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The effects of load magnitude and lifting speed on the kinematic data of load and human posture

Lee T. H.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2015

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Vol. 21, No. 1

55--61

EN

This study examined the effects of load magnitude and lifting speed on the kinematic data of load and human posture in a lifting task. Three load magnitudes (10, 20 and 30 kg) and three lifting speeds (fast, normal and slow) were examined in this study. This study showed that participants shortened the load acceleration period on lifting a lighter load than on lifting a heavier load. For normal and slow lifting speeds, participants moved and lifted the load closer to their body when lifting a heavy load. Participants tended to maintain their postures by using an ankle strategy when in heavier load or faster lifting conditions. The profiles of angle velocity of knee and ankle joints demonstrated the important role of the lower extremities in the acceleration of the load in the initial stage of fast lifting. In addition, participants could not easily control the momentum transmitted to the ankle joint for lifting the heavy load.

2

Effects of carrying handles, postures, materials and distances on carrying capability

Lee T. H., Yeh Y.-C.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2015

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Vol. 21, No. 3

250--255

EN

This study recruited 14 industrial workers to examine the effects of carrying handles, postures, materials and distances on maximum acceptable weights of carrying (MAWC), and resulting heart rate and body rating of perceived exertion (RPE) for a 20 min intensive carrying task. This study showed that MAWC of carrying with bar handles, carrying with hands-and-body posture, solid materials and 4 m distance were significantly higher than that of carrying with groove handles, carrying with hands posture, liquid materials and 8 m distance, respectively. The resulting heart rates while carrying MAWCs of groove handles, hands-and-body carrying posture, solid materials and 4 m distance were lower than the resulting heart rates while carrying MAWCs of bar handles, hands carrying posture, liquid materials and 8 m distance, respectively. Most pair levels of independent variables resulted in similar body's RPEs except for the pair levels of carrying distance.

3

Workplace Hazards and Prevention Options From a Nonrandom Sample of Retail Trade Businesses

Anderson V. P., Chun H.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2014

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Vol. 20, No. 1

181--195

EN

Employer commitment is a key factor in an effective safety program, yet limited research has focused on the safety priorities of retail store managers. To address this, the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recruited 4 experienced ergonomists, who met and interviewed 9 retailers in different parts of the eastern USA. The reports from the 9 interviews were used to document the hazards facing retailers and the interventions they attempted. Those interviewed were managers/owners of establishments that ranged from a small bakery with 11 employees to a supermarket with 85 or more employees. The main hazards across all establishments included overexertion, contact-with-objects, and falls-to-the-same-level. We also compared theretailers’ perceptions of safety hazards with injuries from actual hazards as supplied by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. This report provides insight into the retailers’ perceptions of safety hazards as well as their commitment to the prevention of workplace injuries.

4

Subjective Perception of Load Heaviness

Lee T. H.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2014

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Vol. 20, No. 3

421--427

EN

This study examined human subjective perception of load heaviness. Forty-two (3 boxes × 14 weights) and 27 (3 boxes × 9 weights) experimental conditions were randomly presented to male and female participants, respectively. The results showed that the participants were not able to discriminate the effect of the box on perceived weight. The participants underestimated the weight for low weights and overestimated it for high weights. The females perceived a greater increase in weight than the males for the same increase in weight. The participants’ linguistic term for perceived weight was positively correlated to the magnitude of weight. Approximately 50% of the males perceived a weight of 20 kg or over as risky, while ~60% of the females perceived a weight of 14 kg or over as risky. This study supposes that the gender difference in muscular capability is responsible for the effect of gender on the risk perception of weight.