operations Research and Decisions

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2019

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Vol. 29, No. 3

77--98

EN

Precise recognition of the nonparametric measurement approach in the production process and proper application of accurate techniques to categorise the variables play a key role in the process of improving performance of decision-making units (DMUs). The classical data envelopment analysis (DEA) models require that the status of all inputs and outputs measures be precisely specified in advance. However, there are situations where a performance measure can play input role for some DMUs and output role for the others. This paper introduces an approach to determine the situation of such flexibility where in the presence of resource sharing among subunits, the partial input will impact output in DEA. As a result, DMUs have a fair evaluation when compared to each other. Likewise, the maximum improvement is obtained in aggregate efficiency due to partial input to output impacts. The proposed approach is applied to a set of real data collected from 30 branches of an Iranian bank.

19

Application of data envelopment analysis to evaluation of IT project success

Kuchta Dorota, Despotis Dimitris, Frączkowski Kazimierz, Stanek Stanisław

Operations Research and Decisions

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2019

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Vol. 29, No. 3

17--36

EN

The paper is devoted to the problem of IT project success definition and measurement seen against the background of IT human resources management organisation. A review of the state of art of the problem shows that the assessment of IT project success is highly equivocal and subjective. Various methods may produce conflicting results. The paper proposes basically one novelty: an original approach to IT project success evaluation based on Data Development Analysis (DEA). DEA has been developed and used for years, but for other purposes. The new method, contrasted with two other which are based on other philosophies, is applied to a sample of Polish IT projects. This application shows that the new method in some cases completely changes the optics and emphasizes such aspects of IT projects which are neglected by other methods. It also shows that a combination of the proposed method with other IT project measurement methods may substantially increase the fairness of IT project team members and managers’ appraisal, and hence the motivation of human resources in IT projects.

20

A novel Data Envelopment Analysis model with complex numbers : measuring the efficiency of electric generators in steam power plants

Esfandiari Mahmood, Saati Saber, Navabakhsh Mehrzad, Khalili-Damghani Kaveh

Operations Research and Decisions

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2019

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Vol. 29, No. 4

41--52

EN

The output of a generator in power plant is the electricity, and it consists of two parts, active and reactive power. These quantities are expressed as complex numbers in which the real part is the active power and the imaginary part is the reactive power. Reactive power plays an important role in an electricity network. Ignoring it will exclude a lot of information. With regard to the importance of the generators in power plants, surely, calculating the efficiency of these units is of great importance. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a nonparametric approach to measure the relative efficiency of Decision-Making Units (DMUs). Since the generators data are complex numbers, thus, if we the use classical DEA models in order to measure the efficiency of the generators in power plants, the reactive power cannot be considered, and the measurement is limited to the real number of electric power. In this paper, a new DEA model with complex numbers is developed in order to assess the performance of the power plant generators.